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Physics
Modules #1-9 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Displacement | The change in an object's position |
| Vector quantity | A physical measurement that contains directional information |
| Scalar quantity | A physical measurement that does not contain directional information |
| Velocity | The time rate of change of an object's position |
| Speed | The time rate of change of the distance by an object |
| Instantaneous velocity | The velocity of an object at one moment in time |
| Average velocity | The velocity of an object over an extended period of time |
| Acceleration | The time rate of change of an object's velocity |
| Free Fall | The motion of an object when it is falling solely under the influence of gravity. |
| Terminal Velocity | The velocity a falling object has when, due to air resistance, its acceleration is reduced to zero. This is the maximum velocity a falling object subject to air resistance can achieve. |
| Two-dimensional Motion | Motion that occurs in a plane. |
| Parabolic motion | Motion that occurs when an object movies in two dimensions but has zero acceleration in one of those dimensions and a constant, non-zero acceleration in the other. |
| Friction | A force that opposes motion, resulting from the contact of two surfaces. |
| Newton's First Law (The Law of Inertia) | An object is motion (or at rest) will tend to stay in motion (or at rest) until it is acted upon by an outside force. |
| Newton's Second Law | When an object is acted on by one or more outside forces, the vector sum of those forces is equal to the mass of the object times the resulting acceleration vector. |
| Normal force | A force that results from the contact of two bodies and is perpendicular to the surface. |
| Kinetic friction | Friction that opposes motion once the motion has already started. |
| Static friction | Friction that opposes the initiation of motion. |
| Newton's Third Law | For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
| Translational equilibrium | An object is said to be in translational equilibrium when the sum of the forces acting on it is equal to zero. |
| Static equilibrium | When an object is at rest, it is said to be in static equilibrium. |
| Dynamic equilibrium | When an object moves with a constant velocity, it is said to be in dynamic equilibrium. |
| Tension | The force from a tight string, rope, or chain. This force is directed away from the object to which the string, rope, or chain is anchored. |
| Translational motion | Motion from one point to another which does not involve repeatedly passing the same point in space. |
| Rotational motion | Motion around a central axis such that an object could repeatedly pass the same point in space relative to that axis. |
| Lever arm | The length of an imaginary line drawn from the axis of rotation to the point at which the force is being applied. |
| Torque | The tendency of a force to cause rotational acceleration. The magnitude of the torque is equal to the length of the lever arm times the component of the force that is applied perpendicular to it. |
| Rotational equilibrium | The state in which the sum of the torque acting on an object is zero. |
| Centripetal force | The force necessary to make an object move in a circle. It is directed towards the center of the circle. |
| Centripetal acceleration | The acceleration caused by centripetal force. |
| Gravity | The attractive force that exists between all objects which have mass. |
| Period (T) | The time it takes for an object in uniform circular motion to travel through one full circle. |
| Frequency | The number of times per second an object in uniform circular motion travels around the circle. |
| Energy | The ability to do work. |
| Work | The product of the displacement of an object and the component of the applied force that is parallel to the displacement. |
| Potential energy | Energy that is stored, ready to do work. |
| Kinetic energy | Energy in motion. |
| The First Law of Thermodynamics | Energy cannot be created or destroyed. it can only change form. |
| Mechanical energy | Energy associated with the movement (or potential movement) of objects. |
| Chemical energy | Energy associated with the chemical bonds of a molecule. |
| Electrical energy | Energy associated with the motion (or potential motion) of charged particles. |
| Heat | Energy that is transferred from one object to another as a result of a difference in temperature. |
| Law of Momentum Conservation | When the sum of the forces working on a system is zero, the total momentum in the system cannot change. |
| Recoil velocity | The velocity that an object develops in response to launching another object, which is a result of the Law of Momentum Conservation. |
| Angular velocity | The rate at which the position angle of an object changes in rotational motion. |
| Law of Angular Momentum Conservation | If the sum of the torques on a system is equal to zero, the angular momentum never changes. |
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MoatGoat12
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