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Apologia Chem M 3C

Atomic structure, part 3

QuestionAnswer
a quantum assumption the assumption that a physical quantity (such as energy) is restricted to discrete values
When an electron moves from an orbit CLOSE to the nucleus to an orbit FAR from the nucleus, we say that the electron has been excited.
When an electron moves from an orbit FAR from the nucleus to an orbit CLOSE to the nucleus, we say that it has de-excited.
quantum mechanical model the modern-day model of the atom in which electrons are found outside the nucleus in ORBITALS
The quantum mechanical model mainly differs from the Bohr model in the type of orbits that the electrons can occupy.
We assume that electrons do not orbit in fixed circles but instead orbit in clouds we call orbitals.
The orbital has a general shape and the electron can be ____________________ within that shape. anywhere
S orbital simplest type of orbital an electron can occupy; spherical w/ the nucleus at the center; only orbital type in the 1st energy level
An electron that occupies an s orbital can be anywhere inside the sphere but cannot venture _______________ of the sphere. outside
The farther away from the nucleus the electron is, the __________ energy it must have. more
The coefficient (number) next to the orbital letter indicates the energy level of the atom.
The p orbital is dumb-bell shaped.
The first p orbital is the 2p orbital.
For every energy level, there are _____ different p orbitals, which are all shaped the same but oriented differently in space. 3
The third type of orbital is the d orbital.
There are ____ different d orbitals for each energy level. 5
The lowest energy level d orbital is located on the _________ energy level. 3rd
Within the same energy level, the different shaped orbitals require _______________ amounts of energy. different
Each individual orbital can hold only _____ electrons. 2
All forms of matter try to stay in their lowest possible energy state (also known as the ground state)
Matter is basically lazy.
The ground state is different for every substance on earth.
All of the chemical behavior of an atom is governed solely by the number of _________________ the atom has. electrons
electron configuration a notation that lists the number of electrons that occupy each orbital in an atom
The periodic table gets its weird shape because of electron configurations.
We call the first two columns of the periodic table the s block because the last electrons in the atoms of that block end up in an s orbital.
The s orbital block is only 2 columns wide because the s orbital can have only 2 electrons in it.
Since there are 5 d orbitals and each can have 2 electrons, there are ______ elements in each row that have their last electrons in d orbitals. 10
The last orbital block of the periodic table is the p orbital block.
The rows of the periodic table represent the energy level that those electrons are in.
In the d orbital block, the row that the elements are on is one number ___________ than the energy level that the electrons are in. higher
When we write an abbreviated electron configuration, we look for the nearest atom in column 8A that has a LOWER atomic number than the atom you are interested in. Then, you simply add any extra electrons on top of that atom's configuration.
Created by: MrsHough
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