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AP Euro - Chapter 20
The Cataclysm of Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A body of deputies from the three estates of France. Disputes about procedures of voting in this body in 1789 opened the way to the French Revolution. | Estates General |
| The rural panic of 1789; fears of an aristocratic plot to burn corps or barns sometimes turned into peasant attacks on aristocrats or on seigneurial records of peasants' dues kept in the lord's chateau. | The Great Fear |
| The name given to politically active men from the lower classes; they worked with their hands and wore the long trousers of workingmen rather than the knee breeches of the upper classes. | sans-culottes |
| Taken by the deputies of the newly declared National Assembly that they would not disband before achieving constitutional reform. | The Tennis Court Oath |
| The new assembly established by the National Assembly and endorsed by Louis XVI in the Constitution of 1791. | The Legislative Assembly |
| A program instituted By Robespierre and used by the Committee of Public Safety to crush dissent and reorganize French society. | The Terror |
| Robespierre's government, which aimed to instill republicanism in the populace via a program of political and religious reeducation. | The Republic of Virtue |
| What happened on the night of August 4, 1789? | The abolition of feudalism |
| Who wrote the "Declaration of the Rights of Women" in 1791? | Olympe de Gouges |
| Who dominated the Committee of Public Safety? | Maximilien Robespierre |
| The period in which the Convention turned against Robespierre and his regime of Terror. | The Thermidorian Reaction |
| By 1789, who had become the object of popular hatred, showing the effect of propaganda against the monarchy? | Marie-Antoinette |
| The immediate cause of the French Revolution was the ___________________ that grew out of France's support of the American colonies in their struggle against Britain. | economic crisis |
| On June 17, 1789, the Third Estate began the French Revolution by declaring itself to be the ____________________ that represented all the people of France. | National Assembly |
| The storming of the ____________________ on July 14, 1789, showed that the common people were willing to intervene with force to protect the Revolution. | Bastille |
| Early in the Revolution, the government decreed that all government positions would be filled based upon the candidate's __________________, rather than by purchase or birth. | talents or abilities |
| The __________________________ of 1792 was supposed to safeguard the royal family by promising that if they were harmed, the Prussians and Austrians would destroy Paris, but it could not stop the eventual trial and execution of the king. | The Brunswick Manifesto |
| The ______________________ were the bloody result of the panic that seized Paris as the Prussians threatened to take the city in September 1792. | September massacres |
| The __________________ were the radical republicans (named after the former monastery where their parent club met) in the National Convention after the fall of the monarchy in August 1792. | Jacobins |
| In the fall of 1793, the French revolutionary government tried to replace Christianity with the entirely secular __________________. | Cult of Reason |
| France's adoption of the ____________________ in 1793 changed the way the world measured distance, weight, and volume. | metric system |
| The ________________________ was the name of the new French government set up in 1795 after the fall of Robespierre. | The Directory |
| For Europe, one lasting consequence of France's military campaigns was the adoption of the __________ based on Enlightenment ideals, which lasted in many states. | Napoleonic Code |
| Leading Enlightenment political theorists __________ and Rousseau had argued that republics suited only small countries, not large ones like France or Austria. | Montesquieu |
| The most successful anti-republican and counterrevolutionary revolt took place in the French department called the __________. | Vendée |
| __________, which the National Assembly passed in July of 1790, established clerical pay scales, the election by local voters of parish priests and bishops and the confiscation of all church property. | The Civil Constitution of the Clergy |
| The dispute in the French National Assembly between the __________ and the Mountain was over whether the king, Louis XVI, should be executed for treason (the Mountain's position) or given clemency or exile (the __________' position). | Girondins |
| The fall from grace of Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety came about when Robespierre began to order the execution of members of the __________ itself. | Convention |
| The clergy | First Estate |
| The nobility | Second Estate |
| At times this term refers specifically to the bourgeoisie, the middle class, but also included the sans-culottes, the laboring class. Basically anyone other than the clergy or nobility. | Third Estate |
| King of France from 1774 until 1791,found guilty of treason, and executed on 21 January 1793. His execution signaled the end of the absolutist monarchy in France. | Louis XVI |
| Based on the philosophical and political principles of the Enlightenment, such as individualism and the social contract as theorized by the English philosopher John Locke and developed by Rousseau, and the separation of powers espoused by Montesquieu. | Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen |
| The Royal Family's attempt to flee France June 20-21, 1791. | Flight to Varennes |
| A French term for mass conscription. It was created by the Committee of Public Safety and was a main reason for the success of the French armies during the revolutionary wars. | Levee en Masse |
| A religion based on deism, devised by Maximilien Robespierre, intended to replace Catholicism as the state relgion. | Cult of the Supreme Being |
| A Swiss-born French scientist and physician who is best known as an activist in the French Revolution. He was stabbed to death in his bathtub by self-proclaimed Girondist Charlotte Corday. | Jean-Paul Marat |
| A leader of the Girondins and one of the nine members of the Committee of Public Safety. When he opposed Robespierre he was sentenced to death and guillotined. | Georges-Jacques Danton |
| A highly influential French painter in the Neoclassical style. In the 1780s his cerebral brand of history painting marked a change in taste away from Rococo frivolity towards a classical austerity and severity. | Jacques-Louis David |
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