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Cardiovascular
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Roles of Pericardium | Protects the heart, Anchors it to surrounding structures, Prevents overfilling of the heart with blood |
| This structure lies on the outside surface of the heart and is an integral part of the heart wall. | The epicardium |
| This double walled sac is the structure that encloses the heart | Pericardium (Peri means around ) |
| This structure is the inner layer of pericardium (called the visceral layer) | Epicardium |
| Loosely fitting superficial part of the sac enclosing the heart | Fibrous pericardium |
| The lining of the heart chambers is called the | Endocardium |
| The endocardium is composed of | Simple Squamous epithelium |
| Glistening white sheet of endothelium lining inside of the heart | Endocardium |
| Correct sequence of blood flow through the heart | Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle |
| What part of the heart is considered the systemic circuit pump? | The left ventricle |
| The vessels that carry oxygen to the myocardium is called the | Coronary arteries |
| Middle layer of the heart, composed mainly of cardiac muscle | Myocardium |
| The trabeculae carneae are located in the | Ventricles |
| Thin, slippery, 2 layered membrane | Serous pericardium |
| Middle layer of the heart, composed mainly of cardiac muscle | Myocardium |
| Sequence of layers in the heart wall, starting with the outer layer | Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
| What muscles prevent the AV valves from everting during ventricular contraction ? | Papillary muscles |
| Which of the following valves is most often faulty in the heart? | The mitral/bicuspid valve |
| The coronary arteries receive blood from the ___? | Aorta |
| During systemic circulation, blood leaves the _____. | Left ventricle and goes directly to the aorta |
| During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the ____. | Right ventricle and moves to the lungs |
| What is ‘the destination’ of pulmonary veins? | Left atrium |
| The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the ____. | Right atrium |
| Freshly oxygenated blood is delivered to the ____ and then it passes into the ____ to be pumped to the entire body. | Left atrium ; left ventricle |
| Two from each lung carry blood into the left atrium | Pulmonary veins |
| The right ventricle sends blood into the ____. | Pulmonary trunk |
| The role of the AV node is to ___. | Slow down impulses so that the atria can contract to fill the adjacent ventricles with blood |
| Part of the heart conduction system where the impulse is delayed for 0.1 second? | AV node |
| The normal pacemaker of the heart is the _____. | SA node |
| This factor gives the myocardium it’s high resistance to fatigue. | Large number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm |
| An area of the heart conduction system with the fastest depolarizing pacemaker cells. | SA node |
| Which wave in an ECG indicates atrial depolarization ? | P wave |
| What term on an ECG indicates ventricular depolarization? | QRS complex |
| Which wave indicates ventricular repolarization? | T wave |
| One difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle is ? | Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle has gap junctions between cells that allow them to be auto rhythmic. |
| The absolute refractory period refers to the time during which ______. | The muscle cell is not in a position to respond to a stimulus of any strength. |
| The _____ nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the sinoatrial (SA) node. | Vagus |
| The cells of myocardium behave as a single, coordinated unit called a _____. | Functional syncytium |
| The sequence of current flow through the intrinsic conduction system of the heart. | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches, subendocardial conducting network |
| The ability of some cardiac muscle cells to initiate their own depolarization and cause depolarization of the rest of the heart is ____. | Automaticity |
| The P wave of an electrocardiogram represents _____. | Atrial depolarization |
| Systole | Contraction |
| Diastole | Relaxation |
| Cardiac output is _____. | The amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in one minute. |
| Stroke volume is ____. | The volume of blood pumped by one ventricle with each heartbeat |
| What is ESV (end systolic volume) ? | Amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of contraction |
| What is Preload? | The degree to which cardiac muscle cells are stretched just before they contract |
| What would lead to a decrease in heart rate? | Parasympathetic stimulation |
| What is EDV (end diastolic volume)? | Amount of blood in the ventricle at the end of relaxation |
| The second heart sound (the “dup” of lub-dup) is caused by the _____. | Closure of the semi lunar valves |
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ReneaChristina