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Honors Chemistry Ch1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | study of composition, structure, and properties of matter. Also the process that matter undergoes and the E changes that occur |
| 6 main branches of chemistry | *organic chemistry *inorganic chemistry *physical chemistry *analytical chemistry *biochemistry *Theatrical chemistry |
| organic chemistry | the study of most carbon containing compounds |
| oragnometallics | metal that is attached to an organic compound. *metal + organic compound |
| inorganic chemistry | the study of non-organic substances many of which are oraganometallics |
| physical chemistry | the study of the properties and changes of matter & their relation to energy |
| analytical chemistry | the identification of the components & composition of materials (matter) |
| Biochemistry | the study of substances & processes occurring in living things |
| Theoretical Chemistry | the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior. |
| chemical | any substance that has a definite composition |
| definite composition | pure substance |
| basic research | carried out for the sake of gaining and increasing knowledge |
| applied research | used to solve problems |
| technological development | typically involves the production and use of products that improve quality of life. |
| matter | anything that has mass and volume |
| volume | the amount of 3D space an object occupies |
| mass | a measure of the amount of matter |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element |
| element | * a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simple substances *made of 1 type of atom |
| compound | * substance that can be broken down * made of 2 or more atoms *chemically bonded |
| extensive properties | depends on the amount of matter that is present |
| extensive properties examples | volume, mass, and the amount of energy in a substance |
| intensive properties | depends on the type of matter present |
| intensive properties examples | boiling point, melting point, density, ability to conduct electricity, and the ability to transfer energy as heat |
| electrolysis of water | breaking down H20 into the original components. H2 + O2 |
| physical properties | a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity |
| physical properties examples | melting and boiling point |
| physical changes | a change in a substance that does not involve a change in identity of the substance |
| physical changes: examples | grinding, cutting, melting, boiling |
| Change of state | a physical change of a substance from one state to another |
| liquid | definite Volume, indefinite shape |
| solid | definite shape and definite volume |
| gas | Indefinite volume and indefinite shape |
| plasma | high temperature physical state where atoms lose most of their electrons |
| chemical properties | relates to substances ability to undergo changes that transform it into a new substance |
| chemical change | when one or more substances are converted into a new substance..... this changes the identity of the substance! |
| chemical change: examples | flammability and toxicity |
| reactants | the substances that react in chemical change |
| product | the substance that is formed by the chemical change |
| energy in changes can be found in the form of | light or heat |
| mixture | *blend of 2 or more kinds of matter *can usually be separated *mixed together physically |
| homogeneous mixture | solutions that are uniform in composition |
| what does uniform in composition mean | molecules spread throughout a mixture equally |
| heterogeneous mixture | mixtures that are NOT uniform in composition |
| pure substance | fixed composition, and is an element or compound |
| vertical columns on the periodic table | a group or family |
| which column contains elements with similar properties | Groups/vertical |
| horizontal columns | periods |
| metals definition | an element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity |
| metals: properties other than conductibility | most are solid at room temp. , malleable and ductile |
| malleable definition | can be hammered into sheets |
| ductile definition | can be drawn into fine wires |
| metals: examples | gold, copper, aluminum |
| nonmetals definition | an element that is a poor electrical and heat conductor |
| nonmetals: properties other than conductibility | many are gases and solids are brittle |
| nonmetals: examples | carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, iodine |
| metalloids definition | an element that has some qualities and properties of metals and some of nonmetals |
| metalloids: properties | semiconductors of heat and electricity, and all are solids at room temp. |
| noble gases definition | elements that are in group 18 of the periodic table |
| noble gases are generally reactive or nonreactive? | nonreactive |
| noble gases are the only elements that can what? | be found in their pure form in the nature |
Created by:
Ash233
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