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CH.3
ASR
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Genetic determinants are also referred to as _______ factors. Current and past environmental events (i.e. experiential history) are also known as ____ factors. 1. Phylogenic, Ontogenic 2. Operant, Learned 3. Cultural, Ontogenic 4. Respondent, Opera | Phylogenic, Ontogenic |
| Digesting food is behavior determined by _____ factors while chewing food (masticating) is determined by _______ factors. | Phylogenic, Ontogenic |
| The puff of air elicits an eye blink is a(n): unconditioned stimulus unconditioned response conditioned stimulus conditioned response operant behavior | unconditioned stimulus |
| Carol sees the sign for Panera bread, starts to salivate and then exits the highway. Exiting the highway is an example of; unconditioned stimulus unconditioned response conditioned stimulus conditioned response operant behavior | operant behavior |
| Which of the following is NOT one of the primary laws of the reflex? 1. Law of the threshold 2. Law of attenuation 3. Law of intensity-magnitude 4. Law of latency | Law of attenuation |
| As intensity of US increases, time for the UR to appear decreases. This statement describes this law. 1. Law of the threshold 2. Law of intensity 3. Law of latency | Law of latency |
| Liz is watching the TV show, the Walking Dead and sees a Zombie jump out at Rick triggering a startle response. A few minutes later her cat rubs the back of her legs, eliciting a large startle response. This exemplifies: 1. Habituation 2. Sensitization 3 | Sensitization -Tendency of another stimulus to elicit a reflex response following the elicitation of that same response by a different stimulus |
| Mary is in an abusive relationship with her boyfriend as whenever he drinks, he gets violent. The sight of seeing her boyfriend consume liquor causes Mary’s heart rate to increase and she begins to sweat profusely. Each time he takes another shot, she fee | Potentiation (increase in CR due to repeated presentations of the CS) **Onlyonestimulus • Samestimulus -Temporary increase in some dimension or intensity of a reflex response due to repeated presentations of an eliciting stimulus. presented repeatedly |
| Mary decides to run away and go to a women’s shelter. The shelter has a firm curfew and wake time. Mary, who typically works nights, adjusts her sleep schedule and eventually begins to fall asleep earlier. This exemplifies; | Adaptation |
| Jane moves from a small town to a big city. During her first few nights asleep, she is startled by the sound of fire trucks and ambulances in the city. But after several nights sleeping in the city, the startle response diminishes. This exemplifies: | Habituation |
| Chris almost gets hit by a black Mercedes while biking in South Beach, Miami. This caused rapid heart rate, perspiring, and rapid breathing. When crossing the street later that day, he sees a black BMW and has an "anxiety attack." This is due to: | Sensitization |
| An increase in heart rate, in response to seeing a dog is a(n): unconditioned stimulus unconditioned response conditioned stimulus conditioned response operant behavior | conditioned response |
| Carol sees the exit sign on the highway for Panera bread and starts to salivate. The sign is a(n): unconditioned stimulus unconditioned response conditioned stimulus conditioned response operant behavior | conditioned stimulus |
| Before the bell is conditioned to elicit salivation (through pairing with food) it has no effect on salivation. Thus it is called a(n): | Neutral stimulus (bell) -> Response to no salivation (no conditional response) |
| The meat powder elicited salivation without conditioning. Thus meat powder is called a(n): | Unconditioned stimulus |
| Which of the following is an example of a conditioned reflex? Blinking in response to a puff of air Blinking when a ball is thrown at your face Blinking in response to a bell Blinking when stepping out into the sun | Blinking in response to a bell |
| Which of the following is an example of a conditioned reflex? Pulling your hand away from a lamp when the bulb shocks you Saying “Ow!” when a bulb shocks you. Pulling your hand away from a hot burner. Pulling your hand away from a burner after seein | Pulling your hand away from a burner after seeing a red light indicating burner on. |
| When a CS is repeatedly paired with the US, CS will eventually produce the CR. This is known as; Respondent extinction Respondent discrimination Respondent acquisition Respondent habituation | Respondent acquisition |
| As the intensity of the US increases, the magnitude of the UR increases up to a certain point called the _______. | Asymptote- Reaching maximum |
| ______ is the most effective respondent conditioning procedure and ____ is the least effective. | Short delay, backward |
| When an organism responds to one value of a CS with a particular response but not to other values of the CS, it is called __________. Habituation Respondent extinction Spontaneous recovery Stimulus generalization Respondent discrimination | Respondent discrimination |
| The general yells “fire” and then the soldier hears gun shots. His heart jumps. Soon whenever the general yells “fire” the soldier’s heart races even before hearing the gun shots. Finally, the army surrenders and puts down their guns. The general still ye | Respondent extinction - unpaired presentations of the CS (without the US) -•EX: When the US (food) does not follow the CS (tone), CR (salivation) begins to decrease and eventually causes extinction. – Eventually the reflex response will cease to be eli |
| Some time after the war, while shooting at the gun range, the same soldier hears a man yell, “Fire.” His heart immediately starts to race. This demonstrates: Sensitization Operant conditioning Respondent extinction Spontaneous recovery Stimulu | Spontaneous recovery |
| Mary runs into her ex-boyfriend at the mall. He is drinking a soda (pop). Immediately, her heart rate increases. This exemplifies; Respondent extinction Spontaneous recovery Stimulus generalization | Stimulus generalization |
| Which of the following is NOT a variable affecting resistance to respondent extinction? -Number of paired trials and inter-trial interval -CS-US contingency and CS-US contiguity -Intensity of the stimulus and its complexity -Past environmental experie | All of the above affect resistance |
| Sometimes even one pairing is sufficient for respondent conditioning to occur. Earlier pairings are more critical than later pairings for learning. These statements are; T/F | True |
| The weakest S-S contingency is when the two stimuli always occur together until learning occurs. This statement is; T/F | False . This is the STRONGEST contingency. |
| In general, the shorter the interval, the more likely that conditioning will occur. This statement is; T/F | True |
| In general, the optimum inter-trial interval is between 20 and 30 seconds(or more). T/F | True |
| A neutral stimulus is more likely to become a conditioned elicitor if the organism has previous history with it. T/F | False (no history with the neutral stimulus is best for promoting learning |
| Neutrality of the conditioned stimulus is important for respondent learning given this known effect. US pre-exposure effect CS pre-exposure effect | CS pre-exposure effect |
| Delays in the conditioned response when a pre-exposed CS is paired with a new US is known as; Simultaneous conditioning Backwards conditioning Latent inhibition US-CS contingency | Latent inhibition |
| When the CS elicits reactions that are ordinarily countered by the US but the US is not delivered the individual experiences this. Drug tolerance Drug habituation Conditioned withdrawal | Conditioned withdrawal |
| In the placebo effect, the placebo (inert substance) would be considered the; 1. Unconditioned stimulus 2. Conditioned stimulus 3. Unconditioned response 4. Conditioned response | Conditioned stimulus |
| When an US is paired with two or more neutral stimuli at the same time and these stimuli become part of the same class, we call the stimuli 1. Conditioners 2. Compound stimuli 3. Operant stimuli 4. Generalized stimuli | Compound stimuli |
| When two neutral stimuli are presented at the same time before the US, the more salient stimulus is said to _____ the less intense stimulus and therefore become the CS. 1. Dominate 2. Overshadow 3. Extinguish | Overshadow |
| When a previously CS impedes the conditioning of another neutral stimulus, it is referred to as 1. Habituation 2. Blocking 3. Respondent extinction 4. Overshadowing | 2. Blocking |
| CS cannot elicit a greater magnitude CR than the UR. This statement is; T/F | TRUE |
| A week later, I am driving in the same neighborhood where I received a speeding ticket. My heart rate increases and I start sweating. This is due to _________ conditioning Respondent Operant | Resondent |
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