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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Puberty entails transformation of ____ with each change affecting all of the others. | every body part |
| nutrition | What fuels biological growth |
| the growth spurt is | The first set of changes is a sudden, uneven jump in size that turns children into adults |
| Growth proceeds from the ___ to the ___ (the opposite of the earlier proximodistal growth). | extremities, core |
| fingers and toes lengthen before __&__; __&___before arms and legs, arms and legs before the torso. | hands and feet, hands and feet |
| A growth spurt is relatively sudden and rapid physical growth that occurs during puberty. Each body part increases | in size on a schedule: Weight usually precedes height, and growth of the limbs precedes growth of the torso |
| The sequence of growth spurt is | Weight, Height, Muscles |
| boys, doubling in strength from | age 8 to 18 |
| ___ develop longer and stronger legs during puberty. | Both sexes |
| Lungs triple in weigh and adolescents breathe | more deeply and slowly. |
| Both weight and height increase before | muscles and internal organs grow |
| The heart (another muscle) doubles in size as the heartbeat | slows, decreasing the pulse rate while increasing blood pressure. Consequently, endurance improves: Some teenagers run for miles or dance for hours. Red blood cells increase, dramatically so in boys, which aids oxygen transport during intense exercise |
| Red blood cells increase, dramatically which aids | oxygen transport during intense exercise |
| Sports injuries are the most common school accidents, and they increase at puberty because | height spurt precedes increases in bone mass, making young adolescents particularly vulnerable to fractures |
| lymphoid system (which includes the tonsils and adenoids), decreases in size, so teenagers have | less respiratory ailments, Mild asthma switches off at puberty, fewer colds and allergies, larynx, deepens the voice, |
| skin, becomes oilier, sweatier, and more prone to acne. | During puberty |
| Hair also changes, becoming coarser and darker. New hair grows under arms, on faces | During puberty |
| changes of puberty depend on adequate nourishment, yet many adolescents do not | eat well |
| eating patterns is that their hormones affect the circadian rhythm of their | appetites |
| Deficiencies of iron, calcium, zinc, and other minerals are especially common during | adolescence |
| school grades lower among those who were | iron-deficient |
| Muscles need iron for growth and strength. The cutoff for iron-deficiency anemia is higher for | boys than for girls because boys require more iron to be healthy |
| About half of adult bone mass is acquired from ages _to_ , which means that many contemporary teenagers will develop osteoporosis (fragile bones) | 10 to 20 |
| one teenager in four is overweight or obese | 1/4 |
| teenagers tend to focus on and exaggerate imperfections | In body image |
| A person’s idea of how his or her body looks. | body image |
| Dissatisfaction with body image is depressing also dangerous because teenagers eat erratically and | take diet pills or steroids to change their bodies |
| Eating disorders increase dramatically at puberty, accompanied by | distorted body image, food obsession, and depression |
| An eating disorder characterized by self-starvation. Affected individuals voluntarily undereat and often overexercise, depriving their vital organs of nutrition. Anorexia can be fatal. | anorexia nervosa |
| 1/3 An eating disorder characterized by binge eating and subsequent purging, usually by induced vomiting and/or use of laxatives | bulimia nervosa |
| During the adolescent years, when everyone’s body changes dramatically, body dissatisfaction . | rises |
| Binge eating in private until | Your stomaches hurts then puke of take laxitives |
| For all eating disorders, family function (not structure) is | crucial |
| primary sex characteristics are The parts of the body that are | directly involved in reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, and penis. |
| secondary sex characteristics Physical traits that are not | directly involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity, such as a man’s beard and a woman’s breasts. |
| secondary characteristict | body shape,(males widen at the shoulders and grow about 5 inches taller than females, while girls widen at the hips and develop breasts) |
| secondary characteristic | pattern of hair growth at the scalp line (widow’s peak), the prominence of the larynx (Adam’s apple) |
| secondary characteristic | Facial and body hair increases in both sexes, affected by sex hormones as well as genes. legs facial hair, grow sideburns, soul patches, chinstraps, moustaches, dependent on culture and cohort |
| Hair is a display of | sexuality, a mark of independence. |
| Secondary sex characteristics are important psychologically an example is | Breasts |
| Fantasizing, flirting, hand-holding, staring, standing, sitting, walking, displaying, and touching are all done in particular ways to | reflect sexuality. |
| hormones trigger sexual thoughts, but | the culture shapes thoughts into enjoyable fantasies, shameful obsessions, frightening impulses, or actual contact |
| Masturbation is | common |
| culture determines attitudes, from private sin to mutual pleasure as Caressing, oral sex, nipple stimulation, and kissing are all | taboo in some cultures, expected in others. |
| All adolescents have sexual interests that they did not previously have (biology), which propel teenagers in some nations to do things that | teenagers of other nations would never do (culture). |
| double standard, in that behaviors of boys and girls were | held to different standards- Boys advance; girl slow the advance. (boys more insistent and girls more hesitant) |
| The trend toward earlier puberty yet later sexual activity is | international |
| Sexual problems | Teen births have decreased, The use of “protection” has risen, The teen abortion rate is down. |
| Who Should Teens Talk to About Contraception? | gynecologist |
| Sex can, of course, be | thrilling and affirming, providing a bonding experience |
| Poverty and lack of education correlate with | teen pregnancy |
| younger pregnant teenagers are often | malnourished and postpone prenatal care |
| After birth, adolescents are less often the | responsive mothers that newborns need, so insecure attachment is more common |
| early intercourse increases | psychosocial problems |
| Abuse harms development | lifelong |
| Any erotic activity that arouses an adult and excites, shames, or confuses a child, whether or not the victim protests and whether or not genital contact is involved | child sexual abuse |
| adolescent problem, including pregnancy, drug abuse, eating disorders, and suicide, is | more frequent in adolescents who are sexually abused. |
| Unlike teen pregnancy and sexual abuse,sexually transmitted infection (STI) shows | no signs of abating |
| A disease spread by sexual contact, including syphilis, gonorrhea, genital herpes, chlamydia, and HIV | sexually transmitted infection (STI) |
| In the United States, half of all STIs occur in people ages _to_ -one-fourth of the sexually active people | 15 to 25 |
| HIV rates are | not declining, despite increased awareness |
| adolescence begins with biology and ends with | culture |
| 3)raising a child has become more complex and expensive, and | family helpers are scarce. The strategy that most teenage mothers used in former times—having their mother raise the child—is less available, as most young grandmothers are employed |
| 2)If early sex leads to pregnancy and birth, most teenage girls have | no partners to help. A century ago, teenage mothers were often married; now, in the United States, 86 percent are unwed |
| 1)Earlier puberty and weaker social taboos result in | some very young teens having sex. Early sex correlates with depression, drug abuse, and lifelong problems |
| 4) sexually transmitted infections are | more common and more dangerous |
| under 16 girls are more likely than older pregnant teenagers to experience complications—including | spontaneous or induced abortion, high blood pressure, stillbirth, preterm birth, and low birthweight. This is true worldwide, in wealthy as well as low-income nations |
| Poverty and lack of education correlate with teen pregnancy and with | Other problem just listed |
| Even if sexually active adolescents avoid pregnancy, early intercourse increases | psychosocial problems |
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