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Chapter 22
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The nurse of the lungs are part of the? | The autonomic nervous system |
| The? and relaxation of the bronchi and blood vessels within the lungs | Nerves of the lungs |
| ? Normally takes place when the intrathoracic pressure is slightly below atmospheric pressure and when a partial vacuum exists between the parietal and visceral pleural (intrathoracic) surfaces as the muscles of inspiration contract to enlarge the chest c | Inspiration |
| ? Is the increased rate of respiration that prevents and elimination of carbon dioxide | Hyperventilation |
| The right bronchus is straighter than the left for this reason and held for material is more likely to enter the? | Robert long |
| The longest divided into Anatomy coal regions the right lung has 3 lobes in the left lung has two lobes | |
| ? Is the transfer of oxygen from the alveoli in the lungs to the bloodstream | Diffusion |
| The question mark is a sealed barrier between the thoracic and abdominal cavities the function of the respiratory system is to maintain a steady intake of oxygen from the air and eliminate carbon dioxide from blood | Diaphragm |
| There are? Pulmonary veins | 4 |
| ? Prevents the trachea from collapsing | Hyaline Cartledge |
| The structure between in alveoli and bronchial are the | Alveolar ducts |
| Democritus Gothic air sacs clustered at the end of a bronchial are the | Alveoli |
| The main bronchi pulmonary arteries veins and lymphatic vessels enter the lungs on the medial surface through the | hilum |
| The heart laws slightly to the left within the? | Mediastinum |
| The trachea divides at the carina into right and left | Bronchi |
| There are? True ribs | 7 |
| ? Leave salons through the pulmonary veins | Oxygenated blood |
| The pleural space normally maintains negative pressure in relation to atmospheric air and the? | Alveoli |
| ? Is bloody sputum or bleeding arising from the respiratory tract | Hemoptysis |
| ? Is difficult breathing | Dyspnea |
| ? Is the movement and absorption of oxygen molecules into body tissues | Perfusion or oxygenation |
| A question mark is an obstruction in the pulmonary vascular system that may result in is Mia to that portion of the lung it may be caused by blood clot air or fat which enters the bloodstream the obstruction usually rises from deep vein thrombosis | Pulmonary embolism |
| ? Is air in the chest cavity that prevents the lungs from expanding and may displace the mediastinal structures | Pneumothorax |
| ? Is blood in the pleural cavity and sufficient volume this may compress the lungs and prevent adequate gas exchange? Usually results from trauma | Hemothorax |
| ? Is a rare condition in which the subclavian vessels and the brachial plexus are compromised at the apex of the thorax the surgical goal is to release the compression of the neural vascular tissue and restore function to the affected upper extremity neck | Thoracic outlet syndrome TOs |
| Question mark is the most common congenital chest deformity | Pectus excavatum |
| ? Blood Prevents the long from expanding occurs when a bleb ruptures air enters the pleural cavity | Pneumothorax |
| Blood in the pleural cavity | Hemothorax |
| Anticoagulant therapy is used to treat often a result of a blood clot may result in ischemia to that portion of the lung | Pulmonary embolism |
| Results in abnormal over inflation of the lungs volume reduction surgery is used to treat loss of electricity and distention of the alveoli | Emphysema |
| The question mark remains in indispensable diagnostic tool and will be needed in the or this film outlines the lesion if any is present in defines its shape and space occupying nature the presence of air in the Hiller region pleural effusion or atelectasi | Chest x-ray film |
| ? Or specific group of procedure that measure lung function vital capacity is the total volume of air exhaled from Maximum inspiration and is measured during A PFT | Pulmonary function test PFT |
| Among the most important blood test for pulmonary function is arterial blood gases abg's in this test arterial blood is assessed from oxygen and carbon dioxide levels as well as? | PH acid-base balance |
| ? Is performed in the Supine position with a shoulder roll | Bronchoscopy |
| The surgical position of choice for a single lung transplant is lateral the incisions most commonly used in pulmonary surgery are posterolateral an anterior lateral thoractomy with the patient in the | Lateral position |
| ? In the adult requires 10 mm lenses in size 0 and 30° the scope camera and Lot stores are managed as with all minimally-invasive endoscopic procedures | Thoracoscopy |
| A? Should be available the surgeon inserts a? Beneath the shoulder muscles and elevates the scapula | Scapula retractor |
| A question mark is preferred for the removal of a foreign body in the bronchial tree of infants and children | Rigid bronchoscope |
| ? Is the surgical position used for a lobectomy | Posterolateral |
| From the shoulder and arm to the iliac crest describes the best skin preparation for a | Posterior lateral thoracotomy |
| For the posterolateral position the operating room Personnel should have? available | Bean bag |
| During an endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis the action by the anesthesia provider ensures exposure and minimizes damage to the lungs by deflating the lung for recommendation of the surgeon during? | Dissection and resection |
| ? Often require cardiopulmonary support bypass may be avoided by the bilateral sequential technique in which the more disease native long has removed first and the other longest capable of maintaining adequate oxygenation | Bilateral lung procedures |
| The vagus left recurrent laryngeal and phenric nerves are carefully preserved during | Pneumonectomy |
| The surgeon covers the edges of the wound with laparotomy sponges to protect the wound edges from | Bruising |
| A bronchoscopy is not considered a | Sterile procedure |
| The fifth intercostal space is entered for a | Thoracotomy |
| Excision of the thymus is commonly performed for malignant tumors and occasionally for | Myasthenia gravis |
| ? Of the lung a surgical removal of a portion of the parietal pleura | Decortication |
| The procedure that removes an entire lung to debulk reduce the size of a malignant tumor is called a | Pneumonectomy |
| ? Is the insertion of a flexible fiberoptic or rigid telescope into the trachea and bronchi for assessment the surgical procedure? Is generally used for the removal of large tissue or a foreign body this is because broncoscopia is performed to examine the | Bronchoscopy |
| ? Is increasingly used as a way to maximize the allocation of donor lung organs if both lungs are disease bilateral transplantation is indicated | Single lung transplantation |
| A question mark is a large tissue biopsy or the removal of a small peripheral lesion | Wedge resection |
| ? Retrieve biopsy From the lower respiratory tract used to remove foreign body from Airway answer sysscope into the trachea can either be rigid or flexible | Bronchoscopy |
| Lymph node biopsy is performed routinely during the procedure use a stainless steel endoscope inserted through a small incision at the suprasternal notch | Mediastinoscopy |
| A small portion of lung tissue is removed from pathological assessment uses a 10 mm 0 - and 30 degree lens used to perform a lung biopsy uses trocars and cannulas | Thoracoscopy |
| Is defined as that phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles contract | Diastole |
| The? Maintains one-way blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta | Aortic valve |
| The question mark is located between the left atrium and left ventricle | Mitral valve |
| The walls of the heart contain three layers | Outer epicardium the Middle Myocardium in the inner endocardium |
| The right and left internal thoracic mammogram e arteries used as graphs during coronary bypass surgery Branch off the subclavian arteries and course behind and parallel to the edges of the sternum they diverge from the subclavian arteries behind the | Sternum |
| SA node is preferred to as the | Pacemaker of the heart |
| The right atrium receives the | Oxygenated blood |
| The right ventricle is responsible for pumping blood into the | Pulmonary artery |
| The left ventricle is responsible for pumping blood into the | Aorta |
| The coronary arteries arise from the | Aorta |
| The circumference artery supplies blood to the walls of the? | Left atrium and ventricle |
| The chords tendineae is attached to the valvular cusps and prevents valves from swinging back into the | Atria |
| The heart lies slightly to the left within the | Mediastinum |
| The cardiac cycle refers to the events taking place during a | Single heartbeat |
| The fetal heart begins developing and the | Third week |
| Another name for the mitral valve is the | Bicuspid |
| The bundle of His is the only electrical connection between the | Atria and ventricles |
| The normal adult heart rate averages | 72 beats per minute |
| After birth with the elimination of placental circulation the | Ductus arteriosus closes |
| Receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium connected to the pulmonary artery by the pulmonary valve | Right ventricle |
| Receives deoxygenated blood from the body | Right atrium |
| Between the left atrium and left ventricle disease may be caused by rheumatic heart disease | Bicuspid mitral valve |
| Pumps oxygenated blood to the artery connects to the aorta by the aortic valve | Left ventricle |
| A disease mitral valve is replaced to prevent blood from regurgitating here | Left atrium |
| Replace with a prosthetic valve through a ride atriotomy | Tricuspid valve |
| Contraction phase defines the term | Systol |
| ? Is uncoordinated muscular activity in the heart muscle resulting in quivering rather than pumping action this results and pooling of blood | Fibrillation |
| ? Is defined as reduced blood supply to tissue it may be a result of obstruction within the blood vessels or external pressure which acts as a tourniquet | Ischemia |
| Is a heart rate below 40 to 60 beats per minute | Bradycardia |
| ? Is a potentially life-threatening condition in which the walls of the aorta or any other vessel or heart chamber balloon out because of cardiovascular disease to classifications of aneurysms are secular or fusiform | Aortic aneurysm |
| A? Is a ballooning out of a localized area in the artery | Saccular aneurysm |
| A? Involves the entire circumference of the artery | Fusiform aneurysm |
| ? Is a heart rate over 120 beats per minute | Ventricular tachycardia |
| An abnormal opening in the wall between the right and left ventricles of the heart is known as a | Ventricular septal defect |
| Repair of tetralogy of fallot is through a median sternotomy the patient undergoes cardiopulmonary bypass and tetralogy of fallot involves | Four cyanotic congenital heart defects |
| ? Include tetralogy of fallot transposition of the great vessels and tricuspid Artesia | Cyanotic defects |
| ? Is characterized by a single artery arising from both ventricles | Truncus arteriosus |
| Chaotic disorganized stimulation of The ventricle that does not pump the blood treated with a defibrillator | Ventricular fibrillation |
| Heart rate of 240 to 450 beats per minute | Atrial flutter |
| Abnormally slow heartbeat below 60 beats per minute treated with a pacemaker | bradycardia |
| Heart rate over 120 beats per minute lidocaine Xylocaine 1% is commonly used in the treatment | Ventricular tachycardia |
| Chaotic disorganized stimulation of the atrium Atria that prevents atrial contraction which helps fill the ventricle with blood treated with cardiac ablation | Atrial fibrillation |
| The absence of a heartbeat cardiac standstill | Asystole |
| A dissecting aneurysm involves the circumference of a | Artery |
| In a? Dissecting originating at the left subclavian artery not involving the thoracic aorta | Type 3 aneurysm |
| ? Is the most common complaint in the patient with a thoracic aortic aneurysm | Chest pain |
| ? Is best for determining the overall size of the heart and great vessel configuration | AP and lateral x-ray |
| Saline heparin and papaverine are used during a | Coronary artery bypass grafting |
| A? Is a device that produces electrical impulses that stimulate the heart muscle this process is called pacing the heart | Pacemaker |
| The? is an electronic cardiac defibrillating and monitoring device used in patients susceptible to ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia | Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ICD |
| ? Is used to stop the heart's pumping action thereby reducing the energy required by the cardiac muscle by eliminating the energy requirements of contraction | Cardioplegia solution |
| The? Assumes the role of the heart and lungs while undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass | Pump oxygenator |
| A? Is a mechanical device designed for circulatory support after cardiac procedures | Intra-aortic balloon pump |
| ? Is the most common incision used for surgical procedures of the heart and great vessels in the thoracic cavity the patient is placed in the Supine position prepped and draped for a midline thoracic incision the surgeon makes the midline incision from th | Median sternotomy |
| The? Maintains one-way blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta aortic valve replacement involves the replacement of a diseased valve the surgeon opens the aorta with a transverse incision or occasionally a vertical incision | Aortic valve |
| During? The surgeon occludes the ascending aorta and inserts the indwelling catheter for Infusion of cardioplegic solution and venting of air | Coronary artery bypass surgery |
| Four? During cardiopulmonary bypass the cannula is placed in the aorta | Aortic cannulation |
| ? Protects the heart from damage during cardio pulmonary bypass | Hypothermia |
| The right atrium is the portion of the heart where the cannula placed to achieve venous cannulation for | Cardiopulmonary bypass |
| ? used to evacuate air out of the vascular grafts after a repair has been done | 19 gage needle and a 10 cc syringe |
| A? Is used to make a hole in the ovulated portion of the aorta for the graph to be sewn to | Aortic punch |
| ? May be placed around each been graphed on the aorta to Mark the veins in the event of a cardiac catheterization performed in the postoperative. | Metal rings or radiopaque material |
| The? Is threaded / cannulation sutures to help hold them in place it is also used when large vessels are ocular looted or isolated with a vessel Loop or umbilical tape | Rummel tourniquet |
| ? Is performed more often and is the replacement of one heart with another | Orthoptic transplantation |
| Removal of the Native heart and replacement with a donor heart is indicated for patients with end-stage cardiac disease other surgical modalities such as vad support are often used before transplantation | |
| ? Is the insertion of a second owner heart into the recipients patient right pleural cavity the donor heart Works in tandem with the recipients native heart | Heterotopic piggyback transplantation |
| The? Refers to a Teflon patch being used to close the ventricular septal defect the middle pulmonary artery is transected and a channel is place from the right ventricular outflow to the pulmonary artery | Rastelli procedure |
| In a? The electrodes are placed in the right atrium | Cardiac pacemaker insertion |
| Aaa | aaa |
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