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truma details
| Question | Answer | Feedback |
|---|---|---|
| Which of the following terms refers to the size of a projectile? (A) Caliber (B) Gauge (C) Rifling (D) All of the above | (A) Caliber | pp. 279–282 |
| Which of the following calibers is the largest diameter of a bullet? (A) 0.22 (B) .30-‘06 (C) 9 mm (D) 0.45 | (D) 0.45 | pp. 280–281 |
| Which of the following projectiles cause the most damage when impacting the human body? (A) Hollow-points (B) Bullets with full-metal jacket (C) Semi-jacketed bullets (D) All of the above | (A) Hollow-points | pp. 281–282 |
| Which of the following basic concepts of ammunition and firearms needs to be understood by forensic anthropologists? (A) Size (B) Bullet construction (C) Projectile velocity (D) All of the above | (D) All of the above | pp. 279–282 |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of a projectile exit wound in bone? (A) Inward beveling (B) Outward beveling (C) Round shape (D) All of the above | (B) Outward beveling | pp. 283–289 |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of a projectile entrance wound in bone? (A) Inward beveling (B) Oval shape (C) Round shape (D) All of the above | (D) All of the above | pp. 283–289 |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of a wound to bone caused by a grazing bullet? (A) Oval shape (B) Outward beveling (C) Keyhole shape (D) None of the above | (C) Keyhole shape | p. 283–289 |
| Which of the following bullet sizes would cause an entrance wound smaller than that caused by a 0.22 caliber bullet? (A) 0.22 (B) 0.25 (C) 0.38 (D) 0.44 | (B) 0.25 | p. 290 |
| Which of the following fracture lines is likely to occur in a skull? (A) Butterfly (B) Radiating (C) Irregular (D) All of the above | (B) Radiating | pp. 288–289 |
| A butterfly fracture is most likely to appear on which of the following bones? (A) Skull (B) Femur (C) Vertebrae (D) All of the above | (B) Femur | pp. 288–289 |
| Which of the following sizes is most likely caused by a 0.22 caliber bullet? (A) 0.27 (B) 0.26 (C) 0.34 (D) 0.43 | (A) 0.27 | p. 290 |
| Which of the following characteristics of a wound indicates that the causative projectile was probably jacketed? (A) Shattered bone (B) Irregular exit wound (C) Circular exit wound (D) All of the above | (C) Circular exit wound | p. 291 |
| In cases of multiple projectile wounds, which of the following characteristics of fracture lines from a wound indicates that it was the first wound to occur? (A) Fracture line does not end at another fracture line (B) Fracture line ends at another fracture line (C) Fracture line radiates outward from exit wound (D) All of the above | (A) Fracture line does not end at another fracture line | pp. 292–293 |
| Which of the following characteristics of pellet wounds should forensic anthropologists note for use by ballistics experts? (A) Placement of pellets in the body (B) Placement of bone indentations caused by pellets (C) Retrieval of pellets from around the body (D) All of the above | (A) Placement of pellets in the body | pp. 294 |
| Which of the following could cause projectile wounds to bone? (A) Arrows (B) Crossbow bolts (C) Tear gas canisters (D) All of the above | (D) All of the above | pp. 294–295 |
| Which of the following types of firearms cause bone trauma that contain the least amount of information? (A) Rifles (B) Hand guns (C) Shotguns (D) All of the above | (C) Shotguns | p. 279 |
| More than one projectile wound indicates homicide as the only manner of death. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | pp. 295–298 |
| There are many pitfalls in the determination of cause and manner of death. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | pp. 295–298 |
| Gauge refers to the size of projectiles expelled from firearms. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | pp. 279–281 |
| Jacketed bullets are less likely to deform on impact than a hollow-point bullet. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | pp. 281–28 |
| Generally projectiles will cause an entry wound and, in some cases, an exit wound. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 282 |
| Internal beveling is a characteristic of an entrance wound due to projectiles (bullets). (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 284 |
| External beveling and large size are the usual characteristics of an exit wound due to projectiles (e.g., bullets). (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 284 |
| Oval wounds result when projectiles impact a bone’s surface at a 90° angle. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | p. 285 |
| Keyhole wounds are common when a bullet exists a bone. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | p. 286 |
| Entrance wounds are more often irregular in shape than exit wounds. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | pp. 284–286 |
| Radiating fracture lines can occur both in entrance and exit wounds. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | pp. 288–289 |
| When analyzing a projectile wound, forensic anthropologists should start with a description of the wound. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 289 |
| The size of entrance wounds are, on the average, the same as their calibers. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | p. 290 |
| The direction of fire sometimes can be seen by passing a probe through the entrance and exit wounds. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | pp. 291–292 |
| With multiple projectile wounds, an estimation of their sequence should be attempted. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | pp. 292–293 |
| Generally, forensic anthropologists should do the same analysis of pellet wounds as they do when working with other projectile wounds. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | p. 294 |
| There is a wide variety of projectiles that can cause bone trauma and death. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | pp. 294–295 |
| Which of the following is helpful in determining cause and manner of death in projectile wounds? (A) Location of wounds (B) Severity of wounds (C) Path of projectile (D) All of the above | (D) All of the above | pp. 295–298 |
| Blunt force trauma can result from many sources, including clubs, auto collisions, and falls from high places. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 300 |
| A Le Forte 1 fracture guides around which facial buttress? (A) Alveolar ridges (B) Nasofrontal process (C) Malar eminence (D) All of the above | (A) Alveolar ridges | p. 306 |
| Which of the following fractures to the cranial vault are most likely to occur in older persons? (A) Inner table fracture (B) Plug formation (C) Crushing of the diploe (D) Inner table crushing | (B) Plug formation | p. 305 |
| Which of the following fractures or infractions is caused by excessive torsion applied to a bone? (A) Transverse fracture (B) Spiral fracture (C) Comminuted fracture (D) Epiphyseal fracture | (B) Spiral fracture | pp. 303–304 |
| Which of the following fractures or infractions involve the ends of long bones? (A) Transverse fracture (B) Spiral fracture (C) Comminuted fracture (D) Epiphyseal fracture | (D) Epiphyseal fracture | pp. 303–304 |
| Which of the following fractures or infractions involve shattering of a bone into multiple pieces? (A) Transverse fracture (B) Spiral fracture (C) Comminuted fracture (D) Epiphyseal fracture | (C) Comminuted fracture | pp. 303–304 |
| Which of the following fractures or infractions involves compression along the long axis of a bone? (A) Bow fracture (B) Greenstick fracture (C) Toddler’s fracture (D) Depressed fracture | (A) Bow fracture | pp. 303–304 |
| Which of the following fractures or infractions involve an incomplete spiral or oblique fracture? (A) Bow fracture (B) Greenstick fracture (C) Toddler’s fracture (D) Depressed fracture | (C) Toddler’s fracture | pp. 303–304 |
| Which of the following fractures or infractions involve an incomplete transverse fracture? (A) Bow fracture (B) Greenstick fracture (C) Toddler’s fracture (D) Depressed fracture | (B) Greenstick fracture | pp. 303–304 |
| A facial fracture that has characteristics of all Le Forte fractures guide around which facial buttress? (A) Alveolar ridges (B) Nasofrontal process (C) Malar eminence (D) All of the above | (D) All of the above | p. 306 |
| A fracture line that originates at the superior border of the eye and travels posteriorly and superior to the temporal line is being influenced by which two cranial vault buttresses? (A) Midfrontal and Anterior temporal (B) Anterior temporal and Midoccipital (C) Midoccipital and Posterior temporal (D) All of the above | (A) Midfrontal and Anterior temporal | p. 306 |
| Which aspect of wound analysis may involve fitting an instrument into traumatic injuries due to blunt force? (A) Estimation of size (B) Estimation of shape (C) Estimation of direction (D) Estimation of energy | (B) Estimation of shape | pp. 309–317 |
| Which aspect of wound analysis involves noting the amount of damage to bones exhibiting blunt force trauma? (A) Estimation of size (B) Estimation of shape (C) Estimation of direction (D) Estimation of energy | (D) Estimation of energy | pp. 309–317 |
| Which aspect of wound analysis involves counting the number of blunt trauma impact sites on a skeleton? (A) Estimation of size (B) Estimation of number (C) Estimation of direction (D) Estimation of energy | (B) Estimation of number | pp. 309–317 |
| Which aspect of wound analysis involves tracing the fracture lines from points of impact? (A) Estimation of size (B) Estimation of shape (C) Estimation of sequence (D) Estimation of number | (C) Estimation of sequence | pp. 309–317 |
| Which aspect of wound analysis involves noting which side of the victim exhibits blunt force trauma? (A) Estimation of size (B) Estimation of shape (C) Estimation of direction (D) Estimation of energy | (C) Estimation of direction | pp. 309–317 |
| Which aspect of wound analysis involves measuring the dimensions of a wound caused by blunt forces? (A) Estimation of size (B) Estimation of shape (C) Estimation of direction (D) Estimation of energy | (A) Estimation of size | pp. 309–317 |
| Which of the following types of fractures caused by blunt forces can occur in long bones? (A) Transverse fractures (B) Comminuted fractures (C) Butterfly fractures (D) All of the above | (D) All of the above | p. 309, see Figure 13.10 |
| A fracture line that originates at the zygomatic bone and travels posteriorly along the squamosal suture is being influenced by which two cranial vault buttresses? (A) Midfrontal and Anterior temporal (B) Anterior temporal and Posterior temporal (C) Midoccipital and Posterior temporal (D) All of the above | (B) Anterior temporal and Posterior temporal | p. 306 |
| Which of the following characteristics of instruments that could cause blunt force trauma should be of concern to forensic anthropologist? (A) All of the above (B) Size (C) Shape (D) Weight | (A) All of the above | pp. 300–303 |
| Blunt force injuries to the top of the skull are indicative of homicide. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | p. 318 |
| A ring fracture is a type of fracture that occurs on the face. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | pp. 307–308 |
| In the face, fracture lines usually appear between the three buttresses: malar eminence, nasofrontal process, and alveolar ridges. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 306 |
| In the skull, blunt force trauma causes both inbending and outbending of the vault bones. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 305 |
| Transverse fracture is a type of infraction. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | p. 304 |
| According to Alison Galloway, there are at least seven different types of infractions. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 303 |
| Generally, heavy objects swung against bone can cause catastrophic injuries to bone. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 303 |
| The shape of an object can be readily told from wounds resulting from blunt force trauma. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | p. 301 |
| The length of an object can be readily told from wounds resulting from blunt force trauma. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | p. 300 |
| The buttresses of the cranial vault are: midfrontal, anterior temporal, midoccipital, and posterior temporal. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 306 |
| The edges of bone in ring fractures to the skull base include both inward and outward beveling. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | pp. 307–308 |
| Determining cause and manner of death in cases of blunt force trauma is as difficult as that for projectile trauma. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 318 |
| Repeated blows to the same area of a bone (e.g., skull) cannot be determined from characteristics of the fracture. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | pp. 314–316 |
| Forensic anthropologists should attempt to determine the number and sequence of events causing blunt force trauma. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | pp. 314–316 |
| When estimating the energy of the instrument causing blunt force trauma, forensic anthropologists must consider both weight and speed. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 314 |
| Estimating the direction of the instrument that caused blunt force trauma is the hardest aspect of wound analysis to determine. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | p. 313 |
| In some cases, the shape of the instrument causing blunt force trauma can be easily seen, as when a person is hit with a hammer. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | pp. 310–313 |
| Forensic anthropologists should attempt to estimate the size and shape of an instrument that causes blunt force trauma. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | pp. 309–313 |
| Butterfly fractures occur only in long bones. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | p. 309 |
| Which of the following causes of death is possible in cases of blunt force trauma? (A) Homicide (B) Suicide (C) Accident (D) All of the above | (D) All of the above | p. 318 |
| Sharp trauma is the result of dynamic compression forces applied to a narrow section of bone. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 320 |
| Which of the following wounds resulting from sharp force trauma are most likely caused by a slashing action? (A) Puncture (B) Incision (C) Cleft (D) All of the above | (B) Incision | p. 322–327 |
| Which of the following wounds resulting from sharp force trauma are most likely caused by a chopping instrument? (A) Puncture (B) Incision (C) Cleft (D) All of the above | (C) Cleft | pp. 322–327 |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of a puncture wound? (A) Cone-shaped injury penetrating bone (B) V-shaped lines (C) V-shaped notches (D) All of the above | (A) Cone-shaped injury penetrating bone | p. 322 |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of an incision? (A) Cone-shaped injury penetrating bone (B) V-shaped lines (C) V-shaped notches (D) All of the above | (B) V-shaped lines | p. 322 |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of a cleft? (A) Cone-shaped injury penetrating bone (B) V-shaped lines (C) V-shaped notches (D) All of the above | (C) V-shaped notches | p. 326 |
| Which of the following instruments can be identified by a well-trained forensic anthropologist by viewing the characteristics of a cleft? (A) Meat cleaver (B) Machete (C) Ax (D) All of the above | (D) All of the above | p. 326 |
| Which of the following characteristics of clefts should forensic anthropologists explore? (A) Width of entry site (B) Depth of penetration (C) Striations (D) All of the above | (D) All of the above | p . 326 |
| Which of the following aspects of wound analysis involve noting the type of injury(s), their location on bone, and their size? (A) Description of wound(s) (B) Instrument characteristics (C) Direction of force (D) Number of events | (A) Description of wound(s) | pp. 327–330 |
| Which of the following aspects of wound analysis involve recreating the traumatic event(s)? (A) Description of wound(s) (B) Instrument characteristics (C) Direction of force (D) Number of events | (D) Number of events | pp. 327–330 |
| Which of the following aspects of wound analysis involve analysis of fracture lines? (A) Instrument characteristics (B) Direction of force (C) Number of events (D) Sequence of events | (D) Sequence of events | pp. 327–330 |
| Which of the following methods of strangulation is most likely associated with homicide? (A) Hanging (B) Ligature (C) Manual strangulation (D) All of the above | (C) Manual strangulation | pp. 332–334 |
| Which of the following methods of strangulation is most likely to result in fracture of the hyoid bone? (A) Hanging (B) Ligature (C) Manual strangulation (D) All of the above | (C) Manual strangulation | pp. 332–334 |
| Which of the following methods of strangulation can result in fracture of the greater horns of the hyoid bone? (A) Hanging (B) Ligature (C) Manual strangulation (D) All of the above | (D) All of the above | pp. 332–334 |
| Which of the following miscellaneous methods of death may be able to be identified from bone? (A) Drowning (B) Slow poisoning (C) Infection (D) All of the above | (B) Slow poisoning | p. 334 |
| Which of the following wounds resulting from sharp force trauma are most likely caused by stabbing? (A) Puncture (B) Incision (C) Cleft (D) All of the above | (A) Puncture | pp. 322–327 |
| Blast trauma can be distinguished from other forms of trauma by the lack of a point of impact. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | pp. 330–332 |
| Facture lines do not occur with sharp force trauma. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | p. 322 |
| Punctures are created by a sharp instrument drawn across a bone’s surface. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | pp. 322–323 |
| Incisions are created by a sharp instrument drawn across a bone’s surface. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | pp. 323–32 |
| Clefts are created by a sharp instrument impacting a bone’s surface at a, or near, 90° angle. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 324 |
| Clefts caused by a meat cleaver, machete and ax are indistinguishable from each other. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | p. 326 |
| Research has shown that the general type of weapon causing sharp force wounds can be determined by viewing their characteristics using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 327 |
| When analyzing sharp force trauma, forensic anthropologists should explore many of the same aspects of wound analysis as in projectile and blunt force trauma. | (A) True | pp. 327–330 |
| The direction of force is easy to determine in the analysis of sharp force trauma. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | p. 329 |
| Determination of the number of sharp force traumatic events is complicated by the fact that some events do not cause bone injuries. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | pp. 329–330 |
| If there is extensive fracturing with multiple traumatic events, the methods described in earlier chapters can be used to determine their sequence. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 330 |
| Strangulation can occur in hanging, by a ligature around the neck, and by hand compression of the throat. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 296 |
| In cases of strangulation, the hyoid is easily fractured in young persons. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | pp. 332–334 |
| Ligature is the most common form of strangulation that causes fracture of the hyoid bone. (A) True (B) False | (B) False | p. 333 |
| Determining the cause and manner of death in strangulation is as difficult as it is for projectile and blunt force trauma. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 334 |
| Blast trauma is characterized by: (A) Comminuted fracturing (B) Decapitations (C) Dismemberments (D) All of the above | (D) All of the above | pp. 330–332 |
| Projectile trauma has such distinct wounding characteristics it deserves a category of its own. (A) True (B) False | (A) True | p. 279 |
Created by:
mbelmaker