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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Many adolescents learn about sex from . | the media |
| .Web sites are often frightening (), mesmerizing (), or misleading (). | featuring pictures of diseased organs, pornography, offering false information about contraception |
| Around the world, there are cultural and gender norms about | what are acceptable expressions of physical affection among friends during adolescence. |
| sex education begins | at home. |
| Every study finds that parental communication influences adolescents’ behavior, and | many programs of sex education explicitly require parental participation |
| Many parents underestimate their own child’s sexual activity while | fearing that the child’s social connections are far too sexual |
| Young women aged 15 to 24 chosen tell that only ___ percent of adolescents receive any sex education from either parent | 25 |
| communication about the sexual aspects of romance are | rare between parents and children |
| between parent and child detailed conversations emphasis about sex is about | pregnancy and diseases, not on pleasure and intimacy |
| Especially when parents are silent, forbidding, or vague, adolescent sexual behavior is strongly influenced by | peers |
| parents present morals and facts to adolescents, yet teen behavior is driven by | social norms and emotions |
| Sexual behavior does not spring from | the prefrontal cortex: Knowing how and why to use a condom does not guarantee a careful, wise choice when passions run high |
| effective sex education must engage emotions more than logic, and it should include | role-playing with other teens, with required parental discussion |
| adults in your community never talk to their children about sex or puberty. Is that a mistake | |
| Most educators and developmentalists agree that sex education should | begin earlier than it does and should convey more practical information |
| One review reports that although sex education is part of the school curriculum in 49 of the 50 states, the emphasis is still on | abstinence and male–female marriage. Only eight states mandate that sex education be medically accurate |
| when parents are harsh or neglectful, peer support can be | crucial |
| adults seem clueless about biological and social stresses of puberty and | Peer pressure |
| Sexual orientation refers to the direction of a person’s | erotic desires |
| Girls Together are comfortable lying | close to one another. |
| Sex education from teachers varies dramatically by | nation |
| European nations includes information about | masturbation, same-sex romance, oral and anal sex, and specific uses and failures of various methods of contraception |
| Rates of teenage pregnancy in most European nations are | less than half of those in the United States |
| Within the United States, the timing and content of sex education vary by | state and community |
| Some high schools provide comprehensive education, free condoms, and medical treatment; others provide | nothing |
| Because of the HIV/AIDS crisis, most adolescents (95 percent) receive sex education in school but content and timing | limit effectiveness. |
| Students listen to their peers who have already begun sexual activity, and they consult | the Internet more than they listen to teachers of a school curriculum. |
| Emotions are as crucial as ___in sex education | facts |
| One controversy has been whether sexual abstinence should be taught as | the only acceptable strategy |
| compared to more comprehensive sex education, students in abstinence-only classes are more likely to | contract STIs |
| abstaining from sex (including oral and anal sex) prevents | STIs avoids pregnancy, but longitudinal data on abstinence-only education, four to six years after adolescents were taught, find that it does more harm than good |
| vocal minority within state legislatures (almost never including parents of adolescents) blocks | evidence-based sex education |
| We need to differentiate between pathology and normal moodiness, between behavior that is seriously troubled versus | merely unsettling. Sometimes sadness and anger become intense, chronic, even deadly |
| China also finds a dip in self-esteem at seventh grade (when many Chinese adolescents experience puberty) and then | a gradual rise |
| Latinas with high familism become increasingly helpful at home, which makes their parents appreciative and them proud, unlike | other U.S. teenage girls |
| some families expect high achievement for every adolescent, and then teens are quick to criticize | themselves and everyone else when any sign of failure appears |
| The danger is perfectionism is When a teenager realizes that | it is impossible to be perfect, depression may result |
| Feelings of hopelessness, lethargy, and worthlessness that last two weeks or more. | major depression |
| rate of serious depression more than doubles during this time, to an estimated 15 percent, affecting about one in five girls and one in ten boys, for many reasons, biological (hormonal) and cultural | 15 percent, affecting about 1/5 girls and 1/10 boys, for biological (hormonal) and cultural reasons |
| transporter promoter gene | (5-HTTLPR) |
| short allele of the serotonin transporter promoter gene increased the rate of | depression among girls everywhere but increased depression among boys only if they lived in low-SES communities |
| Repeatedly thinking and talking about past experiences; can contribute to depression | rumination |
| when rumination occurs with a close friend after a stressful event, the friend’s support may | be helpful. This is one reason girls are less likely to die by suicide. Differential susceptibility again |
| suicidal ideation is Thinking about suicide, usually with | some serious emotional and intellectual or cognitive overtones. |
| parasuicide is Any potentially lethal action against the self that | does not result in death. (Also called attempted suicide or failed suicide.) |
| Depression and parasuicide are more common in girls but boys rates have three reasons to suspect the rates for boys are | underestimated |
| (1) Boys tend to be less aware of their emotions than girls are; (2) boys consider it unmanly to try to kill themselves and to fail; and (3) completed suicide is also higher | in males than in females. |
| annual rate of completed suicide for people aged 15 to 19 is less than 8 per 100,000 percent, which is only | half the rate for adults aged 20 and older |
| whenever someone claims that adolescent suicide is “epidemic.” It is | not |
| Like low self-esteem and suicidal ideation, bouts of anger are common in | adolescence |
| a moody adolescent could be both depressed and delinquent because | externalizing and internalizing behavior are closely connected during these years |
| Teenagers jailed for assault (externalizing) are higher | suicide risks (internalizing) than adult prisoners |
| Externalizing actions are obvious. Many adolescents | slam doors, curse parents, and tell friends exactly how badly other teenagers (or siblings or teachers) have behaved |
| Since teenagers seek admiration from their peers, be careful not to glorify a suicide victim’s life or death. Facts are needed, as is, | inclusion of warning signs that were missed or cautions about alcohol abuse. Avoid prominent headlines or anything that might encourage another teenager to do the same thing. |
| psychologists, teachers, and parents are quite happy with | well-behaved, considerate teenagers, who often become happy adults |
| adults who had never been arrested usually | earned degrees, “held high-status jobs, and expressed optimism about their own futures” |
| Determining accurate gender, ethnic, and income differences in actual lawbreaking, not just in arrests, is | complex |
| Brain immaturity makes them less likely to consider long-term consequences, and they may prioritize | protecting family members, defending friends, and pleasing adults — including the police |
| Few delinquent youths who are not imprisoned continue to be | criminals in early adulthood |
| The best way to reduce adolescent crime is to notice early behavior that predicts lawbreaking and to | change patterns before puberty |
| Strong and protective social relationships, emotional regulation, and moral values from childhood keep many teenagers | from jail |
| three signs predict delinquency | |
| Stubbornness, shoplifting and Bullying | can lead to defiance, which can lead to running away. Runaways are often victims as well as criminals (e.g., falling in with human traffickers and petty thieves) |
| Bullying can lead to | assault, rape, and murder. |
| Shoplifting can lead to arson and burglary. Things become more important than | people |
| Stubbornness responds to | social support — the rebel who feels understood, not punished, will gradually become less impulsive and irrational. |
| Shoplifting response to | strengthening human relationships and moral education |
| Those who exhibit the third behavior present the most serious problem. Bullying should have been stopped in childhood, and these adolescents need to | develop other ways to connect with people |
| crime in the United States and many other nations has ___ in the past 20 years. | decreased |
| adolescents remain more likely to break the law than | adults |
| arrest rate for 15- to 17-year-olds is twice that for those | Over 18 |
| fraud, forgery, and embezzlement, which fewer ____ commit | adolescents |
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