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stratum basale
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A&P ch 6 skin
Memmlers 13th ed
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| stratum basale | Deepest layer of the epidermis; layer that produces new epidermal cells; stratum germinativum |
| keratin | Protein that thickens and protects the skin; makes up hair and nails. |
| uppermost layer of the epidermis | uppermost layer of the epidermis |
| exfoliation | Loss of cells from the surface of tissue, such as the skin. |
| dermis | True skin; deeper part of the skin. |
| dermal papillae | Portions of the dermis extend upward into the epidermis, allowing blood vessels to get closer to the superficial cells |
| subcutaneous layer | connective tissue membrane that the skin rests on sometimes referred to as the hypodermis or the superficial fascia |
| sebaceous glands | saclike in structure that produces sebum |
| sebum | Oily secretion that lubricates the skin; adj., sebaceous |
| sudoriferous glands | sweat glands, coiled, tubelike structures located in the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue |
| eccrine glands | sweat glands that regulate body temperature and vent sweat directly to the surface of the skin through a pore. |
| apocrine gland | sweat glands in armpits and groin that releases some cellular material along with its secretions. |
| ceruminous glands | glands in the ear canal that produce ear wax, |
| ciliary | glands at the edges of the eyelids |
| mammary glands | glands in the breaststhat produce milk |
| hair follicle | Sheath that encloses a hair. |
| shaft | The part of the hair that projects above the skin |
| root | The part of the hair below the skin |
| nail root. | growth region (nail matrix) located under the nail’s proximal end |
| nail bed | bed of epithelial tissue where remainder of the nail plate rests on |
| lunula | pale area at the nail’s proximal end |
| cuticle | an extension of the stratum corneum, seals the space between the nail plate and the skin above the root. |
| Melanin | the skin’s main pigment |
| albinism | hereditary disorder that impairs melanin production, resulting in a lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes |
| Vitiligo | patchy local blanching of skin to near whiteness, reflecting a regional defect in melanocyte action |
| Hemoglobin | pigment that carries oxygen in red blood cells |
| Flushing | diffuse redness caused by increased blood flow to the skin. |
| jaundice | A yellowish skin discoloration may be caused by excessive amounts of bile pigments, mainly bilirubin , in the blood |
| scar | Fibrous connective tissue that replaces normal tissues destroyed by injury or diseas |
| Dermatosis | general term referring to any skin disease. |
| lesion | Wound or local injury. |
| surface lesion | A surface lesion is often called a rash |
| erythema | Redness of the skin. |
| Macule | a spot that is neither raised nor depressed. |
| Papule | a firm, raised area of the skin |
| vesicle | a blister or small fluid filled sac |
| Pustule | a vesicle filled with pus |
| Excoriation | a scratch in the skin |
| Laceration | a rough, jagged wound made by tearing of the skin |
| Ulcer | a sore associated with disintegration and death of tissue |
| Fissure | a crack in the skin |
| Pressure ulcers | skin lesions that appear where the body rests on skin that covers bony projections, such as the spine, heel, elbow, or hip |
| Superficial burn 1st degree | involves the epidermis only. The skin is red and dry; there is minimal pain |
| Superficial partial thickness 2nd degree | involves the epidermis and a portion of the dermis |
| Deep partial thickness 3rd degree | involves the epidermis and the dermis. The tissue may be blistered with a weeping surface or dry because of sweat gland damage |
| Full thickness 3rd degree | involves the full skin and sometimes subcutaneous tissue and underlying tissues as well |
| Fourth degree burn | damage to skin and other structures below the skin such as muscle and bone |
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