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Apologia Chem M 2A
Atoms and Molecules, up through Dalton
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Chemists believe that if you can break matter down into its fundamental components and learn everything there is to learn about those components, | then you will know everything there is to know about matter. |
continuous theory of matter | theory that substances were composed of long, unbroken blobs of matter |
Democritus | Greek philosopher, 460-370 BC, proposed the discontinuous theory of matter after walking along the beach |
discontinuous theory of matter | proposed that matter is composed of tiny individual particles |
Antoine Lavoisier | late 1700s, considered to be founder of modern chemistry, developed theory that led to development of the Law of Mass Conservation |
law of mass conservation | matter cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms |
qualitative measurements | not exact amounts |
quantitative measurements | measurements that are made as precisely as possible |
decomposition | the process by which a substance is broken down into its constituent parts |
elements | any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler components |
periodic table of elements | a compilation of the most important information about each element, placed into an organized system |
technetium | first artificially created element, created in 1937 |
metals | found to the left of the jagged line; are usually malleable, have luster, and are able to conduct electricity |
nonmetals | found to the right of the jagged line; typically brittle, lack luster, and do not conduct electricity |
Even though hydrogen is left of the jagged line, | it is always considered a nonmetal. |
metalloids | have some metallic properties and some nonmetal properties |
compounds | substances that can be decomposed into elements by chemical means |
the law of definite proportions | the proportion of elements in any compound is always the same |
the law of multiple proportions | if 2 elements combine to form different compounds, the ratio of masses of the second element that reacts with a fixed mass of the first element will be a simple, whole-number ratio |