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chapter 7
health
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the result of being underweight and overweight? | energy imbalances |
| What is being overweight? | consuming more food energy than what is being expend which the body stores as fat |
| What is being underweight? | consuming little food that depletes the body's fat stores |
| genetic makeup influences? | the body tendency to consume or store too much energy or expend too little |
| children with one obese parent have a | 30-70% chance of becoming obese |
| lipoprotein lipase | an enzyme mounted on the surface of fat cells that hydrolyzes triglycerides in the blood into fatty acids and glycerol for absorption into the cells there they are metabolized or reassembled for storage |
| what enzyme promotes fat storage in fat cells and muscle cells | lipoprotein lipase |
| leptin | a hormone produced by fat cells under the diretion of the (ob) gene. it decreases appetite and increases energy expenditure |
| what stimulates the production of leptin | a gain in body fatness so that the hypothalamus can suppress the appetite, increase energy expenditure, and produce fat loss by leptin |
| fat loss produces | suppression of leptin production, increase appetite, and decreased energy expenditure |
| ghrelin | a hormone produced primarily by the stomach cells, it signals the hypothalamus of the brain to stimulate appetite and food intake |
| ghrelin | promote a positive energy balance by increasing smell sensitivity, stimulating appetite, and promoting efficient energy storage |
| lean people have | high ghrelin levels |
| obese people have | low ghrelin levels |
| the amount of fat in adipose tissue reflects | both the number and the size of the fat cells |
| with fat loss, the size of the fat cells shrinks | number stays the same |
| set-point theory | the theory that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by means of its own internal controls |
| microbiota | the mix of microbial species of a community, all the bacterium, fungi, and viruses present in the human digestive tract |
| obesiogenic environment | all the factors surrounding a person that promote weight gain, such as an increased food intake - especially of unhealthy choices - and decreased physical activity |
| hunger | a drive programmed into people by their heredity, it is physiological |
| appetite | is learned and can lead people to ignore hunger and it psychological |
| satiation | the feeling of satisfaction and fullness that occurs during a meal and halts eating, determines how much food is consumed during a meal |
| satiety | remind us to not start eating again, determines how much time passes between meals |
| screen time | sedentary time spent using an electronic device |
| liraglutide (Saxenda) | daily injection stimulates insulin production and the release of glucagon and suppresses appetite |
| lorcaserin hydroclorida (Belviq) | interacts with brain serotonin receptors to increase satiety |
| naltrexone hydrochloride (drug and alcohol treatment) and bupropion hydrochloride(antidepressant used in smoking cessation) (contrave) | suppresses appetite |
| orlistat (Alli, Xenical) | inhibits pancreatic lipase activity in the GI tract, thus blocking digestion and absorption of dietary fat and limiting energy intake |
| phentermine (appetite suppressant) and topiramate (seizure/migraine medication) (Qsymia) | enhances the release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, which suppresses appetite and increase the feelings of fullness, making foods taste less appealing |
| side effects of saxenda | nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, low blood glucose, inflammation of the pancreas, gallbladder disease, reduced kidney function, suicidal thoughts, increased heart rate, should not be used by people taking certain diabetic drugs |
| side effects of Belviq | headache, dizzines, fatigue, nausea, dry mouth, constipation, low blood glucose in diabetic patients, serotonin syndrome, cause hallucination |
| foods high in fat or low in water are | fatty meats, cookies, chips rank high in energy density |
| foods high in water and fiber | fruits and vegetables |
| ACSM guidelines for moderate intensity | 150 minutes |
| resistance training | the use of free weights or weight machines to provide resistance for developing muscle strength, power, and endurance |
| behavior-modification | the changing of behavior by the manipulation of antecendents (cues or environmental factors that trigger behavior), the behavior itself, and consequences |
| how to apply behavior modification to manage body fatness | 1. eliminate inappropriate cues 2. suppress the cues you cannot eliminate 3. strengthen cues to appropriate behaviors 4. repeat desired behaviors 5. arrange negative consequences for negative behavior 6. reward yourself personally and immediately for |
| two causes of obesity in humans are: | genetics and physical inactivity |
| the protein produced by the fat cells under the direction of the OB gene is called: | leptin |
| all of the following describe the behavior of fat cells except: | the number decreases when fat is lost from the body |
| the obesity theory that suggests the body chooses to be at a specific weight is the: | set-point theory |
| the biggest problem associated with the use of prescription drugs in the treatment of obesity is: | the necessary for long-term use |
| which strategy would NOT help an underweight person to gain weight? | drink plenty of water |
| which of these behaviors will best support successful weight management? | learn appropriate portion sizes |
| physical activity does NOT help a person to: | lose fat in trouble spots |
| what is the best approach to weight loss? | reduce daily energy intake and increase energy expenditure |
| a nutritionally sound weught-loss diet might restrict daily energy intake to create a: |
Created by:
Jasmine00555