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Caitlin Chemistry
Exam Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The indentification of the components and composition of materials. | Analytical Chemistry |
| Research carried out for the sake of gaining knowledge, such as how and why a specific reaction occurs and what the properties of a substance are. | Basic Research |
| A substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Each is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemnically bonded. | Compound |
| Properties that depend on the amount of matter that is present. | Extensive Properties |
| Matter in what state has a definite volume but an indefinite state? | Liquid |
| Mixtures that are uniform in composition. Also called solutions | Homogeneous |
| A substance's ability to undergo changes that transform into different substances. | Chemical Property |
| The closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity measured. | Accuracy |
| A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances. | Chemical change |
| A specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment or observation | System |
| The transformation of a substance or substances into one or more new substances | Chemical Reaction |
| States that mass is neither created nor destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions or physical changes | Law of conservation of mass |
| Forces that hold nuclear particles together | Nuclear Forces |
| Number of protons of each atom of that element | Atomic number |
| Atoms of the same element that have different masses | Isotopes |
| The sponaneous disintegration of a nucleus into a slightly lighter nucleus, accompanied by emission of particles, electromagnetic radiation, or both. | Radioactive Decay |
| Particles or electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus during radioactive decay. | Nuclear Radiation |
| The time required for half the atoms of a radioactive nuclide to decay. | Half-Life |
| The total number of protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus of an isotope. | Mass Number |
| The weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occuring isotopes of an element | Average Atomic Mass |
| Two quantities are ? to each other if their product is constant | Inversely Proportional |
| A measurement consists of all the digits known with certainty plus one final digit, which is somewhat uncertain or estimated | Significant Figures |
| Calculated by subtracting the accepted value from the experimental value, dividing the difference by the accepted value, then multiplying by 100. | Percentage Error |
| The closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value of the quantity measured | Accuracy |
| The ratio of mass to volume, or mass divided by volume | Density |
| Standards are chosen because they...? | are reproducible in another laboratory |
| The SI base unit for time is the.... | Second |
| A change in the force of Earth's gravity on an object will affect it's...? | Weight |
| A testable statement used for making predictions and carrying out further experiments is a ... | Hypothesis |
| The quantities that must be measured to determine density are... | Volume and mass |
| For electromagnetic Radiation, C (The speed of light) equals..? | Frequency times wavelength |
| The wave model of light did not explain... | The photoelectric effect |
| In SI, the frequency of electromegnetic radiation is measured in... | Hertz |
| For an electron in an atom to change from the ground state to an excited state... | Energy must be absorbed |
| The main energy levels of an atom are indicated by the | Principal Quantum Numbers (1st) |
| How many electrons can occupy the S orbitals at each energy level? | Two, if they have opposite spins |
| The statement that an electron occupies the lowest available energy orbital | the Aufbau Principle |
| A thre-dimensional region around a nucleus where an electron may be found | Orbital |
| The quantum number that indicates the orbital within the sublevel | Magnetic Quantum Number (3rd) |
| The French scientist Louis de Broglie believed | Electrons could have a dual wave-particle nature |
| What are the radioactive elements with atomic numbers from 90 to 103 in the periodic table? | The Actinides |
| Mendeleev attempted to organize the chemical elements based on their | Properties |
| One-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together | Atomic Radius |
| The principle that states that the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic functions is | The Periodic Law |
| The person whose work led to a periodic table based on increasing atomic number was | Moseley |
| The discovery of the noble gases changed Mendeleev's periodic table by adding a new | Group |
| The most characteristic property of the noble gases is that they | Are largely unreactive |
| The elements that border the zigzag line in the periodic table are | Metalloids |
| The most reactive group of the nonmentals are the | Halogens |
| The group of 14 elements in the sixth period that have 4f orbitals is the | Lanthanides |
| A mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together | Chemical Bond |
| A nuetral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds is a | Molecule |
| Shows the types and numbers of atoms joined in a single molecule of a molecular compound | Molecular formula |
| Most chemical bonds are | Partly ionic and partly covalent |
| What principle states that atoms tend to form compounds so that each atom can have eight electrons in its outermost energy level? | Octet Rule |
| The chemical formula for water, a covalent compound, is H2O. This formula is an example of...? | Molecular formula |
| The electron-sea model of bonding represents... | Metallic Bonding |
| Malleability and ductility are characteristic of substances with...? | Metallic Bonds |
| A covalent bond results when ______ are shared | Electrons |
| If the atoms that share electrons have an unequal attraction for the electrons, the bond is called... | Polar |
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CaitlinM
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