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Plant tissues
terms and definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| tissue | group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| structural tissue | Tissues such as wood that form the structural support for plants. Composed primarily of cellulose and lignin. |
| epidermis | An outer layer of cells designed to provide protection |
| stomata | Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move |
| guard cells | The two cells that flank the stomatal pore and regulate the opening and closing of the pore. |
| leaf hairs | hairlike structures that help retard the loss of water and help in defense against insects |
| inter cellular air spaces | Gaps in between the spongy Mesophyll that allows air (carbon dioxide) to get to palisade Mesophyll and oxygen to leave the leaf |
| veins of the leaf | run through the mesophyll layers and contain the vascular tissue xylem and phloem |
| leaf blade | large broad part of the leaf |
| petiole | thin stalk by which a leaf blade is attached to a stem |
| cell membrane | A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell. |
| nucleus | A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction |
| cytoplasm | A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| cellulose | Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls. |
| cuticle | Waxy, protective layer that covers the stems, leaves, and flowers of many plants. Helps prevent water loss (desiccation). |
| desiccation | rendered thoroughly dry; exhausted of moisture which prevents metabolism |
| lignin | A chemical that hardens the cell walls of plants. |
| chloroplast | An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs |
| vacuole | Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
| Epidermal tissue | forms the outer protective covering of a plant for protection |
| cork | The outermost protective layer of a plant's bark, produced by the cork cambium. |
| cork cambium | A cylinder of meristematic tissue in woody plants that replaces the epidermis with thicker, tougher cork cells. |
| meristematic | plant tissue found only in the tips of shoots and roots; responsible for plant growth |
| apical meristem | Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots that supplies cells for the plant to grow in length. |
| Apical | pertaining to the apex |
| apex | the highest point |
| vascular cambium | adds layers of vascular tissue called secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem and is located between each of these |
| parenchyma | Fundamental tissue composed of thin-walled living cells that function in photosynthesis and storage. |
| support tissue | fibers give strength for leaves, stems and roots |