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Chem 04 Virtual Atom
Terms covered during VIRTUAL lessons in chemistry on Atomic Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| matter is neither created nor destroyed during (chemical or physical) changes; mass of reactants = mass of products... this is the law of _?_ | conservation of mass (Lavoisier) |
| elements that chemically combine do so in consistent proportions by mass... this is the law of _?_ | definite proportions (Proust) |
| gaseous elements that react do so in simple ratios by volume... this is the law of _?_ | combining gas volumes (Gay-Lussac) |
| when two elements combine in more than one definite ratio by mass, fixing the mass of the first element reveals the masses of the second element form simple, whole ratios... this is the law of _?_ | multiple proportions (Dalton) |
| he proposed the first atomic theory (had 5 basic ideas or 'tenets') | Dalton |
| smallest part of element that retains its properties; the building block of matter | atom |
| form of matter made of only ONE kind of atom | element |
| Dalton 1: matter is composed of tiny particles he called _?_ . [STILL VALID] | atoms |
| Dalton 2: atoms cannot be _?_, _?_, or _?_ [NO LONGER VALID] | created, destroyed, broken |
| Dalton 3: atoms of the same element are _?_ [NO LONGER VALID] | identical |
| Dalton 4: atoms of different elements are _?_, specifically in their _?_[STILL VALID] | different; weight |
| Dalton 5: when atoms combine, they do so in simple _?_ [STILL VALID] | whole number ratios |
| device used by Thomson to discover electrons, the first subatomic particle (plum pudding model) | cathode ray tube (CRT) |
| during his 'gold foil' experiment, Rutherford used alpha particles to probe atoms... and when 1 out of about 10,000 bounced back, this led to the discovery that atoms contains a small, dense, + _?_ | nucleus |
| he developed an atomic model placing electrons at specific distances from the nucleus based on specific light frequencies in the emission spectrum of the HYDROGEN atom | Bohr |
| one of the 'fixed' paths followed by electrons as they orbit the nucleus | energy level |
| small, super dense, positive center of atom that contains most (99+%) of an atom's mass | nucleus |
| negatively charged region surrounding atom's nucleus in which the negative particles move... it takes up most (99+%) of an atom's volume | electron cloud |
| positively charged subatomic particle located in nucleus and having a mass of 1 amu | proton |
| 1/12th the mass of a C-12 isotope... the unit used to measure relative mass of atoms | amu (u, dalton) |
| negatively charged subatomic particle orbiting nucleus, having a mass of nearly 0 amu | electron |
| subatomic particle having no charge (0), a mass of about 1 amu, and located in nucleus | neutron |
| Millikan's procedure for determining the exact mass and charge of an electron | oil drop experiment |
| it is defined as "the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom" (although it also tells more info... which the mnemonic A.P.E. reveals | atomic number |
| sum of protons + neutrons in atom's nucleus | mass number |
| atoms of same element but with different of neutrons | isotopes |
| specific isotope used to define the atomic mass unit | C-12 |
| way of 'naming' an isotope using super- and subscripts | nuclear symbol |
| name of the H-1 isotope containing 1 e- orbiting 1 p+ | protium |
| name of the H-2 isotope containing 1 e- orbiting 1 p+& 1 n | deuterium |
| name of the rare, radioactive H-3 isotope containing 1 e- orbiting 1 p+ & 2 n's | tritium |
| WEIGHTED average of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element found on the Periodic Table | atomic mass |
| quantity found by using the mnemonic M.A.N. and the equation "mass # – atomic #" | of neutrons |
| overall charge of a normal, uncombined atom in which the of p+ = e- | neutral |
| maximum capacity of the 1st energy level | 2 |
| maximum capacity of the 2nd energy level | 8 |
| maximum capacity of the 3rd energy level | 18 |
| term used by Democritus to describe indivisible particles he thought matter might be made of (Greek for "uncuttable") | atomos |
| order of discovery of the 3 major subatomic particles | electron, proton, neutron |
| "A.P.E." in A.P.E.M.A.N. means _?_ | atomic = protons = electrons |
| "M.A.N." in A.P.E.M.A.N. means _?_ | mass # – atomic # = # neutrons |
| if an element naturally exists as only one isotope, its atomic mass on the periodic table will be extremely close to a _?_ | whole number |
| if you know the of isotopes, their % abundance, and relative mass... you can calculate _?_ | AVERAGE atomic mass |
| equation for calculating the of electrons required to fill any energy level "n" | 2n^2 |
| the condition of an electron when at its lowest possible energy | ground state |
| describes an electron at a higher-than-normal energy level | excited |
| a change of energy levels (up or down) of an electron | transition |
| experiment that identifies metal ions by the color of light they make in a fire | flame test |
| light 'fingerprint' emitted by a gaseous element when electrically stimulated | emission (bright-line) spectrum |
| distance between crests of consecutive waves | wavelength |
| of waves that pass a point per second | frequency |
| math relationship between frequency and wavelength for waves in a particular medium | inversely proportional |
| mnemonic for remembering visible light spectrum from longest to shortest wavelength | ROY G. BIV |
| wavelength range of the visible spectrum | 400 - 700 nanometers |
| another name for 10^-9 meters... used to measure wavelengths of light | nanometer |
| 'speed of light' abbreviation and | c (3.00x10^8 m/s) |
| quantity that the Greek letter λ (lambda) stands for | wavelength |
| the electron transition from any upper level to the 1st energy level produces _?_ light | ultraviolet |
| the electron transition from upper level to the 2nd energy level produces _?_ light | visible |
| the electron transition from upper level to the 3rd energy level produces _?_ light | infrared |
| device used to discover the existence of isotopes | mass spectrometer |
| what is shown after the hyphen in symbols such as C-12 or O-18 | mass number |
| in nuclear symbols, what is shown by the superscript | mass number |
| in nuclear symbols, what is shown by the subscript | atomic number |
| how do you get relative abundance of an isotope from percent (%) abundance | move decimal 2 places to left (ex: 75% = .75) |
| what do you find using this equation: (relative abundance A)(mass A) + (relative abundance B)(mass B)... | average atomic mass |
| the color of the flame test of the copper salt (compound) | green |
| the color of the flame test of the sodium salt (compound) | yellow/orange |
| the color of the flame test of the lithium salt (compound) | bright pink |
| the color of the flame test of the potassium salt (compound) | lavender |
| if 2 charged objects with the same charge (+/+ or –/–) are brought close together, they _?_ | repel |
| if 2 charged objects with opposite (+/–) charge are brought close together, they _?_ | attract |
| when you rub a balloon on fur/hair, you are charging by _?_ | friction |
| when you cause a stream of water to be attracted toward a statically charged balloon, you are charging by _?_ | induction |
| when grains of salt or pieces of paper are attracted toward a charged balloon, touch it, and then are repelled AWAY it is because they have been charged by _?_ | conduction |
Created by:
goakley
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