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AP A Unit 9 Lesson 5

AP A Unit 9 Lesson 5 Key Terms

QuestionAnswer
autotroph An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. Autotrophs use energy from the sun or from oxidation of inorganic substances to make organic molecules from inorganic ones.
carotenoid An accessory pigment, either yellow or orange, in the chloroplasts of plants and in some prokaryotes. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot, carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis.
chlorophyll A green pigment located in membranes within the chloroplasts of plants and algae and in the membranes of certain prokaryotes. Chlorophyll a participates directly in the light reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy.
chlorophyll a A photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy.
chlorophyll b An accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll a.
heterotroph An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them.
light reactions The first of two major stages in photosynthesis (preceding the Calvin cycle). These reactions, which occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast or on membranes of certain prokaryotes, convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH,
NADP The oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, an electron carrier that can accept electrons, becoming NADPH. NADPH temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions.
NADPH The reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions. NADPH acts as "reducing power" than can be passed along to an electron acceptor, reducing it.
photon A quantum, or discrete quantity, of light energy that behaves as if it were a particle.
photosynthesis The conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in sugars or other organic compounds; occurs in plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes.
photosystem I A light-capturing unit in a chloroplast's thlyakoid membrane or in the membrane of some prokaryotes; it has two molecules of P700 chlorophyll a at its reaction center.
photosystem II One of two light-capturing units in a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane or in the membrance of some prokaryotes; it has two molecules of P680 chlorophyll a at its reaction center.
primary electron acceptor In the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast or in the membrane of some prokaryotes, a specialized molecule that shares the reaction-center complex with a pair of chlorophyll a molecules and that accepts an electron from them.
stoma (pl. stomata) A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant.
stroma The dense fluid within the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane and containing ribosomes and DNA; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
thylakoid A flattened, membranous sac inside a chloroplast. Thylakoids often exist in stacks called grana that are interconnected; their membranes contain molecular "machinery" used to convert light energy to chemical energy.
visible spectrum That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected as various colors by the human eye, ranging in wavelength from about 380 nm to about 750 nm.
wavelength The distance between crests of waves, such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Created by: Jason Stanwood
 

 



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