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MALARIA

QuestionAnswer
Malaria cause? Parasite transmitted through mosquito.
Course of disease? After a bite from an infected mosquito, parasite goes to the liver and multiples and destroys liver cells, then envades RBC and destroys them as well.
Risk factors for contacting malaria? Travel to endemic areas. Lack of prophylaxis, immunocompromized. Pregnancy. Under 5.
When do symptoms start? 1-4 weeks.
Presentation? Flu-like: fever, chills, sweats, HA, malaise, muscle aches, n/v, jaundice, enlarged liver and spleen
1st line diagnostic test? Microscopic: parasites in the RBC
CBC IN MALARIA? Normicytic and notmochromic anemia.
LFT Elevated
Bilirubin? Unconjugated bilirubin elevated
BC? Negative. Helpful to r/ o DDx
Prophylaxis? Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine 2 weeks before the travel. Ok in PG. (kill parasite before it reaches liver)
What needs to be considered when tx malaria? Type of parasite (5 can cause malaria), resistance pattern, and pregnancy status.
If untreated? Kidney and liver failure, death.
When do Anopheles mosquitos bite? Evening and night time.
What parts of the earth are endemic for maleria? Tropical and subtropical areas: Malaria belt around the equator: Latin America, Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.
What does parasite do to the RBC? Destroy some RBC and change the surface of the other RBCs causing them to stick and block the flow to the vital organs and causing organ damage and failure.
Malaria and brain? AMS, seizures, coma
Malaria and platlates? Thrombocytopenia:
Liver - Thrombpcytopenia Connection? TPO (hormone)is produced by the liver and helps with the maturation of the platelets. A damaged liver will produce less TPO resulting in thrombocytopenia.
Malaria and lactate? Is elevated from hemolysis
Lactate and RBC connection? RBC use lactate for energy?
Created by: Vraney
 

 



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