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ch. 13.2 ch 13.3

bio

QuestionAnswer
What is genetic engineering? a faster and more reliable method for increasing the frequency of a specific allele in a population. aka recombinant DNA technology
What is recombinant DNA? it's made by connecting, or recombining, fragments of DNA from different sources
What are transgenic organisms? plants & animals that contain functional recombinant DNA from an organism of a different genus. contain foreign DNA.
What are restriction enzymes? bacterial proteins that can cut both strands of the DNA molecule at a specific nucleotide sequence. hundreds of them.
What are palindromes? words or senteces that read the same forward & backward.where we use restriction enzymes to celave DNA.
Why are they called sticky ends? EcoRI cuts the single-stranded ends and have a tendency to join w/ other single-stranded ends to become double stranded, so they attract DNA they can join w/.
what are the 3 steps to genetic engineering? 1. isolate the foreign DNA fragment that will be inserted. 2. attach the DNA fragment to a carrier. 3. transfer into the host organism.
What does a vector do? it carries DNA to the host and puts it in the host's cell. many different ones. 2 kinds (biological & mechanical)
What is a plasmid? biological vector. circular DNA ring in bacteria which loves them b/c they like to mutate which usually makes them better. then we put bacteria into host.
What is a micropipette? mechanical vector. extremely tiny hypodermic needle. we can inject the DNA into the host.
What is a gene gun? mechanical vector. shoots microscopic gold or other nonreactivve metal bullet coated w/ DNA into the cell.
What is a clone? a genetically identical copy. each identical recombinant DNA molecule is called a gene clone.
What was the 1st entire organism cloned? 1997. sheep named Dolly. died 4 years earlier than normal but fertile. aged quickly. got weird agind disease. next time clone a cell from a baby animal. Dolly was successful after 276 attempts. embryos died or spontaneously aborted
What is a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)machine? takes a small amount of DNA & forces it to replicate. used @ crime scenes. heating & cooling cycles. aka thermocycler.
How is recombinant DNA used in industry? bl;ue jeans, chees, detergent, pulp & paper production, and sewage treatment.
How is recombinant DNA used in medicine? treat human diseases. make human antibodies, 9growth) hormones, vaccines, enzymes, and various compounds (insulin) needed for diagnosis & treatment.
What are transgenic organisms used for and which ones? to study diseases and the role specific genes play in an organism. mice, rounworms, and fruit flies. trying to help hemophilia and emphysema.
How is rcombinant DNA used in agriculture? better tasting, longer lasting, and disease insect and herbicide resistant plants. trying to make some w/ more vitamins and for people allergic 2 peanuts and soybeans.
What is the human genome? map of the approximately 80,000 genes on 46 chromosomes that when mapped & sequenced, may provide info on the treatment or cure of genetic disorders
What is a linkage maop? a genetic map that shows the location of genes on a chromosome
What is a gene marker? contained in DNA fragments & spread throughout the genome. a segment of DNA w/ an identifiable physical location on a chromosome and whose inheritance can be followewd.
What is gene therapy? the insertion of normal genes into human cells to correct genetic disorders. trials w/ SCID have been most successful. trying w/ cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, cancer, AIDs, and heart disease.
How and why is DNA fingerprinting used? k
Created by: kladybugv
 

 



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