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BIO108 - Urinary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| blood reaches the kidney | Blood flows into your kidney through the renal artery. |
| blood reaches the glomerulus | Blood flows into and away from the glomerulus through tiny arteries called arterioles, which reach and leave the glomerulus through the open end of the capsule. |
| What force drives water across the filtration membrane? | Filtrate is produced by the glomerulus when the hydrostatic pressure produced by the heart pushes water and solutes through the filtration membrane |
| blood leaves the kidney | blood is filtered by the tiny blood vessels of the glomeruli and then flows out of your kidney through the renal vein. |
| urine leaves the kidney | From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin tubes called ureters to the bladder. The ureters are about 8 to 10 inches long. |
| Where does urine go when it leaves the kidney? | To the bladder |
| urine leaves the body | Urine exits the bladder and goes out of the body through the urethra. |
| At about what volume of urine does the body feel the need to urinate? | The body feels the need to urinate when its half full and their bladder has between 200 and 350 ml of urine in it. |
| What is the micturition reflex? | The internal urethral sphincter relaxes and opens and urine cannot exit until it relaxes. |
| Name the inner portion of the kidneys | the renal medulla |
| Which urinary system structure takes urine away from the bladder? | urethra |
| located between the proximal and distal tubules | Loop of Henle |
| Uses a peristaltic action to take urine to the bladder. | ureters |
| Name the process in urine formation where substances move from the blood into the renal tubules | filtration and secretion |
| Which structure surrounds each glomerulus? | Bowmans capsule |
| Which section of the tubule is connected to the glomerulus? | Proximal convoluted tubule |
| Since the kidneys are behind the peritoneal cavity, they are said to be | retroperitoneal |
| The filtrate flows into the proximal convoluted tubule after which process of urine formation has taken place? | Glomerular filtration |
| The glomerular filtration rate is the amount of filtrate produced in the kidneys (time) | per minute - 125 mL/min |
| Joins with other, similar structures from other nephrons to form collecting ducts | Distal convoluted tubules |
| Group of capillaries that is part of the renal corpuscle | glomerulus |
| The outermost layer of the kidneys | cortex |
| Composed of a mass of capillaries called the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule and where filtration occurs | Renal corpuscle |
| Hormone that helps to regulate red blood cell production | erythropoietin |
| The tube that carries urine to the bladder | Two ureters |
| This hormone is secreted by the kidneys in response to low renal blood pressure. | renin |
| These hormones work together to increase blood pressure. | Renin, aldosterone and ADH anti-diuretic hormone |
| Where does most water reabsorption in the kidneys occur? | Proximal convoluted tubules |
| The active transport of materials from the circulation into the tubular fluid is called | secretion |
| Name the triangular area that forms the floor of the bladder: | trigone |
| List the organs involved in the urinary system | kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra |
| Tell where urine production occurs | kidneys |
| Explain the primary purpose of urine production | to eliminate waste from the body, regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH. |
| Explain filtration | Occurs in glomerulus and driven by increased pressure in capillaries smaller in diameter. |
| List the 2 main sections of the kidney | cortex & medulla |
| What is the basic functional unit of the kidney? | The nephron |
| What is the glomerulus and where is it located? | The glomerulus is a network of small blood vessels (capillaries) known as a tuft, located at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney |
| Describe and name the parts of a nephron | a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. The renal corpuscle consists of a tuft of capillaries called a glomerulus and an encompassing Bowman's capsule. |
| What happens in the renal tubule and the renal corpuscle | The renal tubule extends from the capsule. Renal corpuscle acts to filter blood. The renal tubule is the portion of the nephron containing the tubular fluid filtered through the glomerulus |
| What are polyuria, dysuria and chronic renal failure? | Polyuria – excessive urination Dysuria – painful urination Chronic renal failure – gradual loss of function of the nephrons |
Created by:
rendeu4153