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Sofia BS&F Ch 17-18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A disease of alveoli destruction; difficult to expel air | emphysema |
| Premature babies with hyaline membrane disease | respiratory distress syndrome |
| fluid in the lungs along with fever and pain | pneumonia |
| an inherited disease accompanied with thick mucus | cystic fibrosis |
| lung pressure decreases during what process? | inhalation |
| lung pressure increases and abdominal muscles contract during what process? | exhalation |
| substance that keeps lungs flexible and reduces surface tension of alveoli | surfactant |
| exchange of gases between lungs and blood | external respiration |
| exchange of gases between blood and body cells | internal respiration |
| membrane that protects the lungs | pleural membrane |
| very ends of the bronchioles are pouches called | alveoli |
| what is the space between the pleura membranes called? | pleural cavity |
| another name for pertussis | whooping cough |
| absorbing or secreting hydrogen ions to maintain pH is done by the | kidneys |
| common pathway for air and food | pharynx |
| voice box is also known as | larynx |
| another name for windpipe | trachea |
| which pleura attaches directly to the lung? | visceral |
| bone that attaches muscles of the tongue | hyoid |
| part of the pharynx that houses the eustachian tube | nasopharynx |
| kidneys are located here between the peritoneum and the wall of the abdomen | retroperitoneal |
| the functional unit of the kidney | nephron |
| blood enters the kidney through the | afferent arteriole |
| blood is first filtered inside the | bowman's capsule |
| cells and proteins do not get through the glomerulus so they exit through the | efferent arteriole |
| the efferent arteriole connects to these capillaries which surround the tubules | peritubular |
| this part of the kidney tubule reabsorbs about 85% of substances needed by the body | proximal convoluted tubule |
| This part of the kidney tubule secretes urea, creatinine, ammonia, bilirubin, uric acid and urobilinogen | distal convoluted tubule |
| this mechanism allows kidneys to concentrate urine | countercurrent multiplier mechanism |
| this ion controls the pH in the body | hydrogen |
| substances moving from the capillaries into the fluid in the tubules is called | secretion |
| What percentage of urine is water? | 95 |
| inflammation of the kidneys | glomerulonephritis |
| active form of Vitamin D | calciferol |
| another name for kidney stones | renal calculi |
| surrounds the glomerulus | bowman's capsule |
| collects urine form the ducts of the pyramids | minor calyx |
| If you are in metabolic acidosis, your breathing will | increase |
| transport of substances back into capillaries from the tubular fluid | reabsorption |
| inflammation of the urinary bladder | cystitis |
| enzyme produced by the kidney to help regulate blood pressure | renin |
| hormone produced by the kidney to stimulate red blood cell production | erythropoietin |
| what percentage of room air is oxygen? | 21 |
| what percentage of room air is nitrogen? | 78 |
| what percentage of room air is carbon dioxide? | .04 |
| area of the kidney where blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels enter and exit is called the | hilum |
| uric acid crystals in the joints of hands and feet cause a condition called | gout |
| the kidney and the bladder are connected by the | ureters |
| area of the brain that controls breathing | medulla |
| area of the brain that coordinates the rhythm of breathing | pons |
| lid over the glottis | epiglottis |
| lobe of lung with 3 lobes | right |
| lobe of lung with 2 lobes | left |
| U shaped structure of the nephron | loop of henle |
| Hormone released by the adrenal glands that causing more sodium to be absorbed | aldosterone |
| What part of the brain tells the adrenal glnds to release aldosterone? | hypothallamus |
| what two organs work together to maintain acid-base balance in the body? | lungs and kidneys |
| The liver, the skin and the kidneys all participate in the synthesis of | vitamin D |
| In the kidney, the cortex and the renal columns make up the | parenchyma |
| Urine in the urethra is transported by what process? | peristalsis |
| Mass of fatty tissue protecting the kidneys | adipose capsule |
| union of the interlobar veins; they leave the kidney at the hilum | left renal vein |
| Division of the efferent arterioles into a network of capillaries | peritubular capillaries |
| type of cartilage rings in the trachea | hyaline |
| false vocal cords | vestibular folds |
| Adam's apple | thyroid cartilage |
| The amount of pressure that gas contributes to the total pressure | partial pressure |
| The most common cause of UTI's in women | E.coli |
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