A technique associated with prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid is obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus. The fluid and the fetal cells it contains are analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.

A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in cells of female mammals, representing a highly condensed, inactivated X chromosome.

In genetics, an individual who is heterozygous at a given genetic locus for a recessively inherited disorder. The heterozygote is generally phenotypically normal for the disorder but can pass on the recessive allele to offspring.

The situation in which the phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote because both alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways.

The situation in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.

The situation in which the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele.

Instances in which a particular gene may exist in three or more allelic forms are known as multiple allele conditions.

A diagram of a family tree with conventional symbols, showing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring over multiple generations.

polygenic inheritance

An additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character.

A gene located on either sex chromosome. Most sex-linked genes are on the X chromosome and show distinctive patterns of inheritance; there are very few genes on the Y chromosome.

The phenotype most commonly observed in natural populations; also refers to the individual with that phenotype.

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APA Unit 12 Lesson 4

AP A Unit 12 Lesson 4 Key Terms

Question	Answer
amniocentesis	A technique associated with prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid is obtained by aspiration from a needle inserted into the uterus. The fluid and the fetal cells it contains are analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus.
Barr body	A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in cells of female mammals, representing a highly condensed, inactivated X chromosome.
carrier	In genetics, an individual who is heterozygous at a given genetic locus for a recessively inherited disorder. The heterozygote is generally phenotypically normal for the disorder but can pass on the recessive allele to offspring.
codominance	The situation in which the phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote because both alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways.
complete dominance	The situation in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.
incomplete dominance	The situation in which the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele.
multiple alleles	Instances in which a particular gene may exist in three or more allelic forms are known as multiple allele conditions.
pedigree	A diagram of a family tree with conventional symbols, showing the occurrence of heritable characters in parents and offspring over multiple generations.
polygenic inheritance	An additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character.
sex-linked gene	A gene located on either sex chromosome. Most sex-linked genes are on the X chromosome and show distinctive patterns of inheritance; there are very few genes on the Y chromosome.
wild type	The phenotype most commonly observed in natural populations; also refers to the individual with that phenotype.

Created by: Jason Stanwood

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