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willieb
exam study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| study of the composition and structure of materials and the changes that materials undergo best describes the science of.. | chemistry |
| applied research is.. | carried out to solve a problem |
| the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties, changes, and relationships between energy and matter is.. | physical chemistry |
| a physical property may be investigated by.. | melting ice |
| basic research is.. | carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge |
| two features that distinguish matter are.. | mass and volume |
| which of the following is an intensive physical property? | color |
| which is NOT a property of metals? | unreactivity |
| the most useful source of chemical information about the elements is a.. | periodic table |
| the elements that border the zigzag line in the periodic table are.. | metalliods |
| quantitative observations are recorded using.. | numerical information |
| a testable statement used for making predictions and carrying out further experiments is a.. | hypothesis |
| standards are chosen because they.. | are reproducible in another laboratory. |
| the metric unit for length that is closest to the thickness of a dime is the.. | millimeter |
| a change in the force of Earth's gravity on an object will affect its.. | weight |
| poor precision in the scientific measurement may arise from.. | both human error and the limitations of the measuring instrument. |
| in division and multiplication, the answer must not have more significant figures than the.. | number in the calculation with the fewest significant figures. |
| the number of significant figures in the measurement 210 cm is.. | 2 |
| divide 5.7m by 2m. the quotient is correctly reported as.. | 3 m |
| if some measurements agree closely byt differ widely from the actual value, these measurements are.. | precise, but not accurate |
| who was the schoolmaster who studied chemistry and proposed an atomic theory? | John Dalton |
| who discovered the nucleus by bombarding gold foil with positively charged particles? | Rutherford |
| experiments with cathode rays led to the discovery of the.. | electron |
| organic chemistry is the study of.. | carbon containing compounds |
| the smallest unit of an element that can exist alone or in combination with other such particles is an.. | atom |
| nickel-60 has.. | 32 neutrons |
| the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is its.. | mass number |
| which of the following processes always decreases the number of protons by an even number? | alpha decay |
| gamma rays are.. | electromagnetic waves |
| what are often used to monitor the approximate radiation exposure of people working with radioactive materials? | film badges |
| for electromagnetic radiation, c (speed of light) equals | frequency times wavelength |
| one of the wave properties of electromagnetic radiation, such as light, is.. | frequency |
| a quantum of electromagnetic energy is called a.. | photon |
| Max Planck proposed that a hot object radiated energy in small, specific amounts called.. | quanta |
| the emission of electrons from metals that have absorbed photons is called the.. | photoelectric effect |
| the French scientist Louis de Broglie believed.. | electrons could have a dual wave-particle nature. |
| the part of the atom where an electrons CANNOT be found is the.. | nucleus |
| a three-dimensional region around a nucleus where an electron may be found in called a(n).. | orbital |
| the number of orbitals for the d sublevel is.. | 5 |
| the main energy level that can hold only two electrons is the.. | first |
| elements in a group of column in the periodic table can be expected to have similiar.. | properties |
| Mendeleev predicted that the spaces in his periodic table represented.. | undiscovered elements |
| argon, krypton, and xenon are.. | noble gases |
| one-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together is called the.. | atomic radius |
| the person whose work led to a periodic table based on increasing atomic number was.. | Moseley |
| the most reactive group of nonmetals are the.. | halogens |
| the energy required to remove an electron from an atom is the atom's.. | ionization energy |
| a positive ion is known as a(n).. | cation |
| a negative ion is known as a(n).. | anion |
| in a row (going across) in the periodic table, as the atomic number increases, the atomic radius.. | decreases |
| a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together is called a(n).. | chemical bond |
| atoms are ____ when they are combined. | more stable |
| the chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons is called a(n).. | covalent bond |
| if two covalently bonded atoms are identical, the bond is.. | nonpolar covalent |
| if the atoms that share electrons have an unequal attraction for the electrons, the bond is called.. | polar |
| a covalent bond results when ____ are shared. | electrons |
| a neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds is a.. | molecule |
| an octet is equal to.. | 8 |
| which of the following is NOT a property of an ionic compound? | low boiling point |
| the electron-sea model of bonding represents.. | metallic bonding |
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