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Cell Transport
Cell Membrane, Diffusion and Osmosis and Active Transport
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Passive transport | transport that does not use energy |
| Active transport | Transport that uses energy |
| diffusion | movement of particles from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| integral proteins | proteins that go all the way through the membrane |
| channel proteins | "gates" of the cell |
| Why are channel proteins important? | transport food and other molecules in and waste out |
| Receptor proteins | "Informers of the cell" |
| Why are receptor proteins important? | Gather info about the cells surroundings Triggers a response inside the cell when the right molecule attaches |
| hormones | chemicals secreted by glands that can illicit a response in the cell when bound by a receptor protein |
| Marker Protein | "Name tags of the cell" |
| Why are marker proteins important? | Tell what type of cell it is Tell if that cell is YOUR cell or an invading cell |
| equilibrium | having the same amount of particles throughout |
| osmosis | movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane in response to a high solute concentration |
| peripheral proteins | proteins on one side of the membrane |
| phospholipid heads | ~are polar ~are on the outside and inside of the cell membrane |
| phospholipid tails | ~are non-polar ~made of lipids (fats) ~ are the center of the cell membrane |
| Facilitated Diffusion | diffusion through selective pores |
| How does glucose get into most cells? | Facilitated diffusion - through channel proteins |
| 3 types of integral proteins | *Cell surface protein *Receptor Protein *Marker Protein |
| solute | particle in solution |
| hypertonic solution | more solute particles outside the cell than inside |
| hypotonic solution | more solute particle inside the cell than outside |
| isotonic solution | same amount of solute inside and outside the cell |
| In Osmosis, water will always move toward what? | the highest solute concentration |
| This will happen if a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution | Cell will shrink |
| This will happen if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution | Cell will burst |
| This will happen if a cell is placed in a isotonic solution | Cell will stay the same |
| Why does active transport need energy? | Because the molecules are going against the concentration gradient |
| Proton pumps | *use ATP to move small molecules and ions against the gradient *used to make ATP from ADP during chemiosmosis in photosynthesis |
| Sodium-Potassium Pumps | *the most important energy-using process in your body! *Use ATP to move sodium ions (Na+) out and potassium ions (K+) in |
| Why are sodium-potassium pumps so important? | When the Na+ comes back in through a Coupled channel protein, it often brings glucose with it thus bringing food into the cell |
| endocytosis | Cell engulfs or "eats" another cell |
| Phagocytosis | Cell eating a solid substance |
| Pinocytosis | Cell bringing in a large quantity of liquid |
| exocytosis | Cell releases substances out of the cell *Ex: hormones, waste, proteins |
Created by:
jthomas1499