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chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| corne/o | cornified, keratinized |
| derm/o | skin |
| melan/o | dark, black |
| sub- | under, below |
| ap/o | separation from, derivation from |
| pil/o | hair |
| alb/i | white |
| bili | bile |
| cyan/o | blue |
| -emia | condition of blood |
| eryth | red |
| -ism | state of |
| -sis | condition, process |
| dermat/o | skin |
| scler/o | hard |
| outermost thickened, keratinized layer of the skin | stratum corneum |
| outermost layer of skin | epidermis |
| cell that produces the dark pigment melanin | melanocyte |
| this layer is under the skin | subcutaneous layer |
| sweat glands that release some cellular material in their secretions | apocrine |
| muscle that raises the hair to produce "goose bumps" | arrector pili |
| a condition associated with lack of pigment, so the skin appears white | albinism |
| pigment found in bile | bilirubin |
| a bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen | cyanosis |
| vegetable pigments, as from carrots, appear in the blood and give color to the skin | carotenemia |
| redness of skin | erythema |
| general term referring to any skin disease | dermatosis |
| associated with hardening of the skin | scleroderma |
| what is the name of the system that comprises the skin and all its associated structures | integumentary system |
| integument means | covering |
| moving from the superficial to the deeper layer, what are the names of the two layers of skin | epidermis and dermis |
| what is the composition of the subcutaneous layer | loose connective and adipose (fat) tissue |
| what is the name of the skin glands that produce an oily secretion | sebaceous glands |
| what is the scientific name for sweat glands | sudoriferous glands |
| what is the name of the sheath in which the hair develops | hair follicle |
| where are the active cells that produce a nail located | nail root (proximal end of the nail) |
| T/F the epidermis contains no blood vessels | True |
| T/F the dermis contains many blood vessels, nerve endings, and glands | True |
| what do irregular patches of melanin form | freckles |
| babies are born with a covering produced by sebaceous glands that resembles cream cheese, (cheesy varnish) this secretion is called what | vernix caseosa |
| what glands are associated with eyelashes and produce a secretion that lubricates the eyes | meibomian glands |
| what are coiled, tube-like structures located in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue | sweat glands (sudoriferous glands) |
| what glands are located throughout the skin and function to cool the body | eccrine glands |
| what glands are located in the armpit (axillae) and groin area | apocrine glands |
| what glands are located in the ear canal that produce ear wax (cerumen) | ceruminous glands |
| what glands are at the edges of the eyelids | ciliary glands |
| what glands are located in the breasts | mammary glands |
| this involves only the shaft and the root (the small bulblike portion of the hair) | hair loss |
| an intracellular protein in epithelial cells | keratin |
| extracellular protein in connective tissue | collagen |
| what are the four main functions of the integumentary system | protection against infection protection against dehydration, regulation of body temperature, collection of sensory information |
| T/F in the integumentary system there is minimal amount of excretion through the skin, water and electrolytes are excreted in sweat (perspiration) | true |
| what is needed for the development and maintenance of bone tissue through UV radiation in sunlight | vitamin D |
| T/F the human skin does NOT breathe | true |
| T/F the skin is the one organ that can be inspected in its entirety without surgery or special equipment | true |
| any distinct change in skin color from the normal is known as | discoloration |
| what is the pigment that carries oxygen in the red blood cells | hemolglobin |
| what is diffuse redness caused by increased blood flow to the skin called | flushing |
| what is a paleness of the skin caused by reduced blood flow due to cold environments or physiologic shock | pallor |
| T/F when there is not enough oxygen in circulating blood, the skin may take on a bluish discoloration called cyanosis | true |
| T/F bile is a substance in the liver that aids in fat digestion | true |
| jaundice is a French word meaning what? | yellow |
| jaundice may be a symptom of what disorders? | a tumor, inflammation of the liver, blood diseases, and immature liver |
| which two substances produced in the skin help to prevent dehydration | keratin and sebum |
| which two mechanisms involving the skin are used to regulate temperature | dilation (widening) and constriction (narrowing) of blood vessels |
| what three pigments give color to the skin | melanin, hemoglobin, and carotene |
| skin/wound healing is affected by what 4 things | nutrition, blood supply, infection, and age |
| which two categories of tissues repair themselves most easily | epithelial and connective tissue |
| T/F decreased melanin production leads to gray or white hair | true |
| what is any wound or local damage to tissue called | lesion |
| T/F a surface lesion is often called a rash or is raised called an eruption | true |
| a spot that is neither raised or depressed, typical of measles and described as freckles | macule |
| a firm raised area, seen in chickenpox and described as a pimple | papule |
| a blister or small fluid-filled sac | vesicle |
| similar to a vesicle but larger in size | bulla |
| a solid, raised, and rounded lesion larger than a papule | nodule |
| a pus-filled lesion | pustule |
| T/F pustules may develop if vesicles become infected | true |
| a scratch to the skin is called what | excoriation |
| a rough, jagged wound made by tearing of the skin | laceration |
| a sore associated with disintegration and death of tissue | ulcer |
| a crack in the skin | fissure |
| T/F athlete's foot and other skin disorders can produce fissures | true |
| skin lesions that appear where the body rests on the skin that covers bony projections | pressure ulcers |
| risk factors such as immobility, malnutrition (including obesity), excess moisture, and lack of sensation are related to what | pressure ulcers |
| this burn is when skin is red and dry; minimal pain (mild sunburn) first-degree burn | superficial |
| this burn is when tissue reddens and blisters; painful (severe sunburn) second-degree burn | superficial partial thickness |
| this burn tissue may be blistered with a weeping or dry surface due to sweat gland damage, less painful due to nerve damage, blisters may be blood-filled, second-degree burn | deep partial thickness |
| this burn tissue is broken, dry, pale, or charred; requires skin grafting and may results to loss of limbs, third-fourth degree burn | full thickness |
| what cancer is the most common form in the United States | skin cancer |
| what is a common complication of burns | infection |
| a malignant tumor of melanocytes | melanoma |
| a cluster of melanocytes, known as a mole | nevus |
| T/F bacteria, viruses, and fungi may all cause skin infections | true |
| If an infection spreads to the dermis it is known as what | cellulitis |
| acute contagious staphylococcal skin infection, pus-filled blister-like lesions containing millions of deadly bacteria; can cause death in infants | impetigo |
| T/F affected people of impetigo can reinfect themselves or infect others | true |
| (wart) a small benign tumor caused by a virus human papillomavirus (HPV) | verruca |
| a viral infection that follows nerve pathways, producing small vesicular lesions on the overlying skin (chickenpox) | shingles |
| causes the formation of watery vesicles (cold sores, fever blisters) on the skin | herpes simplex virus |
| a fungal infection on the skin (ringworm) | tinea |
| what is the technical term for baldness | alopecia |
| what skin disorder results from overactivity of the sebaceous glands | acne |
| which is the probable cause of chronic inflammatory skin disease | autoimmunity |
| what is the general term for inflammation of the skin | dermatitis |
| which two factors are used to assess the severity of burns | depth and body surface |
| what is recurrent bouts of eczema beginning in childhood (atopic eczema) | atopic dermatitis |
| autoimmune skin disease with skin blistering | pemphigus |
| form of lupus that involves the skin and other organs | (SLE) systemic lupus erythematosus |
| form of lupus involving only the skin; butterfly rash across the nose and cheeks known as a malar (cheekbone) rash | (DLE) discoid lupus erythematosus |
| chronic skin disease characterized by red flat areas covered with silvery scales | psoriasis |
| an open comedo | blackhead |
| an closed comedo | whitehead |
| hair that falls out for unknown reasons this condition is called | alopecia areata |
| cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of a protein called | keratin |
| allergic reaction characterized by the appearance of wheals | urticaria |
| skin sensitivity characterized by intense itching and inflammation | eczema |
Created by:
kcady1