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BIO108 - Digestive
BIO108 - Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? | stomach |
| The mucous epithelium is a component of the | mucosa |
| Ingestion refers to the | input of food into the digestive tract |
| Contraction of the ________ layer of the intestinal wall functions to change the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves food through its length | muscularis |
| The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold some of the visceral organs in their proper position | mesenteries |
| The beginning and end of the digestive tract is lined by | stratified squamous epithelium |
| A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in the | all of the above |
| The movement of nutrients through the wall of the digestive tract is called | absorption |
| A body pH below 7.35 is called | acidic |
| A body pH above 7.45 is called | acidosis |
| Name the organ of digestion that regulates fecal elimination | rectum and anus |
| The stomach rises up through the diaphragm | hiatal hernia |
| The stomach lining becomes inflamed | gastritis |
| List the organs of the digestive system that secrete acid and enzymes | stomach |
| Name the cells of the stomach that secrete pepsinogen | Zymogenic cell or peptic cell. |
| Name the cells of the stomach that secret hydrochloric acid and the intrinsic factor | Parietal cells |
| Which layer of the wall of the digestive system organs secretes mucus and enzymes | Mucosa |
| The visceral peritoneum secretes serous fluid to keep other organs from sticking to the structures of the alimentary canal. What is the visceral peritoneum a part of? | Abdominal wall |
| Describe the duodenum | closest to the stomach and receives chyme, plus liver and pancreatic secretions. Mostly retroperitoneal, or behind peritoneum |
| Describe the jejunum | mostly chemical digestion and absorption supported by mesentery and within peritoneum. |
| Describe the ileum | longest segment ends at ileocecal valve that controls flow into large intestine. |
| The cells that produce a substance that to protect the lining of the stomach from the gastric acids juices are the | mucous cells |
| Name the digestive organ that absorbs water and electrolytes | large intestine |
| What uses peristalsis to push food to the stomach | when you swallow |
| Saliva contains ??? an enzyme that is useful in digesting carbohydrates | amylase |
| Inflammation of the liver is called | hepatitis |
| Which organ of the digestive system connects the mouth and the esophagus | pharynx |
| a chronic liver disease in which normal tissue is replaced with scar tissue | Cirrhosis |
| The process of converting food physically and chemically before it can be used by the cells is called | digestion |
| Name the wave-like contraction that pushes materials along the digestive tract | peristalsis |
| The cecum, the colon and the rectum are part of the | large intestine |
| When bile is stored in the gall bladder for too long ???? form because????? | stones (cholecystitis), bile gets thick |
| Which organ is the main site for nutrient absorption | Small intestine |
| Salivary glands whose secretions are especially rich in salivary amylase are the | parotid salivary glands |
| Teeth specialized for grasping and tearing | canines |
| Gums are also called | gingivae |
| The innermost layer of the alimentary canal wall | mucosa |
| Main site of nutrient absorption | small intestine |
| Which enzyme is responsible for starting digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth | salivary amylase |
| The opening where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm | esophageal hiatus |
| Which part of the stomach is specialized to be a temporary storage area | fundic region (upper) |
| Folds in the stomach mucosa are | rugae |
| Acid reflux occurs when chyme backs through the | esophagus |
| HCl is secreted by what cells | parietal cell |
| Protection of the stomach lining is provided by | mucosal defense mechanisms |
| Which enzyme digests proteins in the stomach | pepsin |
| Vitamin B12 depends on ??? to be absorbed | intrinsic factor |
| Finger-like projections in the mucosa of the small intestine are called | intestinal villi or villus |
| Stones in the gallbladder are referred to as | cholelithiasis |
| Inflammation of small pouches that form in the lining and wall of the colon | diverticulosis |
| Indigestion is also known as | dyspepsia |
| Name the type of hepatitis that is most commonly contracted via a fecal-oral route | Hepatitis A |
| Name the type of hepatitis that is blood borne and usually spread via drug use and tattoos | Hepatitis C |
| List the organs of the digestive system | Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, rectum and anus. |
| What is mechanical processing of food? Where does it occur? | Physically breaking down food and starts in the mouth. |
| Where do carbohydrates begin to be digested? What digests them? | Carbs begin digesting in the mouth and amylase digests them |
| Explain why swallowing food doesn’t end up in your lungs | The epiglottis is a flap that sits over the trachea and blocks food and drink from going down. |
| What structure prevents the backflow of materials from the stomach into the esophagus | Ring like muscular valves called sphincters |
| What is the swallowing reflex? Is it voluntary or involuntary? | The swallowing reflex contraction of pharyngeal muscles followed by contraction of muscles linin the esophagus. Swallowing reflex is involuntary |
| List the parts of the stomach: 3 parts. | Fundus (upper), body or greater curvature (middle), and pylorus (lower). |
| What is pepsin and what is it used for? | Pepsin is a stomach enzyme that digest proteins found in ingested food. |
| Name the three parts of the small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, and ileum |
| In what part of the small intestine does most chemical digestion occur | duodenum |
| Where is bile stored? | gallbladder |
| Where is bile made? | liver |
| What is bile's function? | helps with digestion by breaking down fats into fatty acids |
| What and where is the gallbladder? | The gallbladder holds bile and is on the right side of your abdomen |
| What are the functions of the liver? | To produce bile, produces and stores glucose, detoxifies harmful substances like alcohol, removes worn out red blood cells, produces blood proteins like fibrinogen, prepares the urea, breaks down hormones no longer useful and sores vitamins a,d,e and k |
| List the three parts of the large intestine. | 1. ascending colon, 2. transverse colon, and 3. descending colon |
| Describe the major functions of the large intestine. 3 | Absorbing water and electrolytes, producing and absorbing vitamins, and forming an propelling feces toward the rectum. |
| List the names of the three salivary glands: | Parotid glands , Submandibular glands, Sublingual glands |
| Largest internal organ | liver |
| How is alcohol absorbed in the body | stomach and small intestine |
| What is asthma? | Lungs get swollen or inflamed |
| Diarrhea can be a life-threatening situation in the very young and the very old. | True |
| What is bile | breaks down fats into fatty acids |
| The purpose of the large intestine is to absorb water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and get rid of any waste products left over. | True |
| The vocal cords vibrate and air passes through the cords from the lungs to make the sound of your voice | True |
Created by:
rendeu4153