Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Quiz 4 section1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the correct order of the airway structures from the mouth to the lungs? | Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi |
| The narrowest part of the airway in children is the ? | Cricoid cartilage |
| Stimulation of laryngeal mucous membranes can cause all of the following | Bradycardia Hypotension Decreased resp rate |
| The trachea is maintained in an open position by | Cartilaginous C-rings |
| The lungs are covered by? | The visceral pleura |
| The lung tissue receives most of its blood supply from? | Bronchial arteries |
| In normal respiration the size of the thoracic cavity can be increased by contracting the diaphragm and the? | Intercostal muscles |
| Increase in carbon dioxide production can be caused by? | Fever Muscle exertion/shivering Metabolic process (diabetic ketoacidosis) |
| During inspiration the lungs become distended activating the? | Stretch receptors |
| In patients with chronic lung disease the primary stimulus to breathe is? | Decreased oxygen |
| The average volume of gas inhaled in one respiratory cycle is called? | Tidal volume |
| The potentially most ominous finding of auscultation is | Quiet |
| SpO2 measures the level of which gas? | O2 |
| All of the following can cause an error signal or blank screen on an SpO2 monitor | Nail polish Carbon monoxide poisoning Cold hands |
| What causes an increased level of exhaled CO2 | Hyperthermia |
| Decreased ETCO2 levels can be found in? | Shock Pulmonary embolism Cardiac arrest |
| ? Is the measurement of expired CO2 | Capnometry |
| A shark fin waveform on a capnogram is consistent with | Asthma |
| Landmark for cricothyrotomy | Cricothyroid membrane |
| What does phase 1 of the capnogram show? | The respiratory baseline. It is flat when no CO2 is present and corresponds to the late phase of inspiration and the early part of expiration |
| What does phase 2 of the capnogram show? | The respiratory upstroke. This reflects the appearance of CO2 in the alveoli |
| What does phase 3 of the capnogram show? | The respiratory plateau. Reflects the airflow through uniformly ventilated alveoli with a nearly constant CO2 level. The highest level of the plateau is called the ETCO2 and is recorded as such by the capnometer |
| What does phase 4 of the capnogram show? | The inspiratory phase. Sudden downstroke and ultimately returns to the baseline during inspiration. |
| The bag valve device has an adjunct oxygen reservoir or corrugated tubing that can deliver ?% oxygen? | 90-95% |
| Both the PtL and the ETC airways | Can be inserted into either the esophagus or the trachea |
| What was the first intubation laryngeal airway designed to facilitate blind endotracheal intubation with a special tube or a regular tube reverse loaded | LMA Fastrach |
| What laryngoscope permits visualization of the vocal cords by lifting of the tongue and? | Epiglottis |
| The curved laryngoscope blade is designed to fit into the | Vallecula |
| The greatest advantage of a straight blade is? | Greater displacement of the tongue |
| Stylettes are a valuable asset when intubating a patient with | A short fat neck |
| The dangers of movement of an endotracheal tube once it is in position include | Elevation of ICP |
| Potentially dangerous complications of improper endotracheal intubation include | Right mainstem intubation Pyriform sinus intubation Esophageal intubation |
| Indications of proper endotracheal intubation include | Presence of bilateral breath sounds Absence of abdominal sounds Phonation Condensation in the tube |
| An esophageal detector device uses the anatomical principle that the: | Trachea is rigid and will not collapse under negative pressure |
| Blind nasotracheal intubation is contraindicated if the patient: | Is apneic |
| Nasotracheal tube auscultation devices may be used only in | Breathing patients |
| Digital intubationCan be useful in what situations | Trauma patient has a suspected cervical spine injury Entrapment prevents proper positioning Facial injuries distort the anatomy |
| Anatomical facts about pediatric airways | The tongue is larger in relation to the oropharynx than in adults The epiglottis is floppy and round The narrowest app art is the cricoid cartilage |
| The most frequently used system of pre-intubation airway assessment is the | Mallampati classification system |
| To ventilate the patient with a stoma device rescue personnel will generally use a | BVM |
| The minimum acceptable vacuum level in suctioning units for the prehospital setting is? | 300mmHg |
| Both standard routes of gastric decompression put the patient at risk for? | Vomiting Misplaced the into the trachea Trauma or bleeding from poor technique |
| The upper airway extends from the mouth and nose to the | Larynx |
| The presence of gas or air in the pleural cavity is called | Pneumothorax |
| The exchange of gases between a living organism and its environment is referred to as | Respiration |
| The lining in body cavities that handles air transport usually containing small mucous-secreting cells is called | Mucous membrane |
| ? Maneuver is pressure applied in a posterior direction to the anterior cricoid cartilage occluding the esophagus | Sellicks |
| ? Are the microscopic air sacs where most oxygen and CO2 exchange takes place | Alveoli |
| What term means alveolar collapse | Atelectasis |
| The pressure exerted by each component of a gas mixture is called | Partial pressure |
| Abbreviation for alveolar partial pressure | PA |
| Abbreviation for arterial partial pressure | Pa |
| FiO2 is the concentration of ? In inspired air | Oxygen |
| Fever, muscle exertion, shivering, and metabolic processes may cause increased ? Production | CO2 |
| The mechanism that increases respiratory stimulation when PaO2 falls is called | Hypoxic drive |
| The most common cause of airway obstruction | Tongue |
| ? Breathing is asymmetrical chest wall movement that lessens respiratory efficiency | Paradoxical |
| Measurement of exhaled CO2 concentrations is called | Capnography |
| In the absence of c spine trauma ? Is the best technique to open the airway of an unresponsive patient | Head tilt chin lift |
| Basic airway used in presence of a gag reflex | Nasopharyngeal |
| Once just the tip of a ? Airway reaches the level of the soft palate, gently rotate 180 degrees | Oropharyngeal |
| Miller, Wisconsin, and Flagg are types of ? Laryngoscope blades | Straight |
| Verification of proper ETT placement includes absence of ? Over the epigastrium, the presence of ? Breath sounds, and ? Inside the tube | Gastric sounds Bilateral Condensation |
| ? Capnography is the best way to monitor ETT placement and ventilation | Waveform |
| BURP | Backward Upward Rightward Pressure |
| Giving meds to sedate and temporarily paralyze a patient before performing orotracheal intubation is called | Rapid sequence |
| Partial ingestion of caustic poisons is a contraindication to the use of the ? Airway | esophageal tracheal |
| Often patients who have had a laryngoscope or tracheostomy breathe through a ? | Stoma |
| Suction should be limited to ? Seconds | 10 |
| In an awake patient with gastric distention, the ? Approach to decompression is generally preferred | Nasogastric |
| Difference between a partial rebreather and a non rebreather mask is that the nonrebreather mask has a n | Oxygen reservoir bag |
| Demand valve devices have fallen out of favor because the risk of | Gastric distention and barotrauma |
| Divides nasal cavity into right and left | Septum |
| Cartilage that lies beneath the thyroid cartilage | Cricoid |
| Muscular tube from back of the soft palate to the esophagus | Pharynx |
| Depression between the epiglottis and the base of the tongue | Vallecula |
| Structure that joins the pharynx with the trachea | Larynx |
| Response triggered by touching the soft palate or the throat | Gag reflex |
| Structure that regulates the passage of air through the larynx and controls production of sound | True vocal cords |
| Opening through which the ETT is passed | Glottis |
| Stimulation here can cause bradycardia, hypotension, and a decreased respiratory rate | Laryngeal mucous membrane |
| Leaf shaped cartilage that prevents food from entering respiratory tract | Epiglottis |
| Right lung has three? Left lung has two ? | Lobes |
| Final division of the airway before the terminal units | Alveolar ducts |
| Connects the larynx with the mainstem bronchi | Trachea |
| The right one is almost straight wile the left one angles more acutely | Bronchi |
| Lines the thoracic cavity and contains numerous nerve fibers | Parietal pleura |
| Connective tissue that covers the lungs and does not contain nerve fibers | Visceral pleura |
| Point where the bronchi divide | Carina |
| Chemical that decreases surface friction | Surfactant |
| Primary respiratory units where an exchange of gases occurs | Alveoli |
| Arranged in two pulmonary lobules | Lung parenchyma |
| Depression between the epiglottis and the base of the tongue is called the | Vallecula |
| The average volume of gas inhaled or exhaled in one respiratory cycle is | Tidal volume |
| A drop of pressure greater than 10 torr during inspiration is called | Pulsus paradoxus |
| To avoid hypoxia during intubation limit each attempt to no more than ? Seconds before reoxygenating the patient | 30 |
| The ? Is the most superiority part of the airway | Nasal cavity |
| The ? Is the only bone in the axial skeleton that does not articulate with any other bone | Hyoid |
| The ? Comprise of the key functional unit of the respiratory system | Alveoli |
| A paramedic can correct oxygen derangements by | Administering supplemental oxygen |
| The ? Is the amount of gas in the tidal volume that remains in air passageways unavailable for gas exchange | Dead space volume |
| Difficulty speaking | Dysphonia |
| Irregular pattern of rate and depth with sudden periodic episodes of apnea indicating increased intracranial pressure describes: | Chyene-Stokes respirations |
| ? Is called the fifth vital sign | Pulse ox |
| Visual representation of the expired CO2 waveform is the | Capnogram |
| What airway can work properly regardless of the tip being in the esophagus or trachea | ETC |
| Open cricothyrotomy is contraindicated in children under | 8 years |
| Scene size up begins... | When you first receive the call |
| Standard precautions are designed to | Reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms form the pt to the medic |
| PPE should be used... | With all Pts regardless of complaint |
| Top priority at the scene is: | Personal safety |
| Distance a lightning strike can travel through the ground | 50 yards |
| When arriving at a door you should: | Stand off to the side of the door |
| When talking with agitated people you should: | Speak calmly |
| A safety vest should be worn | On all roadside incidents |
| A pedestrian struck by a vehicle is most likely to have injuries; | To the lower extremities |
| Greatest hazard to any emergency worker during a roadside rescue operation is | Traffic flow |
| For any multiple patient incident it is wise to implement an | Incident management system |
| Components of a scene size up | Standard precautions Scene safety Resource determination Location of patients MOI/NOI |
| Minimum appropriate PPE includes | Hand hygiene Gloves Mask/Eyewear HEPA/N95 Gown Disposable resuscitation equipment |
| Order of priorities for scene safety | You Your crew Other responding personnel Patient Bystanders |
| 4 donts when approaching a hazardous scene | Don’t: Rush in Assume anything Become a victim Test a foreign substance |
| To participate in a rescue operation you should have at least the following equipment available | Four point suspension helmet Googles/safety glasses Hearing protection Leather work gloves High top steel toe boots Insulated coveralls Turnout gear |
| Scene size up is a ? Process | Ongoing |
| Which mask to use in an extended care facility where multiple residents have similar respiratory diseases | HEPA |
| Reach-throw-roe-go refers to: | Rescuing a drowning victim |
| First step of the initial assessment is | Form a general impression |
| While developing a general impression you need to determine if your pt is ? Or? | Medical or trauma |
| It is important to remember that you are required to obtain any one of what types of consent | Informed Implied Expressed |
| If the MOI is significant or you pt is unresponsive you should | Manually stabilize the head and neck |
| The purpose of the initial assessment is to | Immediately identify life threatening conditions |
| Determining the pts priority for transport is a step in the | Initial assessment |
| Acronym used to record pts mental status | AVPU |
| Unresponsive pt has arms flexed and legs extended in response to painful stimuli is known as ? Posturing | Decorticate |
| Unresponsive pt has both arms and legs extended in response to painful stimuli is known as ? | Decerebrate posturing |
| Do not ? The airway using the head tilt chin lift on an infant | Over extend |
| Use of accessory muscles indicate | Inadequate breathing |
| Assess an infants ? Artery when feeling for a pulse | Brachial |
| Assess an adults ? Pulse first | Radial |
| ? Stop uncontrolled hemorrhage | Hemostatic agents |
| ? Provides important info about the circulatory status of infants and young children | Cap refill time |
| ? Causes the decrease in perfusion to the skin early in shock | Peripheral vasoconstriction |
| Transport should not be delayed for? And ? Than can be completed en route | Detailed assessments; procedures |
| All prehospital emergency care is based on | The Primary assessment |
| The purpose of the primary assessment is to identify and correct | Immediately life threatening conditions |
| The general impression is best defined as | The first, intuitive evaluation of the pt |
| Determining if your pt is a medical pt or trauma pt is completed when | During the general impression |
| If you determine that your pt is at risk for a spinal injury you should apply manual stabilization of the head and neck when | Prior to determining the pts mental status |
| Determining a baseline mental status is important for: | All pts |
| AVPU | Alert Responds to verbal Responds to pain Unresponsive |
| When determining the level of responsiveness for a child that is quiet is usually: | Seriously Ill or injured |
| A patient who responds to verbal stimuli | May only moan or move |
| The appropriate technique for applying painful stimulus to an infant is to | Flick the soles of the feet |
| You should administer O2 to your patient if they have an impaired mental status until the pulse ox reads between | 95-100% |
| An unconscious pt is most at risk for airway obstruction from | Tongue |
| A high pitched inspiratory sound caused by a partially occluded airway | Stridor |
| The presence of a radial pulse suggests the systolic BP is at least | 80mmHg |
| During the primary assessment what is usually assessed before the ABCs | Mental status |
| Respiration definition | The exchange of gases between a living organism and its environment |
| Ventilation definition | Mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs |
| Factors that increase respiratory rate | Fever Emotion Pain Hypoxia Acidosis Stimulant drugs |
| Factors that decrease respiratory rate | Depressant drugs Sleep Cold |
| Deep, slow or rapid, gasping breathing commonly found in DKA | Kussmauls respirations |
| Irregular pattern of rate and depth with sudden periodic episodes of apnea indicating increased ICP | Biots respirations |
| Shallow, slow, or infrequent breathing indicating brain anoxia | Agonal respirations |
| A fine, bubbling sound heard on inspiration associated with fluid in smaller bronchioles | Crackles (rales) Rales in the tails AKA bronchioles |
| A course rattling noise heard on inspiration associated with inflammation mucus or fluid in the bronchioles | Rhonchi Rhonchi in the bronchi |
| Results from the accumulation of blood or vomitus in the upper airway | Gurgling |
| Results from partial obstruction of the upper airway by the tongue | Snoring |
| A musical squeaking or whistling sound heard on inspiration and/or expiration associated with bronchiolar constriction | Wheezing |
| Deep, rapid respirations, indicating increased ICP | Central nuerogenic hyperventilation |
Created by:
Joequitit902