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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child defines a child as which of the following? -A person under 18 years of age -A person under 15 years of age -A person under 21 years of age | A person under 18 years of age |
| How does WHO define an adolescent? -A person 10-14 years of age -A person 14-19 years of age -A person 10-19 years of age | A person 10-19 years of age |
| Why does adolescent health deserves special attention? -Adolescents have the same burden of disease as adults -Adolescents have a unique burden of disease -Adolescents have the same burden of disease as young adults | Adolescents have a unique burden of disease |
| Why is adolescence a period of special importance to health? -Key health behaviors such as dietary practices and tobacco use are set during that period -Children form their future health behaviors before adolescence -The key health risks to adolescence | Key health behaviors such as dietary practices and tobacco use are set during that period |
| Another point that highlights the importance of adolescence to health is which of the following? -Puberty generally has been starting later in most populations -Puberty has generally been starting at the same time as it has historically in most populati | Puberty has generally been starting earlier in most populations |
| Which of the following is the leading cause of death of adolescent males globally? -Drowning -Self-harm -Road traffic injuries | Road traffic injuries |
| Which of these is the largest cause of DALYs for adolescent females globally? -Diarrheal diseases -HIV/AIDS -Unipolar depressive disorders | Unipolar depressive disorders |
| Which of the following causes a larger share of total DALYs among 10-14 years old females? -Maternal conditions -Anxiety disorders -Iron deficiency disorder | Iron deficiency disorder |
| Which of the following causes a larger share of total DALYs among 15-19 year old females? -Asthma -Iron deficiency disorder -Self-harm | Self-harm |
| Which World Bank region has the highest rate of adolescent fertility? -East Asia and Pacific -South Asia -Sub-Saharan Africa | Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Chromosomes are composed of DNA. | T |
| Genetic research and testing includes __________. | All of the above |
| Which of the following statements BEST describes chromosomes? | Chromosomes carry the codes for hereditary traits. |
| Genes are segments of a chromosome that are responsible for specific hereditary traits. | T |
| Amniocentesis is a test in which fluid is removed from the uterus so the baby's genetic composition can be determined. | T |
| Complex diseases are caused by imperfections in multiple genes. | T |
| Gene testing is foolproof since it scans the building blocks of humans. | F |
| Gene therapy is a commonly used process whereby normal genes are injected to replace abnormal genes. | T |
| Sickle cell anemia is most common in people of Northern European descent. | F |
| Understanding and anticipating genetic disorders can help to manage hereditary diseases. | T |
| Discuss the general causes of chromosomal diseases. | Chromosomal diseases occur when an abnormality occurs. These could include either the wrong number of chromosomes or an incomplete chromosome. |
| Complex genetic diseases are different from single-gene diseases because they __________. | Are caused by mutations to multiple genes |
| Explain the causes and symptoms of sickle cell anemia. | Sickle cell anemia is caused by the red blood cells' inability to properly form hemoglobin. The result is an inability to transfer oxygen and blood throughout the body. |
| Hereditary diseases are passed from one generation to the next through mutated genes. | T |
| Which of the following is TRUE about an epidural? A. typically injected into the amniotic fluid B. typically injected into the mother's spine C. can be self-administered D. numbs the mother from the waist up | B |
| A(n) __________ is created when sperm meets egg and contains all DNA necessary to create a person. A. zygote B. blastocyst C. embryo D. fetus | A |
| Stage 1 of delivery averages about 8 hours but may be longer for first-time mothers. | True |
| Which of the following statements is NOT true about stage 3 of the birthing process. A. The placenta and umbilical cord are delivered. B. It lasts approximately 5 to 10 minutes. C. Intense contractions occur. D. The placenta remains intact. | C |
| The first trimester is the most critical time for an embryo or fetus. | True |
| Alcohol use can cause fetal alcohol syndrome in the unborn fetus. | True |
| During stage 2 of labor, the placenta and umbilical cord are delivered. | False |
| Which of the following is acceptable to use or take during pregnancy? A. tobacco B. alcohol C. medication unapproved by a doctor D. none of the above | D |
| The greatest risk of forming birth defects and miscarriage occur in the fetal stage. | False |
| Which is NOT a process in the second trimester? A. The baby uses all five senses. B. Hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes develop. C. Finger and toenails grow. D. The baby has a regular sleep cycle. | A |
| During weeks 17-20, quickening occurs, which is when the __________. | d. mother is able to feel the fetus move inside her womb |
| A(n) __________ is a one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and an egg. | a. zygote |
| The __________ stage is the third stage of development and lasts from two months through birth. | b. fetal |
| The organ that provides oxygen and nutrition to the fetus and filters out bodily wastes is the __________. | d. placenta |
| Proper nutrition during pregnancy helps the placenta develop healthily. | T |
| A fetus is said to reach full term around _____ weeks. | c. 37 - 40 |
| __________ occurs when the mother's body begins to fight off foreign blood protein produced by the fetus. | b. Rh-factor incompatibility |
| At the embryonic stage, the zygote becomes the embryo. | T |
| In which prenatal stage is a fetus' genitalia clearly male or female? | d. fetal stage |
| Which prenatal stage begins when a zygote is created through fertilization? | d. germinal stage |
| The __________ is the age at which a fetus can survive in the event that it is born early. | b. age of viability |
| A woman should gain an average of 25-35 pounds during pregnancy in order for healthy development of the fetus. | T |
| What is prenatal care? | The care one receives during pregnancy. During visits, the doctors will make sure the mother and the fetus are healthy and strong. It is best to begin before one becomes pregnant. |
| Why is it important for women to receive prenatal care? | they are less likely to deliver prematurely or have serious health problems and they will have healthier babies |
| What is the typical prenatal care schedule? | 4-28 Weeks: 1 per month 28-36 weeks: 2 per month 36-birth: 1 visit per week |
| What is the purpose of prenatal testing? | To screen for and diagnose any existing problems that may affect the mother's or baby's health, identify and address problems when/if they arise and assess the risk of a baby having a chromosomal or genetic abnormality. |
| What happens during the first prenatal visit? | Health care provider tests blood and urine for: conditions that could harm the baby such as HIVs, antibodies that show whether the mother is immune to chickenpox, anemia (low red blood count), blood type, bacteria in urine, sugar in urine, protein in ur |
| What is amniocentesis? | It is performed between 15-20 weeks on women who have increased risk of certain birth defects. The health care provider inserts a thin needle through the mothers abdomen and uterus to obtain a small amount of amniotic fluid. |
| What is Group B Strep? | it is a common bacterial infection not serious for adults but can be fatal to newborns. It affects 1 in every 2,000 babies born in the United States |
| First Trimester | Weeks 1-4 The egg is fertilized = zygote It will grow tiny limb buds By day 22 the heart starts to beat The neural tube which becomes the brain and spinal cord begin to form About 1/4 inch long The zygote splits into groups to form the embryo that |
| Month 2 | 2 tubes form that are the beginning of the hear early stages of the placenta are formed ears, ankles and wrists are formed eyelids form but are sealed shut fingers and toes develop kidneys begin to grow |
| Month 3 | fingers and toes have soft nails baby has 20 buds that will become teeth fine hair begins to grow you can hear the baby's heartbeat using a doptone |
| Second Trimester (Month 4) | baby moves, kicks and swallows skin in pink umbillical cord carries nourishment from mother to baby |
| Second Trimester (Month 5) | baby becomes more active finger and toe prints can be seen baby sleeps and wakes rapid growth gender can be determined |
| Second Trimester (Month 6) | skin is red and wrinkled eyelids open baby grows rapidly baby can hear sounds |
| Third Trimester (Month 7) | baby can open/close eyes and suck thumb kicks and stretches responds to light and sound |
| Third Trimester (Month 8) | rapid brain growth bones of the head are soft and flexible |
| Third Trimester (Month 9) | baby is full term lungs are mature gains about 1/2 pould each week usually drops head-down position |
| Weight gain | Normal Weight: You should gain 25-35 pounds over the 9 months (add 300 calories a day) Underweight: Gain more (28-40 pounds) Overweight: 15-25 pounds Expecting twins: 35-45 pounds |
| Vitamins and Minerals | Healthy diet, don't take additional vitamins unless instructed to do so |
| Why can't you drink alcohol while you are pregnant? | Leads to physical and mental birth defects such as fetal alcohol syndrome |
| Why can't you smoke/use marijuana during pregnancy? | makes it more difficult for them to get oxygen and makes them grow slower |
| Stage 1 | Labor Regular contractions of the cervix until it is about 10 centimeters |
| Stage 2 | Pushing and Delivery cervix is fully open, and baby is pushed out |
| Stage 3 | Delivery of Placenta occurs immediatly after delivery of baby and usually lasts between 10 minutes and one hour |
| Cesarean Section | surgical removal of a baby through abdominal wall because baby is too large, not positioned correctly |
| Ectopic Pregnancy | occurs outside uteris implantation of fertilized egg in fallopian tube surgery often needed to remove embryo Can be fatal to female |
| Miscarriage | natural ending of pregnancy before fetus is developed enough to survive on its own caused by defect in fetus or medical condition of mother |
| Stillbirth | caused by defect in baby or issue of mother delivery of a dead baby |
| What commonly happens when the baby is in distress, too large, or not head down? A. vaginal delivery with epidural B. caesarean section C. vaginal with forceps D. natural vaginal delivery | B |
| Explain the three stages of labor. | The three stages of labor are active labor, birth of the baby, and delivery of the placenta. Active labor lasts an average of 8 hours and is when the baby begins to descend. The cervix dilates from 4 to 10 centimeters through contractions. The birth of th |
| Some common environmental factors influencing pregnancy include all of the following EXCEPT: A. lead B. air freshener C. smog and radiation D. cat litter | B |
| What is NOT true about stage 1 of labor? A. lasts an average of 8 hours B. cervix dilates from 4 to 10 centimeters C. contractions are infrequent at this stage D. time to go to the hospital | C |
| What happens during a prenatal care office visit? | The prenatal care office visits provide a complete physical exam, blood tests, and a pelvic exam. They check the mother's weight and blood pressure. They will also conduct an ultrasound. |
| When is a caesarian section typically performed? | A caesarian section is typically performed when the baby is not head-down prior to delivery. It could also be performed if the baby is too large to fit through the pelvis or when the baby is in distress. |
| Major organs form and cells continue to divide in the__________ stage. A. embryo B. fetus C. blastocyst D. zygote | A |
| What is the length of gestation for a baby and how is the age determined? | The gestation of a baby averages 38 to 42 weeks. The gestation is the time of conception to the date of the birth. The age of the fetus is calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period to the date of the birth. |
| Which of the following is NOT included in the first trimester? A. heart begins beating B. arm and leg buds appear C. umbilical cord develops D. eyes and brain complete formation | D |
| What might result if a woman drank and smoked during the fifth week of gestation? | Since the woman is in the fifth week, this is the stage that is most susceptible to birth defects and miscarriage. If the woman continued to drink and smoke, she is at risk of having a child with low birth weight, premature birth, or the possibility of ha |
| An individual only needs one kidney to live a healthy life. | true |
| In the kidney, the structures that filter the blood are the __________. | nephrons |
| One can develop uremia when the digestive system does not clean the blood properly. | false |
| Both the urinary and digestive system benefit when you __________. | drink a lot of water |
| Proteins are absorbed faster than fats in the digestive system. | true |
| Bile is produced in the __________ and stored in the __________ until it is needed. | liver . . . gallbladder |
| The pancreas plays a critical role in __________. | the breakdown of carbohydrates |
| Nephritis is caused by __________. | inflammation in the kidney |
| The muscles in the stomach aid in digestion by __________. | churning, or mixing, food |
| Water, vitamins, and salt are absorbed in the __________. | large intestines |
| If a doctor wanted to be sure that a patient's urinary system is working properly, what would be the BEST indicators to investigate? | the balance of salts and amount of urine produced |
| Based on what you know about the flow of urine from the kidneys, choose the statement that BEST describes what would happen if you were to stand on your head? | The urine would remain in the bladder because there are valves to prevent backflow. |
| When comparing the large and small intestine, we can conclude that __________. | The small intestine is longer, but the large intestine is thicker. |
| At the highest level, the function of the human reproductive system is to create new life. T/F | T |
| Select the statement that accurately describes the muscular system. A.The muscular system is composed of two different types of muscles. B.The muscular system is composed of muscles, tendons, and ligaments. C.The muscular system is responsible for co | D |
| A patient comes to the emergency room after passing out. The doctor discovers a very low amount of salts in the body. The doctor should suspect problems with the patient's __________. A.gallbladder because the salts are not properly digested B.kidney | B |
| Which of the following is NOT transferred by alveoli? A.oxygen B.blood C.carbon dioxide D.gases | B |
| A condition that affects the urinary system and can be fatal is __________. A.a stomach ulcer B.kidney failure C.irritable bowel syndrome D.lactose intolerance | B |
| Formulate a weekly schedule that shows evidence of three different activities beneficial for your muscular system. | Activity every day, aerobic exercises for 30 minute three times a week, time to rest and relax, reducing stress, warming up muscles before activity, and eating a healthy diet. |
| Briefly describe the importance of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems. | The skeletal system supports and gives structure to the body. The muscular system allows for all voluntary and involuntary movement. The nervous system controls all actions and functions in the body. |
| A signal from the nervous system that is sent from the brain to the hand would follow a different pathway than a signal sent from the hand to the brain. T/F | F |
| What is the role of the adrenal gland in the body? | The adrenal glands are attached to each kidney where they regulate both salt and water levels in the body. In addition, they control the stress response in difficult situations. |
| Lisa goes to the doctor because she is experiencing the need for urination more frequently than normal and has a burning sensation when she does. Lisa's symptoms indicate that she probably has __________. A.kidney stones B.constipation C.a urinary tr | C |
| Explain why cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in men and women in the United States. | Generally, many cardiovascular diseases are related to lifestyle behaviors. Factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease include lack of a balanced diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and the lack of regular doctor visits. |
| The kidneys are paired structures that __________. A.transport urine to the bladder B.help in digestion of carbohydrates C.regulate salts, waters, and other minerals D.absorb nutrients into the bloodstream | C |
| Bones provide both structure and protection for the body. T/F | T |
| Explain how smoking damages the respiratory system and name two conditions that can develop when a person smokes. | The lungs need to remain elastic so they can effectively move oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body. By smoking, you are actually introducing carbon monoxide into the body, which is toxic. Tars and other chemicals will settle on the cili |
| In the digestive system, food that has been completely processed is found __________. A.in the liver B.in the esophagus C.in the large intestines D.in the small intestines | C |
| Which of the following BEST describes what alveoli are? A.They are the smallest tubes in the respiratory system. B.They have a small amount of surface area. C.They are found on the end of bronchioles. D.They are comprised of millions of cells. | C |
| The human reproductive system is ultimately designed to _________. A.keep the body disease free B.create growth hormones C.create new life D.absorb nutrients | C |
| Sasha is diabetic, which means that she has trouble digesting carbohydrates due to a malfunction in one of her organs. Which organ in the digestive system is NOT working properly? A.liver B.pancreas C.small intestines D.gall bladder | B |
| One reason the skeletal system is important is because __________. A.without the skeletal system, an individual would not have enough calcium to live B.the skeletal system creates the connective tissue and tendons that allow the body to move C.the sk | B |
| If Marlene were having difficulties with digestion, the BEST things to do would be to __________. A.increase fiber, lower salt, and drink water B.exercise, eat high-fiber foods, and drink plenty of water C.limit salt intake, reduce caffeine, and keep | B |
| Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to capillaries. T/F | T |
| The ovaries are part of the endocrine system. T/F | T |
| Nephritis is caused by __________. A.inflammation in the kidney B.inflammation in the pancreas C.inflammation in the bladder D.inflammation in the bowel | A |
| Without a gallbladder, a person would be unable to produce bile. T/F | F |
| The __________ is responsible for creating sperm cells. A.testicle B.epididymis C.penis D.vas deferens | A |
| The right ventricle transports oxygenated blood to the lungs. T/F | T |
| If you were creating a presentation that would cover the different types of muscles in the body, which groups of muscle would you need to include? A.skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles B.cartilage, tendons, and skeletal muscles C.voluntary, cardiac | C |
| Bile is produced in the __________ and stored in the __________ until it is needed. A.pancreas . . . gallbladder B.stomach . . . small intestines C.gallbladder . . . pancreas D.liver . . . gallbladder | D |
| Which of the following describes the changes that occur during the 3rd week of the menstruation cycle? A.The egg matures within the ovary. B.The egg travels through the fallopian tube to the uterus. C.The unfertilized egg is removed from the uterus. | B |
| All cardiovascular diseases are caused by poor lifestyle choices. T/F | F |
| Kidneys pass waste products through the ureters to the __________. A.urethra B.bladder C.stomach D.small intestine | B |
| If people have trouble digesting fats, they most likely have trouble with __________. A.the esophagus and liver B.the pancreas and stomach C.the liver and gallbladder D.the small intestine and large intestine | C |
| Proteins are absorbed faster than fats in the digestive system. T/F | T |
| When participating in sports and other physical activities, men should __________. A.wear protective equipment for their penis and scrotum B.wear a condom C.always wear tight clothing that constricts blood flow to the penis and scrotum D.none of th | A |
| Nutrients and waste both enter and leave cells through a process called __________. A.effusion B.diffusion C.fusion D.emulsion | B |
| How many chambers does the heart contain? A.3 B.4 C.5 D.6 | B |
| What percentage of blood is made up of plasma? A.55% B.40% C.10% D.5% | A |
| The urethra is a tube that carries both semen and urine through the penis. T/F | T |
| Hormones are chemicals secreted and regulated by the endocrine system. T/F | T |
| The pituitary gland is located in the brain and controls __________. A.skin conditions B.the rest of the endocrine glands C.the regeneration of nerve cells D.involuntary motor skills | B |
| Everyone experiences a period of __________ during puberty. A. little change B. emotional and mental stability C. reduced height and weight D. rapid change Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | D |
| In general, which factor is NOT critical when pregnant? A. getting regular prenatal checkups B. avoiding tobacco C. avoiding drugs and alcohol D. weighing yourself daily Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | D |
| Which of the following statements about age of consent is NOT accurate? A. It varies from state to state. B. Violating it may result in a prison sentence. C. Violating it may result in being tagged as a sex offender. D. It is determined by the pa | D |
| The human reproductive system is ultimately designed to _________. A. keep the body disease free B. create growth hormones C. create new life D. absorb nutrients Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | C |
| Which of these statements describes the role of information for genetic diseases? A. It's nice to know about the diseases, but it doesn't affect the outcomes. B. Information can help us to understand and manage genetic diseases. C. Information is on | B |
| Gene therapy is a commonly used process whereby normal genes are injected to replace abnormal genes. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| The __________ and __________ are the glands that stimulate reproductive cycles. A. testes . . . thyroid B. testes . . . ovaries C. ovaries . . . thyroid D. ovaries . . . thymus Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | B |
| Hormones are chemicals secreted and regulated by the endocrine system. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| As teens move through adolescence, surrounding adults usually have higher expectations of them. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| To stay abstinent, one should __________. A. practice refusal skills B. practice avoidance techniques C. set limits and stick to them D. all of the above Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | D |
| Prenatal care is not necessary until the first trimester has ended. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| The normal function of a gene is to __________. A. encode a protein B. prevent illness C. mutate into other cells D. determine personality Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | A |
| Which of the following contraceptives has a failure rate of 28 percent? A. tubal ligation B. spermicide C. male condom D. oral contraceptives Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | B |
| Sickle cell anemia is most common in people of Northern European descent. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| With the onset of puberty, boys and girls are apt to experience all of the following EXCEPT: A. changes in muscle strength B. facial acne C. fewer growth spurts D. body odor Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | A |
| Which of the following is NOT a hormone method of birth control? A. birth control patch B. vaginal ring C. sponge D. IUD Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | A |
| Adolescence is the time between birth and the onset of puberty. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| Which of the following is acceptable to use or take during pregnancy? A. tobacco B. alcohol C. medication unapproved by a doctor D. none of the above Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | D |
| Which is NOT a process in the second trimester? A. The baby uses all five senses. B. Hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes develop. C. Finger and toenails grow. D. The baby has a regular sleep cycle. Please select the best answer from the choices | A |
| Cystic fibrosis is a disease that __________. A. causes all those infected to live only into their teen years B. makes it difficult to breathe C. can be cured with proper medication D. occurs most frequently in people of Asian descent Please | B |
| Which of the following statements BEST describes DNA? A. DNA are the same as genes. B. All living things contain DNA. C. There are three bases that compose DNA. D. Billions of people in the world have the same genetic code. Please select | B |
| Which of the following are types of hereditary disorders? A. single-gene and chromosomal B. complex and duplex C. single-gene and duplex D. all of the above Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | A |
| A woman's menstrual cycle typically lasts about 28 days. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Very few teens become infected with STIs. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| Fertilized eggs mature into a baby within the cervix. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| The Skeletal , Muscular , and Nervous System | ... |
| The peripheral nervous system is responsible for both sending and receiving signals to and from the brain. | - True . |
| Which statement BEST describes the skeletal system? | - C . |
| An individual having a history of migraine headaches would most likely be diagnosed with having __________. | - A . |
| An example of a skeletal muscle working occurs when a person __________. | - D . |
| Which statement correctly describes the path that an electrical impulse would take after someone touched a hot pot? | - A . |
| The nervous system is responsible for your sense of smell. | - True . |
| This hard but flexible structure is found in the nose and ears. | - D . |
| All of the following statements are true concerning skeletal muscles EXCEPT: | - A . |
| All of the following are functions of the skeletal system EXCEPT: | - D . |
| A patient is diagnosed with a degenerative disease of the nervous system. Select the disorder that would match this diagnosis. | - A . |
| Which of the following would be the BEST activity to help you maintain a healthy skeletal system? | - A . |
| Epilepsy is considered a degenerative disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. | - False . |
| Which of the following is NOT a vitamin important in keeping your skeletal system healthy? | - D . |
| In the skeletal system, these structures are responsible for connecting bones. | - A . |
| After listening to a long discussion on the skeletal system, you conclude that the skeletal system is important because it __________. | - A . |
| Suzette has a history of seizures. The doctor has given her medication, which has allowed her to be seizure-free for many years. From which disorder does Suzette most likely suffer? | - B . |
| If you were creating a presentation that would cover the different types of muscles in the body, which groups of muscle would you need to include? | - A . |
| Cardiac muscles are considered smooth muscles. | - False . |
| A signal from the nervous system that is sent from the brain to the hand would follow a different pathway than a signal sent from the hand to the brain. | - False . |
| All of the following are functions of smooth muscles EXCEPT: | - A . |
| The skeletal system serves all of the following functions EXCEPT: | - D . |
| Based on the scenario below, select the statement that accurately finishes the sentence. Stacey has recently had a car accident and has lost her sense of taste as a result. It is MOST likely that she has __________. | - A . |
| Bones provide both structure and protection for the body. | - True . |
| An individual visits the doctor because they notice that, over time, they have been losing muscle strength. Which explanation will the doctor MOST likely give? | - C . |
| Bones are composed mostly of __________. | - C . |
| Without the skeletal system, the body could not fight off infection. | - True . |
| There are more smooth muscles in the body than skeletal muscles. | - False . |
| Without the skeletal system, the body could not carry oxygen in the blood. | - True . |
| The Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems . | ... |
| In the human body, the larynx is attached to the trachea. | - True . |
| All cardiovascular diseases are caused by poor lifestyle choices. | - False . |
| Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to capillaries. | - True . |
| The human cardiovascular system is considered closed because __________. | - D . |
| How many chambers does the heart contain? | - B . |
| Your friend Amanda suffers from a condition that reduces her blood's ability to carry oxygen. Which of the following is the name of that condition? | - D . |
| Once entering the nose, air moves through both the pharynx and larynx. | - True . |
| The aorta pumps blood out of the heart to the rest of the body. | - True . |
| What percentage of blood is made up of plasma? | - A . |
| Both the heart and arteries contract to pump blood throughout the body. | - True . |
| Plasma prevents the loss of blood by causing clotting. | - False . |
| What function do capillaries serve in the cardiovascular system? | - C . |
| Air is warmed and moisten as it moves through both the mouth and nasal passages. | - True . |
| Nutrients and waste both enter and leave cells through a process called __________. | - B . |
| Which of the following is a possible result of hypertension? | - A . |
| Blood flows one-way through the body. | - True . |
| What respiratory structure controls breathing? | - A . |
| Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a healthy diet? | - C . |
| Which of the following is a healthy blood pressure level? | - C . |
| The right ventricle transports oxygenated blood to the lungs. | - False . |
| Which of the following is NOT transferred by alveoli? | - B . |
| Select the statement that accurately describes the muscular system. | - D . |
| When using the absolute method to assess muscular endurance, you should adjust the weight according to each individual's strength ability. | T |
| One reason the skeletal system is important is because __________. A. without the skeletal system, an individual would not have enough calcium to live B. the skeletal system creates the connective tissue and tendons that allow the body to move C. th | B |
| Which workout schedule would be BEST suited for a weight-lifting workout that builds both strength and endurance? A. lifting weights four days a week with 2 to 4 repetitions B. lifting weights every day with 8 to 10 repetitions C. lifting weights th | c |
| What do barbell curls and dips have in common? A. They are both leg exercises. B. They both use free weights. C. Neither exercise is isotonic. D. They are both arm exercises. | D |
| All of the following statements concerning drugs and supplements are true EXCEPT: A. Many drugs and supplements are ineffective and expensive. B. Many supplements and drugs are frequently used to improve performance and appearance. C. Supplements a | C |
| Slow-twitch muscle fibers have a high resistance to fatigue. | T |
| Which of the following activities is most likely to improve muscular endurance? A. high jumping B. long distance running C. sprinting D. throwing a fast ball | B |
| When comparing the proper position for spotting different exercises, you can conclude that, in spotting any exercise, it is important to __________. A. stand with your feet together B. keep your hand on the bar C. keep your back upright D. Place y | C |
| Martina wants to increase her strength in her lower and upper body to help her in her new waitressing job. Right now, Martina lifts weights once a week and includes exercises that work out all muscle groups. Which change in her workout would be BEST to he | D |
| Muscles make up more than _____ of a person's body mass. A. 10% B. 25% C. 40% D. 75% | C |
| It is important to allow a muscle group 48 hours to recover after targeted weight lifting. | T |
| When spotting a dead lift, it is important to __________. A. move up and down as the lifter moves B. keep your hands on the bar at all times C. remember not to touch the lifter unless needed D. stay away from the lifter so they don't fall on you | A |
| Which of the following is an example of improved functioning as related to the benefits of muscular strength and endurance training? A. having stronger bones B. easier to do household chores C. lower blood pressure D. larger lung capacity | B |
| Which types of lifts require spotters? A. dead lifts, bench presses, and squats B. curls, butterflies, and reversed rows C. overhead presses, flies, and curls D. lunges, curls, and squats | A |
| Why is spot training a myth? A. Exercise only burns fat in specific body regions. B. Weight training strengthens muscles but does not burn fat. C. The results of spot training are not consistent. D. Exercise cannot burn fat in a target body region | D |
| Jackie noticed an increase in appetite after she started weight training. Since she did not change her eating habits, her body fat began to drop. Why did this happen? A. Weight training slows the metabolism in order to allow muscles to grow and repair. | D |
| Strength training is beneficial because it decreases your risk of injury. Which statement BEST describes why this is true? A. Muscular fitness training can prevent or improve diabetes and sarcopenia. B. Muscular fitness training increases muscle mass, | C |
| What would be the most likely outcome if a young man were using anabolic steroids? A. He could go into insulin shock and die. B. He could have trouble with his blood sugar. C. He could develop fatigue or depression. D. He could develop breasts and | D |
| Weight training requires that individuals add supplemental protein to their diet. | F |
| The rear deltoid row is a back exercise. | t |
| Why is it a myth that muscle turns into fat when someone stops working out? A. Muscle and fat are two different kinds of tissue. B. Muscle grows with physical inactivity. C. Fat converts into muscle but not vice versa. D. Only a small amount of mu | A |
| When planning a workout for muscular endurance, you'll need fewer workouts to reach your goal if you do compound exercises. | F |
| If you had a 30-pound barbell at home and you wanted to compare your muscular endurance to your younger brother's, which method would be the BEST to use? A. absolute method B. maxing out C. prediction of 1 percent RM D. fixed percentage of 1 max R | A |
| The peripheral nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord | F |
| In order to prevent injury during your weight-training session, it is necessary to __________. A. do performance testing prior to setting up your workout routine, stretch before and after each workout, get the proper amount of rest and nutrition, and mo | A |
| 80% | |
| Which of the following is NOT a true statement about birth control? A. Some forms of birth control are less effective for teens. B. It doesn't matter which form of birth control a person uses because they all have the same level of effectiveness. C. | B |
| Though teen pregnancy may have social and emotional consequences, there is no danger to one's physical well-being. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| Sex is NOT a way to __________. A. prove your love B. increase your self-worth C. bargain for attention D. all of the above Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | D |
| Thirty years ago, there were only two common and easily treated STIs. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Which of the following contraceptive methods do females NOT use? A. cervical cap B. vasectomy C. tubal ligation D. sponge Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | B |
| Who is at the greatest risk of contracting STIs? A. a sexually active person at age 22 B. a sexually active person at age 16 C. a sexually active person at age 20 D. none of the above Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | B |
| Which of the following contraceptive methods do men NOT use? A. IUD B. vasectomy C. withdrawal D. condom Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | A |
| To stay abstinent, one should __________. A. practice refusal skills B. practice avoidance techniques C. set limits and stick to them D. all of the above Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | D |
| Which of the following contraceptives has a failure rate of 28 percent? A. tubal ligation B. spermicide C. male condom D. oral contraceptives Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | B |
| Very few teens become infected with STIs. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| The endocrine system plays an important role in the body by influencing every organ and cell. | True |
| The ovaries are part of the endocrine system. | True |
| Insulin is a chemical that is produced by the __________ and controls __________. | pancreas . . . blood sugar |
| A woman's menstrual cycle typically lasts about 28 days. | True |
| Which gland is responsible for releasing melatonin? | pineal |
| The __________ is responsible for creating sperm cells. | testicle |
| Hormones are chemicals secreted and regulated by the endocrine system. | True |
| The urethra is a tube that carries both semen and urine through the penis. | True |
| The pituitary gland is located in the brain and controls __________. | the rest of the endocrine glands |
| Adolescence is a time of rapid physical and psychological change in the body. | True |
| Adolescence causes physical changes to the body, but there are no significant mental or emotional changes. | False |
| Girls are usually completely physically mature by the time they are __________ years old. | 15 to 17 |
| With the onset of puberty, boys and girls are apt to experience all of the following EXCEPT: | fewer growth spurts |
| The adolescent period can be divided into early, middle, and late periods. | True |
| As the adolescent period progresses, more responsibility is placed on the individual to be responsible and mature. | True |
| As teens move through adolescence, surrounding adults usually have higher expectations of them. | True |
| Connections with friends can become more important than family relationships during adolescence. | True |
| Which of the following are signs that a boy is going through puberty? | voice gets deeper and growth of facial hair |
| Even through all the changes of adolescence, it's very likely that your elementary school friends will be your adult friends. | False |
| Abstinence is the only birth control method that has a zero percent failure rate for an unplanned pregnancy and 100 percent rate of protection against STIs. | True |
| Though teen pregnancy may have social and emotional consequences, there is no danger to one's physical well-being. | False |
| Which of the following is NOT a hormone method of birth control? | sponge |
| Using birth control entirely eliminates the risk of having an unplanned pregnancy. | False |
| What is the most effective method of birth control? | abstinence |
| Which of the following contraceptive methods do females NOT use? | vasectomy |
| To stay abstinent, one should __________. | all of the above |
| Very few teens become infected with STIs. | False |
| Barrier methods of birth control are more effective than hormonal methods. | False |
| The gestational age of the embryo is measured from when the sperm and egg unite. | False |
| The greatest risk of forming birth defects and miscarriage occur in the fetal stage. | False |
| It can be dangerous for a pregnant woman to change the litter box. | True |
| During stage 2 of labor, the placenta and umbilical cord are delivered. | False |
| The first trimester is the most critical time for an embryo or fetus. | True |
| A mother should do all of the following EXCEPT: | increase calorie intake by 500 calories to support the unborn fetus |
| The safest and most natural way to deliver a baby is vaginally. | True |
| Which is NOT a process in the second trimester? | The baby uses all five senses. |
| Which of the following is acceptable to use or take during pregnancy? | none of the above |
| Chromosomes are composed of DNA. | True |
| Genes are segments of a chromosome that are responsible for specific hereditary traits. | True |
| Complex diseases are caused by imperfections in multiple genes. | True |
| Which of the following statements BEST describes DNA? | All living things contain DNA. |
| Cystic fibrosis is a disease that __________. | makes it difficult to breathe |
| Sickle cell anemia is most common in people of Northern European descent. | False |
| Genetic research and testing includes __________. | all of the above |
| Which of the following is NOT an avoidance techniques for avoiding sexual activity? | dating in secluded places |
| Understanding and anticipating genetic disorders can help to manage hereditary diseases. | True |
| Both boys and girls experience a period of rapid change during puberty. | True |
| Prenatal care is vital for pregnant women as blood tests and weight gain are regularly performed. | True |
| At the highest level, the function of the human reproductive system is to create new life. | True |
| All contraceptives prevent STIs. | False |
| Which part of the female reproductive system provides the opening for sperm to enter the body and babies to exit the body? | vagina |
| Adolescence covers the stage of personal development and growth between childhood and adulthood. | True |
| The endocrine system works with the __________ to coordinate and regulate the body. | nervous system |
| Hereditary diseases are passed from one generation to the next through mutated genes. | True |
| The ovaries are glands specific to males. | False |
| Which part of the female reproductive system provides the opening for sperm to enter the body and babies to exit the body? | Vagina |
| Sperm cells are stored in a tube at the back of each testicle called the epididymis. | True |
| The female reproductive organs are located in the __________ region of the body. | pelvic |
| Eggs produced by the ovaries are carried into the uterus by the fallopian tubes. | True |
| When participating in sports and other physical activities, men should __________. | wear protective equipment for their penis and scrotum |
| The __________ and __________ are the glands that stimulate reproductive cycles. | testes . . . ovaries |
| As teens move through adolescence, __________. | freedom increases, but so does responsibility |
| Which of the following is NOT a common feeling during adolescence? | sense of security and calmness |
| Many teens get their first job during adolescence, which __________. | teaches workplace skills and etiquette |
| Which of the following are the primary hormones in girls during puberty? | estrogen and progesterone |
| With the onset of puberty, boys and girls are apt to experience all of the following EXCEPT: | fewer growth spurts |
| Sexual awareness is usually not a significant issue during adolescence. | False |
| Boys and girls experience different changes to their bodies during adolescence. | True |
| Who is at the greatest risk of contracting STIs? | a sexually active person at age 16 |
| Thirty years ago, there were only two common and easily treated STIs. | True |
| Which of the following contraceptive methods do men NOT use? | IUD |
| Hormone methods, such as birth control pills, protect against STIs. | False |
| Which of the following statements is NOT true about stage 3 of the birthing process. | Intense contractions occur. |
| Which statement is NOT true about physical exercise for pregnant women? | Pregnant women can work out as long and often as they want. |
| A(n) __________ is created when sperm meets egg and contains all DNA necessary to create a person. | zygote |
| Which of the following is TRUE about an epidural? | typically injected into the mother's spine |
| Heredity refers to the __________. | passing of traits from parents to children |
| The Human Genome Project __________. | was completed in 2003 |
| Gene testing is foolproof since it scans the building blocks of humans. | False |
| When describing Down syndrome, it's important to note that __________. | it is usually caused by three copies of chromosome 21 |
| Amniocentesis is a test in which fluid is removed from the uterus so the baby's genetic composition can be determined. | True |
| By the time you find yourself in a risky situation involving pressure to have sex, it is too late to back out or to say "no." | False |
| Engaging in sexual activity can lead to a number of more physical and emotional complications. | True |
| Which of the following is NOT a barrier method of birth control? | birth control patch |
| Which of the following BEST defines contraceptive? | a method or device used to prevent pregnancy |
| What is NOT true about stage 1 of delivery? | cervix dilates from 4 to 10 inches |
| What commonly happens when the baby is in distress, too large, or not head down? | caesarean section |
| Which of the following is NOT included in the first trimester? | eyes and brain complete formation |
| Major organs form and cells continue to divide in the __________ stage. | embryo |
| Some common environmental factors influencing pregnancy include all of the following EXCEPT: | air freshener |
| Chromosomes from the mother control whether a child is male or female. | False |
| Most genetic diseases cannot be cured, but they usually can be treated. | True |
| Complex genetic diseases are different from single-gene diseases because they __________. | are caused by mutations to multiple genes |
| Which of the following is NOT a common feeling during adolescence? | sense of security and calmness |
| The peripheral nervous system is responsible for both sending and receiving signals to and from the brain. | T |
| The nervous system is responsible for your sense of smell. | T |
| Epilepsy is considered a degenerative disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. | F |
| All of the following statements are true concerning skeletal muscles EXCEPT: | Skeletal muscles control involuntary body functions. |
| In the skeletal system, these structures are responsible for connecting bones. | Ligaments and tendons |
| Without the skeletal system, the body could not fight off infection. | T |
| Suzette has a history of seizures. The doctor has given her medication, which has allowed her to be seizure-free for many years. From which disorder does Suzette most likely suffer? | Epilepsy |
| Skeletal system | A rigid framework of bones which provides support for the body and protection to internal organs. |
| Ligament | A strong connective tissue which connects bones together. |
| Tendon | A connective tissue that joins bone to muscle. |
| Cartilage | A stiff connective tissue which provides support for joints. |
| Muscular system | The system of muscles and tendons which provide energy to generate movement of the body. |
| Nervous system | A network of nerves which helps to coordinate the body's actions and transmit messages to all parts of the body. |
| CNS | The system composed of the brain and spinal cord which controls the actions of the body and helps send and receive information to the peripheral nervous system |
| PNS | The system composed of all the nerves and nerve endings in the body which transmit environmental information to, and receive instructions from, the central nervous system. |
| Bones provide both structure and protection for the body. | T |
| Bones are composed mostly of __________. | Calcium |
| A signal from the nervous system that is sent from the brain to the hand would follow a different pathway than a signal sent from the hand to the brain. | F |
| The skeletal system serves all of the following functions EXCEPT: | The skeletal system aids in the production of hormones that signal muscle and hair growth. |
| Discuss four ways that you can keep your nervous system healthy. | Protect your nervous system from injury, keep your brain active, exercise, and maintain a healthy diet. |
| All of the following are functions of smooth muscles EXCEPT: | Heartbeat |
| Based on the scenario below, select the statement that accurately finishes the sentence. Stacey has recently had a car accident and has lost her sense of taste as a result. It is MOST likely that she has __________. | Damaged her peripheral nervous system because the information regarding taste cannot be transmitted back to her brain |
| Formulate a weekly schedule that shows evidence of three different activities beneficial for your muscular system. | Activity every day, aerobic exercises for 30 minute three times a week, time to rest and relax, reducing stress, warming up muscles before activity, and eating a healthy diet. |
| Briefly describe the importance of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems. | The skeletal system supports and gives structure to the body. The muscular system allows for all voluntary and involuntary movement. The nervous system controls all actions and functions in the body. |
| An individual visits the doctor because they notice that, over time, they have been losing muscle strength. Which explanation will the doctor MOST likely give? | The individual could have muscular dystrophy. |
| Insulin is a chemical that is produced by the __________ and controls __________. A. pancreas . . . cell growth B. thyroid gland . . . blood sugar C. thyroid gland . . . cell growth D. pancreas . . . blood sugar Please select the best answer | D |
| A woman's menstrual cycle typically lasts about 28 days. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| The female reproductive organs are located in the __________ region of the body. A. shoulder B. midsection C. pelvic D. anterior Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | C |
| Hormones are chemicals secreted and regulated by the endocrine system. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| The __________ is responsible for creating sperm cells. A. testicle B. epididymis C. penis D. vas deferens Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | A |
| The endocrine system plays an important role in the body by influencing every organ and cell. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Which gland is responsible for releasing melatonin? A. pituitary B. thyroid C. pineal D. adrenal Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | C |
| Several glands add fluids to the sperm to form semen as it passes through the vas deferens. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Eggs produced by the ovaries are carried into the uterus by the fallopian tubes. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| When participating in sports and other physical activities, men should __________. A. wear protective equipment for their penis and scrotum B. wear a condom C. always wear tight clothing that constricts blood flow to the penis and scrotum D. none | A |
| The ovaries are part of the endocrine system. | True |
| Eggs produced by the ovaries are carried into the uterus by the fallopian tubes. | True |
| Several glands add fluids to the sperm to form semen as it passes through the vas deferens. | true |
| Fertilized eggs mature into a baby within the cervix. | false |
| The pituitary gland is located in the brain and controls __________. | the rest of the endocrine glands |
| Which of the following describes the changes that occur during the 3rd week of the menstruation cycle? | the egg travels through the fallopian tube to the uterus |
| The __________ is responsible for creating sperm cells. | testicle |
| The endocrine system plays an important role in the body by influencing every organ and cell. | true |
| The female reproductive organs are located in the __________ region of the body. | pelvic |
| The urethra is a tube that carries both semen and urine through the penis. | true |
| Without a gallbladder, a person would be unable to produce bile. | False |
| Kidneys pass waste products through the ureters to the __________. A. urethra B. bladder C. stomach D. small intestine | B |
| If people have trouble digesting fats, they most likely have trouble with __________. A. the esophagus and liver B. the pancreas and stomach C. the liver and gallbladder D. the small intestine and large intestine | C |
| Each kidney contains nephrons that filter the blood and remove waste. | True |
| The muscles in the stomach aid in digestion by __________. A. secreting bile B. churning, or mixing, food C. opening and closing the stomach D. absorbing nutrients | B |
| Based on what you know about the flow of urine from the kidneys, choose the statement that BEST describes what would happen if you were to stand on your head? A. The urine would flow backwards out of the urethra and into the kidneys. B. The urine wou | C |
| The elimination of waste is the primary function of the __________. A. large intestine B. small intestine C. pancreas D. esophagus | A |
| When comparing the large and small intestine, we can conclude that __________. A. The small intestine is thicker, but the large intestine is longer. B. The small intestine is larger and thicker than the large. C. The small intestine is longer, but t | C |
| In the kidney, the structures that filter the blood are the __________. A. neurons B. bile ducts C. nephrons D. ureters | C |
| Both the urinary and digestive system benefit when you __________. A. eat foods high in fiber B. drink a lot of water C. eat at regular intervals D. decrease your salt intake | B |
| An individual having a history of migraine headaches would most likely be diagnosed with having _____________ | a common disorder of the central nervous system |
| Suzette has a history of seizures. The doctor has given her medication, which has allowed her to be seizure-free for many years. From which disorder does Suzette most likely suffer? | epilepsy |
| All of the following are functions of the skeletal system EXCEPT: | producing ligaments and tendons |
| All of the following statements are true concerning skeletal muscles EXCEPT: | Skeletal muscles control involuntary body functions |
| Which statement BEST describes the skeletal system? | The skeletal system is composed of a rigid structure of bones that support the body and make red and white blood cells. |
| Epilepsy is considered a degenerative disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system | False |
| This hard but flexible structure is found in the nose and ears. | cartilage |
| If you were creating a presentation that would cover the different types of muscles in the body, which groups of muscle would you need to include? | skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles |
| If you have a muscle that has atrophied, the muscle would be _________ | shrunken |
| A patient is diagnosed with a degenerative disease of the nervous system. Select the disorder that would match this diagnosis | multiple sclerosis |
| Without the skeletal system, the body could not fight off infection | True |
| The peripheral nervous system is responsible for both sending and receiving signals to and from the brain | True |
| The nervous system is responsible for your sense of smell | True |
| There are more smooth muscles in the body than skeletal muscles | False |
| Which of the following would be the BEST activity to help you maintain a healthy skeletal system? | exercising often and eating a balanced diet |
| In order to improve the condition of your muscular system, you could participate in aerobic activity at least __________ | 30 minutes 3 times a week |
| The right ventricle transports oxygenated blood to the lungs. | F |
| What percentage of blood is made up of plasma? | 55% |
| What function do capillaries serve in the cardiovascular system? | help control body temperature |
| Air is warmed and moisten as it moves through both the mouth and nasal passages. | T |
| Each lung is fed oxygen by a separate bronchus. | T |
| All cardiovascular diseases are caused by poor lifestyle choices. | F |
| Once entering the nose, air moves through both the pharynx and larynx. | T |
| In the human body, the larynx is attached to the trachea. | T |
| Nutrients and waste both enter and leave cells through a process called | diffusion |
| The aorta pumps blood out of the heart to the rest of the body. | T |
| Both the heart and arteries contract to pump blood throughout the body. | T |
| Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to capillaries. | T |
| Plasma prevents the loss of blood by causing clotting. | F |
| How many chambers does the heart contain? | 4 |
| The human cardiovascular system is considered closed because ______. | there are no holes for blood to enter or leave the system |
| The peripheral nervous system is responsible for both sending and receiving signals to and from the brain. | T |
| The nervous system is responsible for your sense of smell. | T |
| Epilepsy is considered a degenerative disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. | F |
| All of the following statements are true concerning skeletal muscles EXCEPT: | Skeletal muscles control involuntary body functions. |
| In the skeletal system, these structures are responsible for connecting bones. | Ligaments and tendons |
| Without the skeletal system, the body could not fight off infection. | T |
| Suzette has a history of seizures. The doctor has given her medication, which has allowed her to be seizure-free for many years. From which disorder does Suzette most likely suffer? | Epilepsy |
| Skeletal system | A rigid framework of bones which provides support for the body and protection to internal organs. |
| Ligament | A strong connective tissue which connects bones together. |
| Tendon | A connective tissue that joins bone to muscle. |
| Cartilage | A stiff connective tissue which provides support for joints. |
| Muscular system | The system of muscles and tendons which provide energy to generate movement of the body. |
| Nervous system | A network of nerves which helps to coordinate the body's actions and transmit messages to all parts of the body. |
| CNS | The system composed of the brain and spinal cord which controls the actions of the body and helps send and receive information to the peripheral nervous system |
| PNS | The system composed of all the nerves and nerve endings in the body which transmit environmental information to, and receive instructions from, the central nervous system. |
| Bones provide both structure and protection for the body. | T |
| Bones are composed mostly of __________. | Calcium |
| A signal from the nervous system that is sent from the brain to the hand would follow a different pathway than a signal sent from the hand to the brain. | F |
| The skeletal system serves all of the following functions EXCEPT: | The skeletal system aids in the production of hormones that signal muscle and hair growth. |
| Discuss four ways that you can keep your nervous system healthy. | Protect your nervous system from injury, keep your brain active, exercise, and maintain a healthy diet. |
| All of the following are functions of smooth muscles EXCEPT: | Heartbeat |
| Based on the scenario below, select the statement that accurately finishes the sentence. Stacey has recently had a car accident and has lost her sense of taste as a result. It is MOST likely that she has __________. | Damaged her peripheral nervous system because the information regarding taste cannot be transmitted back to her brain |
| Formulate a weekly schedule that shows evidence of three different activities beneficial for your muscular system. | Activity every day, aerobic exercises for 30 minute three times a week, time to rest and relax, reducing stress, warming up muscles before activity, and eating a healthy diet. |
| Briefly describe the importance of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems. | The skeletal system supports and gives structure to the body. The muscular system allows for all voluntary and involuntary movement. The nervous system controls all actions and functions in the body. |
| An individual visits the doctor because they notice that, over time, they have been losing muscle strength. Which explanation will the doctor MOST likely give? | The individual could have muscular dystrophy. |
| The ovaries are part of the endocrine system. | True |
| Eggs produced by the ovaries are carried into the uterus by the fallopian tubes. | True |
| Several glands add fluids to the sperm to form semen as it passes through the vas deferens. | true |
| Fertilized eggs mature into a baby within the cervix. | false |
| The pituitary gland is located in the brain and controls __________. | the rest of the endocrine glands |
| Which of the following describes the changes that occur during the 3rd week of the menstruation cycle? | the egg travels through the fallopian tube to the uterus |
| The __________ is responsible for creating sperm cells. | testicle |
| The endocrine system plays an important role in the body by influencing every organ and cell. | true |
| The female reproductive organs are located in the __________ region of the body. | pelvic |
| The urethra is a tube that carries both semen and urine through the penis. | true |
| An individual only needs one kidney to live a healthy life. | true |
| In the kidney, the structures that filter the blood are the __________. | nephrons |
| One can develop uremia when the digestive system does not clean the blood properly. | false |
| Both the urinary and digestive system benefit when you __________. | drink a lot of water |
| Proteins are absorbed faster than fats in the digestive system. | true |
| Bile is produced in the __________ and stored in the __________ until it is needed. | liver . . . gallbladder |
| The pancreas plays a critical role in __________. | the breakdown of carbohydrates |
| Nephritis is caused by __________. | inflammation in the kidney |
| The muscles in the stomach aid in digestion by __________. | churning, or mixing, food |
| Water, vitamins, and salt are absorbed in the __________. | large intestines |
| If a doctor wanted to be sure that a patient's urinary system is working properly, what would be the BEST indicators to investigate? | the balance of salts and amount of urine produced |
| Based on what you know about the flow of urine from the kidneys, choose the statement that BEST describes what would happen if you were to stand on your head? | The urine would remain in the bladder because there are valves to prevent backflow. |
| When comparing the large and small intestine, we can conclude that __________. | The small intestine is longer, but the large intestine is thicker. |
| Eggs produced by the ovaries are carried into the uterus by the fallopian tubes. | T |
| Several glands add fluids to the sperm to form semen as it passes through the vas deferens. | T |
| The ovaries are part of the endocrine system. | T |
| The endocrine system plays an important role in the body by influencing every organ and cell. | T |
| The female reproductive organs are located in the __________ region of the body. | Pelvic |
| Fertilized eggs mature into a baby within the cervix. | F |
| Insulin is a chemical that is produced by the __________ and controls __________. | Pancreas . . . blood sugar |
| Hormones are chemicals secreted and regulated by the endocrine system. | T |
| Which part of the female reproductive system provides the opening for sperm to enter the body and babies to exit the body? | Vagina |
| Where does a fertilized egg spend the majority of its time? | The fertilized egg spends the vast majority of its time in the uterus, where it matures into a fetus. |
| What is one similarity between the male and female reproductive systems? | Together, male and female reproductive systems include the cells and structures required to create new life. |
| The endocrine system works with the __________ to coordinate and regulate the body. | Nervous system |
| Sperm cells are stored in a tube at the back of each testicle called the epididymis. | T |
| How does the structure of the female reproductive system differ from the male reproductive system? | A good portion of the male reproductive system is actually external to the body, while the female reproductive system is fully contained in the body. |
| What is the role of the adrenal gland in the body? | The adrenal glands are attached to each kidney where they regulate both salt and water levels in the body. In addition, they control the stress response in difficult situations. |
| The ovaries are glands specific to males. | F |
| Describe some of the factors that can cause hormone levels to fluctuate. | The levels of hormones in the body can vary depending on stress, infections, fluid levels, and mineral balance. |
| What is the overall purpose of the menstrual cycle? | The main purpose of the menstrual cycle is to remove unfertilized eggs from the female body. This purging of the unfertilized eggs prepares the uterus for the next opportunity for fertilization. |
| The cardiovascular system, which transports blood through the body, is a one-way system. | T |
| What respiratory structure controls breathing? | Diaphragm |
| Engaging in sexual activity can lead to a number of more physical and emotional complications. | True |
| Which of the following BEST defines contraceptive? | a method or device used to prevent pregnancy |
| What is the only guaranteed method of preventing pregnancy or contracting an STI? | Abstinence is the only guaranteed method of preventing pregnancy and/or contracting an STI. |
| Which of the following is NOT a barrier method of birth control? | birth control patch |
| Explain some emotional, physical, and social reasons why someone would choose to remain abstinent. | Sexual activity can lead to STIs, risk of pregnancy, social stresses on relationships (negative influence on relationships with parents and possibly friends) |
| Name two consequences of being sexually active. | contracting a number of STIs, and having an unplanned pregnancy. |
| Why might a teenage girl who is using birth control be more at risk for becoming pregnant than a woman in her thirties? | Some forms of birth control may be less effective for teenage girls because their bodies haven't fully matured and settled into a regular menstrual cycle. |
| List three strategies that teens can use to avoid becoming involved in sexual activity? | To avoid becoming involved in sexual activity, teens can go on group dates, avoid unsupervised parties, limit dating to public places, and refrain from using drugs or alcohol |
| All contraceptives prevent STIs. | F |
| By the time you find yourself in a risky situation involving pressure to have sex, it is too late to back out or to say "no." | F |
| Hormone methods, such as birth control pills, protect against STIs. | F |
| Barrier methods of birth control are more effective than hormonal methods. | F |
| Which of the following contraceptive methods do females NOT use? | vasectomy |
| Sex is NOT a way to __________. | prove your love, increase your self-worth, bargain for attention |
| Very few teens become infected with STIs. | F |
| Thirty years ago, there were only two common and easily treated STIs. | T |
| Which of the following BEST explains why the natural family planning method should be used by long-term couples only? | This method requires the couple to be prepared for a child |
| Which of the following contraceptives has a failure rate of 28 percent? | spermicide |
| Though teen pregnancy may have social and emotional consequences, there is no danger to one's physical well-being. | F |
| Using birth control entirely eliminates the risk of having an unplanned pregnancy. | F |
| Contraception | Deliberate method of preventing pregnancy as a consequence of vaginal intercourse |
| (Young/old) are less likely than (young/old) individuals to use contraception | Young, old |
| Which method of birth control is usually preferred? | Condoms |
| Barriers to contraception use | Privacy, cost, experience, planning, religion, culture, lack of knowledge |
| Define birth control | any means of preventing a birth from taking place; includes contraception and abortion |
| Define contraception | birth control that works specifically to prevent contraception |
| What is the most reliable form of birth control? | Sexual abstinence |
| oral contraceptive | Hormonal method "the pill"; highly effective; contains progestin and usually estrogen |
| How does the pill work? | 1. Suppress ovulation 2. thicken cervical mucous 3. thin the lining of the uterus 4. slow the rate of ovum transport |
| injectable contraceptive | Hormonal method Depo-Provera |
| the patch | Hormonal method Ortho Evra |
| The vaginal ring | Hormonal method Nuva Ring |
| Implants | Hormonal method Implanon |
| Barrier methods of contraception | Condoms - male and female Spermicide |
| Intrauterine device (IUD) | Tiny plastic or copper device inserted into uterus 5-12 years |
| Fertility awareness methods | Calendar (rhythm) method Basal body temp method Ovulation method Symtothermal method |
| Sterilization in Men | Vasectomy |
| Sterilization in Women | Tubal ligation Laparoscopy Essure |
| Emergency contraception | Taken within 120 hours of unprotected sex Concentrated doses of progestin and/or estrogen Not an abortion pill |
| Abortion | expulsion of the conceptus |
| Which trimesters can a women abort? | first and second |
| Abortion technique | Surgical/vacuum |
| Contraception | Any method or procedure that prevents fertilization |
| Fertility | The ability to reproduce |
| Ovulation | The release of a mature egg from the ovary; occurring approximately the beginning of menses |
| Trimester | A three-moth period of time; |
| Effacement | Process by which the cervix prepares for delivery |
| Effacement of the cervix during labor refers to _______. | Thinning |
| Lightening | A drop in the level of the uterus during the last weeks of pregnancy as the head of the fetus engages in the pelvis |
| Abortion | Included premature termination of a pregnancy |
| List and explain what occurs in each stage of labor | |
| What are possible causes of infertility in men and women? | |
| What are emergency contraceptive? | |
| What procedures are used for a first trimester abortion? | |
| What are some agents that can damage a fetus? | |
| Which of the following best describes the use effectiveness of a contraceptive? | The failure rate when used precisely as directed. |
| The calendar method, cervical mucus method, and temperature methods all attempt to determine | time of ovulation |
| Spermicides are most effective when used with a | barrier contraceptive |
| Depo-Provera is an example of an | injectable contraceptive |
| The most common side effect of n Depo-Povera is | Amenorrhea |
| A common male sterilization procedure is called | vasectomy |
| On average, between ____ and ____ million sperms cells are deposited during ejaculation. | 200;500 |
| The third trimester of pregnancy is characterized by | fetal growth |
| In the United States, the birth process for a first-time mother average about ________. | twelve to sixteen |
| What procedures are used for a first trimester abortion? | |
| What are some agents that can damage a fetus? | |
| Which of the following best describes the use effectiveness of a contraceptive? | The failure rate when used precisely as directed. |
| The calendar method, cervical mucus method, and temperature methods all attempt to determine | time of ovulation |
| What procedures are used for a first trimester abortion? | |
| What are some agents that can damage a fetus? | |
| Which of the following best describes the use effectiveness of a contraceptive? | The failure rate when used precisely as directed. |
| What procedures are used for a first trimester abortion? | |
| What are some agents that can damage a fetus? | |
| Which of the following best describes the use effectiveness of a contraceptive? | |
| What procedures are used for a first trimester abortion? | |
| What are some agents that can damage a fetus? | |
| What procedures are used for a first trimester abortion? | |
| Lightening | A drop in the level of the uterus during the last weeks of pregnancy as the head of the fetus engages in the pelvis |
| Abortion | Included premature termination of a pregnancy |
| Lightening | A drop in the level of the uterus during the last weeks of pregnancy as the head of the fetus engages in the pelvis |
| Abortion | |
| Lightening | |
| contraceptive | A method or device used to prevent pregnancy. |
| abstinence | Avoiding all forms of intimate sexual contact. |
| sterilization | A surgical procedure rendering a person unable to reproduce. |
| condom | A barrier device worn over the penis. |
| Summary | Contraceptives/Birth control -Abstinence -Sterilization -Hormone -Barrier -Family Planning -Withdraw Abstinence -Legal -Emotional -Physical -Social Refusal Skills -Educated -Avoidance -Communicate -Refuse |
| Abstinence is the only birth control method that has a zero percent failure rate for an unplanned pregnancy and 100 percent rate of protection against STIs. T/F | T |
| Though teen pregnancy may have social and emotional consequences, there is no danger to one's physical well-being. T/F | F |
| Which of the following is NOT a true statement about birth control? A.Some forms of birth control are less effective for teens. B.It doesn't matter which form of birth control a person uses because they all have the same level of effectiveness. C.Bir | B |
| What is the most effective method of birth control? A.withdrawal B.abstinence C.diaphragm D.IUD | B |
| Which of the following contraceptives has a failure rate of 28 percent? A.tubal ligation B.spermicide C.male condom D.oral contraceptives | B |
| Barrier methods of birth control are more effective than hormonal methods. T/F | F |
| Which of the following consequences generally results from choosing to be sexually active as a teen? A.a loving, long-term relationship B.emotional insecurities and regrets C.a proven level of maturity D.a high level of self-worth | B |
| Which of the following contraceptive methods do men NOT use? A.IUD B.vasectomy C.withdrawal D.condom | A |
| To stay abstinent, one should __________. A.practice refusal skills B.practice avoidance techniques C.set limits and stick to them D.all of the above | D |
| Hormone methods, such as birth control pills, protect against STIs. T/F | F |
| If strictly practiced, which of the following methods of birth control is 100 percent effective? | Abstinence |
| Which of the following is not true about the group of birth control strategies collectively known as natural family planning? | If carefully practiced, it is almost 100 percent effective in preventing pregnancy. |
| Which of the following statements is not true about abstinence? | It is expensive and requires a doctor's permission. |
| Which of the following is not true about male condoms? | They can be washed and reused. |
| Which of the following is not a barrier method of contraception? | Sterilization. |
| Which of the following is true about withdrawal as a method of birth control? | It is ineffective because fluid released from the male's penis before ejaculation contains sperm. |
| Which of the following is NOT effective in preventing pregnancy? | Douching after intercourse. |
| Among the following statements about different methods of birth control, which is not true? | Spermicides, used on their own without a barrier method such as a diaphragm, effectively prevent pregnancy because the chemicals kill all the millions of sperm released in the male's ejaculation. |
| Which of the following is not true about hormonal methods of contraception? | Hormonal contraceptives offer highly effective protection against STDs. |
| Which of the following is true about condoms? | Both male and female condoms are effective in protecting against STDs. |
| Everyone experiences a period of __________ during puberty. A. little change B. emotional and mental stability C. reduced height and weight D. rapid change Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | D |
| In general, which factor is NOT critical when pregnant? A. getting regular prenatal checkups B. avoiding tobacco C. avoiding drugs and alcohol D. weighing yourself daily Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | D |
| Which of the following statements about age of consent is NOT accurate? A. It varies from state to state. B. Violating it may result in a prison sentence. C. Violating it may result in being tagged as a sex offender. D. It is determined by the pa | D |
| The human reproductive system is ultimately designed to _________. A. keep the body disease free B. create growth hormones C. create new life D. absorb nutrients Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | C |
| Which of these statements describes the role of information for genetic diseases? A. It's nice to know about the diseases, but it doesn't affect the outcomes. B. Information can help us to understand and manage genetic diseases. C. Information is on | B |
| Gene therapy is a commonly used process whereby normal genes are injected to replace abnormal genes. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| The __________ and __________ are the glands that stimulate reproductive cycles. A. testes . . . thyroid B. testes . . . ovaries C. ovaries . . . thyroid D. ovaries . . . thymus Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | B |
| Hormones are chemicals secreted and regulated by the endocrine system. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| As teens move through adolescence, surrounding adults usually have higher expectations of them. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| To stay abstinent, one should __________. A. practice refusal skills B. practice avoidance techniques C. set limits and stick to them D. all of the above Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | D |
| Prenatal care is not necessary until the first trimester has ended. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| The normal function of a gene is to __________. A. encode a protein B. prevent illness C. mutate into other cells D. determine personality Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | A |
| Which of the following contraceptives has a failure rate of 28 percent? A. tubal ligation B. spermicide C. male condom D. oral contraceptives Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | B |
| Sickle cell anemia is most common in people of Northern European descent. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| With the onset of puberty, boys and girls are apt to experience all of the following EXCEPT: A. changes in muscle strength B. facial acne C. fewer growth spurts D. body odor Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | A |
| Which of the following is NOT a hormone method of birth control? A. birth control patch B. vaginal ring C. sponge D. IUD Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | A |
| Adolescence is the time between birth and the onset of puberty. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| Which of the following is acceptable to use or take during pregnancy? A. tobacco B. alcohol C. medication unapproved by a doctor D. none of the above Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | D |
| Which is NOT a process in the second trimester? A. The baby uses all five senses. B. Hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes develop. C. Finger and toenails grow. D. The baby has a regular sleep cycle. Please select the best answer from the choices | A |
| Cystic fibrosis is a disease that __________. A. causes all those infected to live only into their teen years B. makes it difficult to breathe C. can be cured with proper medication D. occurs most frequently in people of Asian descent Please | B |
| Which of the following statements BEST describes DNA? A. DNA are the same as genes. B. All living things contain DNA. C. There are three bases that compose DNA. D. Billions of people in the world have the same genetic code. Please select | B |
| Which of the following are types of hereditary disorders? A. single-gene and chromosomal B. complex and duplex C. single-gene and duplex D. all of the above Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | A |
| A woman's menstrual cycle typically lasts about 28 days. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Very few teens become infected with STIs. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| Fertilized eggs mature into a baby within the cervix. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| At the highest level, the function of the human reproductive system is to create new life. T/F | T |
| Select the statement that accurately describes the muscular system. A.The muscular system is composed of two different types of muscles. B.The muscular system is composed of muscles, tendons, and ligaments. C.The muscular system is responsible for co | D |
| A patient comes to the emergency room after passing out. The doctor discovers a very low amount of salts in the body. The doctor should suspect problems with the patient's __________. A.gallbladder because the salts are not properly digested B.kidney | B |
| Which of the following is NOT transferred by alveoli? A.oxygen B.blood C.carbon dioxide D.gases | B |
| A condition that affects the urinary system and can be fatal is __________. A.a stomach ulcer B.kidney failure C.irritable bowel syndrome D.lactose intolerance | B |
| Formulate a weekly schedule that shows evidence of three different activities beneficial for your muscular system. | Activity every day, aerobic exercises for 30 minute three times a week, time to rest and relax, reducing stress, warming up muscles before activity, and eating a healthy diet. |
| Briefly describe the importance of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems. | The skeletal system supports and gives structure to the body. The muscular system allows for all voluntary and involuntary movement. The nervous system controls all actions and functions in the body. |
| A signal from the nervous system that is sent from the brain to the hand would follow a different pathway than a signal sent from the hand to the brain. T/F | F |
| What is the role of the adrenal gland in the body? | The adrenal glands are attached to each kidney where they regulate both salt and water levels in the body. In addition, they control the stress response in difficult situations. |
| Lisa goes to the doctor because she is experiencing the need for urination more frequently than normal and has a burning sensation when she does. Lisa's symptoms indicate that she probably has __________. A.kidney stones B.constipation C.a urinary tr | C |
| Explain why cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in men and women in the United States. | Generally, many cardiovascular diseases are related to lifestyle behaviors. Factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease include lack of a balanced diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and the lack of regular doctor visits. |
| The kidneys are paired structures that __________. A.transport urine to the bladder B.help in digestion of carbohydrates C.regulate salts, waters, and other minerals D.absorb nutrients into the bloodstream | C |
| Bones provide both structure and protection for the body. T/F | T |
| Explain how smoking damages the respiratory system and name two conditions that can develop when a person smokes. | The lungs need to remain elastic so they can effectively move oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body. By smoking, you are actually introducing carbon monoxide into the body, which is toxic. Tars and other chemicals will settle on the cili |
| In the digestive system, food that has been completely processed is found __________. A.in the liver B.in the esophagus C.in the large intestines D.in the small intestines | C |
| Which of the following BEST describes what alveoli are? A.They are the smallest tubes in the respiratory system. B.They have a small amount of surface area. C.They are found on the end of bronchioles. D.They are comprised of millions of cells. | C |
| The human reproductive system is ultimately designed to _________. A.keep the body disease free B.create growth hormones C.create new life D.absorb nutrients | C |
| Sasha is diabetic, which means that she has trouble digesting carbohydrates due to a malfunction in one of her organs. Which organ in the digestive system is NOT working properly? A.liver B.pancreas C.small intestines D.gall bladder | B |
| One reason the skeletal system is important is because __________. A.without the skeletal system, an individual would not have enough calcium to live B.the skeletal system creates the connective tissue and tendons that allow the body to move C.the sk | B |
| If Marlene were having difficulties with digestion, the BEST things to do would be to __________. A.increase fiber, lower salt, and drink water B.exercise, eat high-fiber foods, and drink plenty of water C.limit salt intake, reduce caffeine, and keep | B |
| Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to capillaries. T/F | T |
| The ovaries are part of the endocrine system. T/F | T |
| Nephritis is caused by __________. A.inflammation in the kidney B.inflammation in the pancreas C.inflammation in the bladder D.inflammation in the bowel | A |
| Without a gallbladder, a person would be unable to produce bile. T/F | F |
| The __________ is responsible for creating sperm cells. A.testicle B.epididymis C.penis D.vas deferens | A |
| The right ventricle transports oxygenated blood to the lungs. T/F | T |
| If you were creating a presentation that would cover the different types of muscles in the body, which groups of muscle would you need to include? A.skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles B.cartilage, tendons, and skeletal muscles C.voluntary, cardiac | C |
| Bile is produced in the __________ and stored in the __________ until it is needed. A.pancreas . . . gallbladder B.stomach . . . small intestines C.gallbladder . . . pancreas D.liver . . . gallbladder | D |
| Which of the following describes the changes that occur during the 3rd week of the menstruation cycle? A.The egg matures within the ovary. B.The egg travels through the fallopian tube to the uterus. C.The unfertilized egg is removed from the uterus. | B |
| All cardiovascular diseases are caused by poor lifestyle choices. T/F | F |
| Kidneys pass waste products through the ureters to the __________. A.urethra B.bladder C.stomach D.small intestine | B |
| If people have trouble digesting fats, they most likely have trouble with __________. A.the esophagus and liver B.the pancreas and stomach C.the liver and gallbladder D.the small intestine and large intestine | C |
| Proteins are absorbed faster than fats in the digestive system. T/F | T |
| When participating in sports and other physical activities, men should __________. A.wear protective equipment for their penis and scrotum B.wear a condom C.always wear tight clothing that constricts blood flow to the penis and scrotum D.none of th | A |
| Nutrients and waste both enter and leave cells through a process called __________. A.effusion B.diffusion C.fusion D.emulsion | B |
| How many chambers does the heart contain? A.3 B.4 C.5 D.6 | B |
| What percentage of blood is made up of plasma? A.55% B.40% C.10% D.5% | A |
| The urethra is a tube that carries both semen and urine through the penis. T/F | T |
| Hormones are chemicals secreted and regulated by the endocrine system. T/F | T |
| The pituitary gland is located in the brain and controls __________. A.skin conditions B.the rest of the endocrine glands C.the regeneration of nerve cells D.involuntary motor skills | B |
| ____ is the parent cell that 46 chromosomes while ______ is the daughter cell with 23 unpaired chromosomes. | Diploid, Haploid |
| What is another name for sex cells? | Gametes |
| Name the scientific term for fertilized egg. | Zygotes |
| What is the specialty of a male gamete vs. a female gamete? | A male gamete, sperm, has motility while the female gamete, the ovum, contains nutrience |
| X-chromosome is considered _____ while Y-chromosome is considered _____________. | Female, Male. Anyone lacking a Y chromosome is considered female. |
| What is the scientific term for the primary sex organs? Where are they found in male vs. female? | Gonads. Testes (male) and ovaries (female) |
| Our cells contain _________ pairs of chromosomes. | 23 pairs. 22 are autosomes, 1 pair of sex chromosomes (XY males: XX females) |
| Female development occurs in absence of _____ hormones. ______ levels are always high in pregnancy. | Androgen hormones. Estrogen levels. |
| The SRY gene is the sex determining region of the ____ chromosome. | Y chromosome. |
| In male, codes for a protein, ________, initiates the development of testes. | Testes-determining factor (TDF) |
| The _____ ducts develop into male reproductive system and the ______ ducts develop into female reproductive tract, this occurs in the absence of ________ (TBF gene). | Mesonephric (males). Paramesonephric (females), Testosterone |
| This hormone ultimately determines the sex of a human. | Testosterone |
| The testes begin development near the _______. The _____ pulls the testes out of abdominal cavity. The blood supply comes from the internal ________. | Kidney. Gubernaculum. Iliac |
| The primary sexual characteristics are generated by the presence of the ____ factor. | SRY |
| The cycle of the SRY factor is: a. Testes formation, testosterone production, SRY factor, Mullerian-inhibiting factor b. SRY factor, Testes formation, testosterone production, Mullerian inhibiting factor c. SRY factor, Testes formation, Mullerian inhib | B. SRY factor, testes formation, testosterone production, Mullerian-inhibiting factor |
| Distal portion of the vagina, labia and clitoris is or is not under hormonal control? | Is not |
| What is the main reason Androgen-Insensitivity syndrome occurs? Hint: Testosterone production is normal but no masculizing effects occur. | The target cells lack receptors for testosterone |
| What is the main cause for adrenogential syndrome? | The overproduction of testosterone. This causes male effects on females. |
| Females vaginal canal are _____ acidic. Sperm contains ______ to counteract with the low pH. | Highly. Bicarbonate |
| The ____ muscle of the male controls size and length of testicle and influences temperature. The _______ muscle pulls testicles close to each other during cold temperature. | Cremaster. Dartos. |
| True or False: The human testes must reside at a core temperature of 35 degrees Celsius, rather than the core body temperature of 37 degrees to maintain homeostasis. | True. Arterial blood entering the testes is cooled by the blood of venous blood exiting right next to it. Venous blood carries out the heat as it exits. |
| What is the order of sperm travel? | Seminiferous tubule (sperm is created), Rete Testis, Epidydmis (sperm matures/storage), Ductus Deferens (Sperm is inactive til ejaculation or re-absorption) |
| True or False: The testes does not contain immune cells because sperm is considered foreign. | True. This is done by the blood-testis barrier between the susententacular cells which prevents antibodies and other molecules from the blood to enter the germ cells. |
| What is the main purpose of the pampniform plexus? | Without the pampniform plexus, warm arterial blood would heat the testes and inhibit sperm production. It uses the counter current heat exchange method. |
| The seminal vesicle forms _____% of semen while the prostate gland produces _____%.The bulbourethral gland lubricates the ____ of the ____ and protects _____ by neutralizing the urine in the urethra. | 60%. 30%. Head of the penis. sperm. |
| True or False: Benign prostatic hyperplasia causes cancerous enlargement of the prostate. | False, Benign means noncancerous. |
| During enlargement of penis, veins are crushed and corpus __________ is inflated. Hint: it encloses the penile urethra. | Spongiosum |
| True or False: Erections for a long period of time cause a hypoxic state. | True |
| The onset of puberty is caused by the surge of _____ gonadotropins, which also awakens the reproductive system. | Pituitary. |
| Puberty occurs after the first _____ in boys and first_____ in girls. Adolescence starts from the onset of _____ secretion and _____ development until a person attains full adult height. | ejaculation. menstrual period. gonadotropin. reproductive. |
| True or false: Climacteric is considered the menopause and andropause of females and males. | True. |
| What determines the start of the menustral cycle and puberty for females? | Body fat |
| The testes secrete substantial amounts of _______ in first _______ of fetal development. Then testes become dormant until puberty. | testosterone. trimester. |
| The ______ produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Name the 2 hormones released and what they each do. | Hypothalamus. FSH: stimulates spermatogenesis LH: stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone |
| Which hormone suppresses FSH output from the pituitary reducing sperm production without reducing LH and testosterone secretion? | Inhibin |
| Testosterone secretion peaks at age ____ while it declines to 1/5 by the age of ___. This decline is caused by the activitiy of ____ cells (testosterone) and _____ cells (inhibin). | 20. 80. Interstitial. Sustentacular. |
| What enzyme is specially designed to help clot sperm in vagina? It is converted from a sticky fibrin-like protein called _____. | Proseminogelin. Seminogelin |
| The two requirements for sperm motility are ___ and ___. | Elevated pH and energy source |
| Sexual intercourse aka "Coitus" is divided into four recognizable phases called: | Excitement, Plateau, orgasm, and resolution |
| cGMP ____ the blood flow into erectile tissue while ____ degrades cGMP, which causes the loss of erection. How does viagra prolong erections? | increases, PDE5. It prolongs erections by slowing down the breakdown of cGMP and blocks PDE5. |
| What is the difference between an incubation period and communicable period in STD's? | The incubation period is when the pathogen multiplies with no symptoms while during the communicable period, the disease can be transmitted to others |
| What is the most common STD in the U.S.? | Genital herpes |
| What hormone travels to the anterior lobe of the pituitary and stimulates gonadotropes to secrete FSH and LH? | GnRH |
| True or False: The prostate produces a thin, milky white fluid while the seminal vesicles make a viscous yellow fluid. | True |
| Asexual | one-celled plants and bacteria that do not produce specialized sex cells |
| gametes | either of the two sex cells, sperm cells (spermatozoa) from the male or eggs (ova) from the female |
| sexually | human beings, like all vertebrates, are said to reproduce _________ because they do produce these specialized sex cells |
| sperm cells sperm | The gametes produced in the male reproductive system are called ________ , or simply ___________. |
| egg cells, or ova. | The gametes produced in the female reproductive system are called _______________ |
| zygote | one sperm cell and one ovum come together during the process of fertilization to produce a cell called the __________ . Which is a fertilized Ovum |
| Gonads: testes (right testis and left testis) | Male Reproductive Organs ESSENTIAL ORGANS |
| epididymis (two), vas deferens (two), ejaculatory duct (two), and urethra | Male Reproductive Organs ACCESSORY ORGANS Ducts: _________, ___________, _____________, _____________ |
| seminal vesicle (two), bulbourethral or Cowper's gland (two), and prostate gland | Male Reproductive Organs ACCESSORY ORGANS Supportive sex glands: ___________, ____________ , _______________ |
| scrotum and penis | Male Reproductive Organs ACCESSORY ORGANS External genitals:________, _________ |
| sperm | male organs function to produce, store, and ultimately introduce mature ___________ into the female reproductive tract |
| fertilization | and that the female system is designed to produce ova, receive the sperm, and permit __________ |
| dual | in males the terminal portion of the urinary tract (urethra) has a _________ function. It serves as a passageway for both urine and reproductive fluid (semen) from the body. |
| urogenital | _________ system is sometimes used in place of reproductive system to describe this important but very limited dual urinary and reproductive function. |
| testes (TES-teez) | The gonads of men consist of a pair of main sex glands called the ______________ |
| spermatozoa (sper-mah-toh-ZOH-ah) testosterone | The testes produce the male sex cells, or ____________, and ____________. |
| carry the sperm from the testes to the exterior | The accessory organs of reproduction in men consist of the following structures: A series of passageways or ducts that _____________________ |
| secretions that protect and nurture sperm | The accessory organs of reproduction in men consist of the following structures: Additional sex glands that provide __________________? |
| external genitals | The accessory organs of reproduction in men consist of the following structures: The external reproductive organs called the ____________? |
| scrotum (SKROH-tum) 1° C (3° F) | Testes Structure and location They are located in the pouch like _________ , which is suspended outside of the body cavity below the penis. This exposed location provides an environment about _____________ cooler than normal body temperature, an importa |
| tunica (TOO-nih-kah) albuginea (al-byoo-JIN-ee-ah | each testis is surrounded by a tough, whitish membrane called the _______________________. This membrane covers the testicle and then enters the gland to form the many septa that divide it into sections or lobules |
| seminiferous (seh-mih-NIF-er-us) tubule | each lobule consists of a narrow but long and coiled _______________________. These coiled structures form the bulk of the testicular tissue mass. |
| interstitial (in-ter-STISH-al) cells testosterone (tes-TOS-teh-rohn). | Small, specialized cells lying near the septa that separate the lobules , These are the _____________ of the testes that secrete the male sex hormone _____________ |
| duct with a central lumen or passageway | Each seminiferous tubule is a long _______________. Sperm develop in the walls of the tubule and are then released into the lumen and begin their journey to the exterior of the body |
| spermatogenesis (sper-mah-toh-JEN-eh-sis) | Sperm production is called ___________________ |
| spermatogonia (sper-mah-toh-GO-nee-ah) | The testes prepare for sperm production before puberty by increasing the numbers of sperm precursor (stem) cells called__________________________. These cells are located near the outer edge of each seminiferous tubule |
| mitotic cell division | Before puberty, spermatogonia increase in number by the process of __________________ |
| parent daughter | mitosis results in the division of a "__________" cell into two "___________" cells, each identical to the parent and each containing a complete copy of the genetic material represented in the normal number of 46 chromosomes. |
| follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) | The hypothalamus secrete gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), which then stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ____________________ |
| FSH | When a boy enters puberty, circulating levels of _________ cause spermatogonia to undergo a unique type of cell division that ultimately results in the formation of sperm |
| daughter cells | When the spermatogonium undergoes mitosis and cell division occurs under the influence of FSH, it produces two _____________? |
| primary spermatocyte | specialized cell that undergoes meiosis to ultimately form sperm |
| meiosis | nuclear division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced to half the original number; produces gametes |
| two four | during meiosis,_________ cell divisions occur (not one as in mitosis) and__________ daughter cells (not two as in mitosis) are formed. |
| spermatids (SPER-mah-tidz) | The daughter cells are called________________ |
| four | each primary spermatocyte ultimately produces ________ sperm cells |
| spermatogonia primary and secondary spermatocytes mature but immotile sperm | in the portion of a seminiferous tubule, _____________ are found at the outer surface of the tubule,_________________ lie deeper in the tubule wall, and ______________ are seen about to enter the lumen of the tube and begin their journey through the repro |
| Spermatozoa | _______________ are among the smallest and most highly specialized cells in the body |
| head | All of the characteristics that a baby will inherit from its father at fertilization are contained in the condensed nuclear (genetic) material found in each sperm___________ |
| acrosome (AK-roh-sohm) | The nucleus is covered by the _______________—a specialized structure containing enzymes that enable the sperm to break down the covering of the ovum and permit entry if contact occurs |
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | Mitochondria in the midpiece synthesize ___________ to provide an energy source for the tail movements required to propel the sperm and allow them to "swim" for relatively long distances through the female reproductive ducts. |
| Masculinization Promotion and maintenance of the development of the male accessory organs Stimulation effect on protein anabolism. Testosterone thus is responsible for the greater muscular development and strength of the male. | Testosterone serves the following general functions: |
| seminiferous tubules | Sperm are formed within the walls of the _______________ of the testes |
| ducts | The ______ through which sperm must pass after exiting from the testes until they reach the exterior of the body are important components of the accessory reproductive structures |
| epididymis ductus (vas) deferens ejaculatory duct urethra | When sperm exits from these tubules within the testis, they enter and then pass, in sequence, through the __________, ___________ , _________, and the __________ on their journey out of the body |
| epididymis | tightly coiled tube that lies along the top and behind the testes where sperm mature and develop the ability to swim |
| ductus (DUK-tus) deferens (DEF-er-enz), or vas deferens | ________________ is the tube that permits sperm to exit from the epididymis and pass from the scrotal sac upward into the abdominal cavity. Each _____________ is a thick, smooth, very muscular, and movable tube that can easily be felt or "palpated" throug |
| cryptorchidism (krip-TOR-kih-diz-em) | a baby is born with undescended testes |
| ejaculatory duct | the ______________ passes through the substance of the prostate gland and permits sperm to empty into the urethra, which eventually passes through the penis and opens to the exterior at the external urethral orifice. |
| semen (SEE-men), or seminal fluid, | The term __________________ is used to describe the mixture of sex cells, or sperm, produced by the testes and the secretions of the accessory, or supportive, sex glands. |
| one prostate gland two bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands | The accessory glands, which contribute more than 95% of the secretions to the gelatinous fluid part of the semen, include the two seminal vesicles, __________, and _______________ |
| 5% | In addition to the production of sperm, the seminiferous tubules of the testes contribute somewhat less than _______ of the seminal fluid volume |
| 100 million sperm. | Usually 3 to 5 milliliters (mL) (about 1 teaspoon) of semen is ejaculated at one time, and each milliliter normally contains about _________________ |
| Semen | ______________ is alkaline and protects sperm from the acidic environment of the female reproductive tract. |
| seminal vesicles | The paired ______________ are pouchlike glands that contribute about 60% of the seminal fluid volume. Their secretions are yellowish, thick, and rich in the sugar fructose. This fraction of the seminal fluid helps provide a source of energy for the highly |
| prostate gland | The____________lies just below the bladder and is shaped like a doughnut. The urethra passes through the center of the prostate before traversing the penis to end at the external urinary orifice. |
| prostate | The ____________ secretes a thin, milk-colored fluid that constitutes about 30% of the total seminal fluid volume. This fraction of the ejaculate helps to activate the sperm and maintain their motility. |
| bulbourethral (BUL-boh-yoo-REE-thral) glands (also called Cowper's glands) | Each of the two ________________ resemble peas in size and shape |
| bulbourethral (BUL-boh-yoo-REE-thral) glands (also called Cowper's glands) | They are located just below the prostate gland and empty their secretions into the penile portion of the urethra |
| "pre-ejaculate." | Because the bulbourethral secretion is often released just before most of the rest of the semen is ejaculated, it is sometimes called the ________________ |
| bulbourethral (BUL-boh-yoo-REE-thral) glands (also called Cowper's glands) | The mucus-like secretions of these glands serve two protective functions: they (1) neutralize any residue of sperm damaging acidic urine in the terminal urethra and (2) lubricate the urethra to protect sperm from friction damage during ejaculation |
| genitalia (jen-i-TAIL-yah) | The penis (PEE-nis) and scrotum constitute the external reproductive organs, or________________ , of men |
| 3 corpus (KOHR-pus) spongiosum (spun-jee-OH-sum corpora (KOHR-pohr-ah) cavernosa (kav-er-NO-sah | The penis has __________ separate columns of erectile tissue in its shaft: one column of __________________, which surrounds the urethra, and two columns of ______________ , which lie above. |
| glans | At the distal end of the shaft of the penis is the enlarged__________ , which is covered with highly sensitive skin |
| foreskin prepuce (PREE-pus) | Over the sensitive skin of the glans is a doubly folded extension of the skin on the penis's shaft that forms a loose-fitting retractable collar called the ______ , or___________ |
| circumcision | If the foreskin fits too tightly about the glans, a ____________ , or surgical removal of the foreskin shortly after birth is usually performed to prevent irritation. |
| external urethral orifice | The ______________ is the opening of the urethra at the tip of the glans. |
| scrotum septum | The ___________ is a skin-covered pouch suspended from the groin. Internally, it is divided into two sacs by a ________; each sac contains a testis, epididymis, the lower part of the ductus deferens, and the beginning of the spermatic cords |
| Gonads: ovaries (right ovary and left ovary) | Female Reproductive Organs ESSENTIAL ORGANS: |
| uterine tubes (two), uterus, vagina | Female Reproductive Organs ACCESSORY ORGANS Ducts: |
| Bartholin's glands (two), breasts (two) | Female Reproductive Organs ACCESSORY ORGANS Accessory sex glands: |
| vulva | Female Reproductive Organs ACCESSORY ORGANS External genitals: |
| ovaries | The female sex cells, or ova, and the hormones estrogen and progesterone are produced in the _____________ |
| ovaries | The __________ resemble large almonds in size and shape and are attached to ligaments in the pelvic cavity on each side of the uterus. |
| ovarian follicle | pockets in the ovaries that contain developing oocytes |
| oocyte | immature stage of the female sex cell |
| primary follicle | the type of ovarian follicle present at puberty; covered with granulosa cells |
| granulosa cell | cell layer surrounding the oocyte |
| graafian follicle | a mature ovum in its sac |
| antrum (AN-trum) | As the thickness of the granulosa cell layer around the oocyte increases, a hollow chamber called an _______ appears, and a secondary follicle is formed. |
| corpus (KOHR-pus) luteum (LOO-tee-um), | after ovulation, the ruptured follicle is transformed into a hormone-secreting glandular structure called the ____________________ |
| oogenesis (oh-oh-JEN-eh-sis). | The production of female gametes, or sex cells, is called ______________________ |
| meiosis | The specialized type of cell division that results in sperm formation, ______________, is also responsible for development of ova. |
| meiosis | During the developmental phases experienced by the female sex cell from its earliest stage to just after fertilization, two meiotic divisions occur. As a result of ____________ in the female sex cell, the number of chromosomes is reduced equally in each d |
| polar bodies | The result is formation of one large ovum and small daughter cells called ___________ that degenerate. |
| ovum | The _______ , with its large supply of cytoplasm, is one of the body's largest cells and is uniquely designed to provide nutrients for rapid development of the embryo until implantation in the uterus occurs. |
| estrogen progesterone | The second major function of the ovary, in addition to oogenesis, is secretion of the sex hormones, ______ and________. |
| ovum | Hormone production in the ovary begins at puberty with the cyclic development and maturation of the __________ |
| estrogen | The granulosa cells around the oocyte in the growing and mature follicle secrete ____________ |
| Estrogen | _______________ is the sex hormone that causes the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and stimulates growth of the epithelial cells lining the uterus |
| external genitals | Some of the actions of estrogen include the following: Development and maturation of female reproductive organs, including the ______________ |
| Some of the actions of estrogen include the following: Appearance of pubic hair and breast development | |
| fat | Some of the actions of estrogen include the following: Development of female body contours by deposition of ___________below the skin surface and in the breasts and hip region |
| menstrual | Some of the actions of estrogen include the following: Initiation of the first ________ cycle |
| Progesterone | ________________ is produced by the corpus luteum, which is a glandular structure that develops from a follicle that has just released an ovum. |
| Progesterone | _____________ stimulates proliferation and vascularization of the epithelial lining of the uterus and acts with estrogen to initiate the menstrual cycle in girls entering puberty. |
| 11 | If stimulated by the appropriate anterior pituitary hormone, the corpus luteum produces progesterone for about__________ days after ovulation. |
| fallopian (fal-LOH-pee-an) tubes or oviducts (OH-vi-dukts) | The two uterine tubes, also called ___________________, serve as ducts for the ovaries, even though they are not attached to them. |
| fimbriae (FIM-bree-ee) | The outer end of each tube terminates in an expanded, funnel-shaped structure that has fringelike projections called _______________along its edge |
| uterine tubes | The mucosal lining of the __________ is directly continuous with the lining of the abdominal cavity on one end and with the lining of the uterus and vagina on the other. |
| uterus (YOO-ter-us) | The ___________ is a small organ—only about the size of a pear—but it is extremely strong. |
| myometrium (my-oh-MEE-tree-um) | Referring to the Uterus It is almost all muscle, or ____________ , with only a small cavity inside. |
| body cervix | The uterus is composed of two parts: an upper portion, the _______ and a lower narrow section, the ___________. |
| fundus | Just above the level where the uterine tubes attach to the body of the uterus, it rounds out to form a bulging prominence called the ______________ |
| liver | Except during pregnancy, the uterus lies in the pelvic cavity just behind the urinary bladder. By the end of pregnancy, it becomes large enough to extend up to the top of the abdominal cavity. It then pushes the _____________ against the underside of the |
| menstruation labor | The uterus functions in three processes—_________, pregnancy, and _________ |
| 11 | The corpus luteum stops secreting progesterone and decreases its secretion of estrogens about _____ days after ovulation. |
| 3 | About _______ days later, when the progesterone and estrogen concentrations in the blood are at their lowest, menstruation starts. |
| endometrium (en-doh-MEE-tree-um) | Small pieces of the mucous membrane lining of the uterus, or the _____________ , pull loose, leaving torn blood vessels underneath. |
| endometrium | Immediately after menstruation the ________ starts to repair itself. It again grows thick and becomes lavishly supplied with blood in preparation for pregnancy. |
| menstrual cycle | If fertilization does not take place, the uterus again sheds the lining made ready for a pregnancy that did not occur. Because these changes in the uterine lining continue to repeat themselves, they are spoken of as the ______________ |
| 11 to 12 years | Menstruation first occurs at puberty, often around the age of ______________ |
| menopause (MEN-oh-pawz) | Normally the cycle repeats about every 28 days or 13 times a year for some 30 to 40 years before it ceases at __________ , when a woman is somewhere around the age of 50 years. |
| vagina (vah-JYE-nah) | The ___________ is a distensible tube about 10 cm (4 inches) long, made mainly of smooth muscle and lined with mucous membrane. |
| vagina | It lies in the pelvic cavity between the urinary bladder and the rectum |
| greater vestibular (ves-TIB-yoo-lar) | One of the small Bartholin's (BAR-toh-linz), or ____________, glands lies to the right of the vaginal outlet, and one lies to the left of it. |
| the vestibule | Secretion of a mucus-like lubricating fluid is their function. Their ducts open into the space between the labia minora and the vaginal orifice called___________ |
| breasts | The _______________ lie over the pectoral muscles and are attached to them by connective tissue ligaments. |
| fat | Breast size is determined more by the amount of ______________ around the glandular (milk-secreting) tissue than by the amount of glandular tissue itself |
| 15 to 20 | Each breast consists of __________ divisions or lobes that are arranged radially |
| milk-secreting | Each lobe consists of several lobules, and each lobule consists of ___________ glandular cells. |
| alveoli. | The milk-secreting cells are arranged in grapelike clusters called _____________ |
| Lactiferous (lak-TIF-er-us) | Small ________________ ducts drain the alveoli and converge toward the nipple like the spokes of a wheel. |
| areola (ah-REE-oh-lah) | Only one lactiferous duct leads from each lobe to an opening in the nipple. The colored area around the nipple is the ____________ |
| lymphatic system | Knowledge of the lymphatic drainage of the breast is important because cancerous cells from breast tumors often spread to other areas of the body through the _____________ |
| 1.Mons pubis 2.Clitoris 3.Orifice of urethra 4.Labia minora (singular, labium minus) (small lips) 5.Hymen 6.Orifice, duct of Bartholin's gland 7.Orifice of vagina 8.Labia majora (singular, labium majus) (large lips) | The external genitalia, or vulva (VUL-vah), of women consist of the following: |
| mons pubis | The _________________ is a skin-covered pad of fat over the symphysis pubis. Hair appears on this structure at puberty and persists throughout life. |
| labia minora | The ______________ , or "small lips," are located within the labia majora and are covered with modified skin. |
| clitoris (KLIT-oh-ris) | The____________, which is composed of erectile tissue, is located just behind the anterior junction of the labia minora. |
| hymen (HYE-men) | The vaginal orifice is sometimes partially closed by a membranous ______________ |
| perineum (pair-i-NEE-um) | The term _______________ is used to describe the area between the vaginal opening and anus. |
| episiotomy (eh-piz-ee-OT-oh-mee) | This area (perineum) is sometimes cut in a surgical procedure called an _______________ to prevent tearing of tissue during childbirth. |
| menarche (meh-NAR-kee) | The first menses (MEN-seez), or menstrual flow, is referred to as the _______________. |
| menses proliferative secretory | The three periods of time in each cycle are called the ________, the ___________ phase, and the _______ phase. |
| menses | The ___________ is a period of 4 or 5 days characterized by menstrual bleeding |
| proliferative | The __________ phase begins after the menstrual flow ends and lasts until ovulation. |
| proliferative phase | During this period the follicles mature, the uterine lining thickens (proliferates), and estrogen secretion increases to its highest level. |
| secretory | The ____________ phase of the menstrual cycle begins at ovulation and lasts until the next menses begins. It is during this phase of the menstrual cycle that the uterine lining reaches its greatest thickness and the ovary secretes its highest levels of pr |
| 14 14 | Ovulation occurs ____________ days before the next menses begins. In a 28-day cycle, this means that ovulation occurs around day ________ of the cycle |
| 12 to 24 | . The oocyte remains viable and capable of being fertilized for only about _______ hours after ovulation. |
| fertile period | A woman's ______________therefore lasts only a few days each month—from between 3 to 5 days prior to, and no later than 24 hours after, ovulation. |
| Ovulation cannot occur if the blood level of FSH stays low because a high concentration of this hormone is essential to stimulation of ovarian follicle growth and maturation. | |
| With a low level of FSH, no follicles start to grow, and therefore none become ripe enough to ovulate | |
| Ovulation is caused by the combined actions of FSH and LH | |
| Birth control pills that contain estrogen substances suppress FSH secretion. | |
| Ovulation occurs, as we have said, because of the combined actions of the two anterior pituitary hormones, FSH and LH. | |
| estrogen and progesterone | The next question is, what causes menstruation? a sudden, sharp decrease in ________________ secretion toward the end of the secretory phase causes the uterine lining to break down and another menstrual period to begin. |
| Ovaries Testes Estrogen and progesterone Uterine (fallopian) tubes, uterus, and vagina Ductus (vas) deferens, urethra, and epididymis Clitoris and vulva Penis and scrotum | FEATURES FEMALE MALE Essential organs: _________ __________ Hormones : _________ ___________ Duct systems: ________________ ____________ External genitals: ____________ _______________ |
| Ova (eggs) Sperm Granulosa cells and corpus luteum Interstitial cells | FEATURES FEMALE MALE Sex cells _______ _____________ Hormone-producing cells ________ ____________ |
| At the highest level, the function of the human reproductive system is to create new life. T/F | T |
| Select the statement that accurately describes the muscular system. A.The muscular system is composed of two different types of muscles. B.The muscular system is composed of muscles, tendons, and ligaments. C.The muscular system is responsible for co | D |
| A patient comes to the emergency room after passing out. The doctor discovers a very low amount of salts in the body. The doctor should suspect problems with the patient's __________. A.gallbladder because the salts are not properly digested B.kidney | B |
| Which of the following is NOT transferred by alveoli? A.oxygen B.blood C.carbon dioxide D.gases | B |
| A condition that affects the urinary system and can be fatal is __________. A.a stomach ulcer B.kidney failure C.irritable bowel syndrome D.lactose intolerance | B |
| Formulate a weekly schedule that shows evidence of three different activities beneficial for your muscular system. | Activity every day, aerobic exercises for 30 minute three times a week, time to rest and relax, reducing stress, warming up muscles before activity, and eating a healthy diet. |
| Briefly describe the importance of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems. | The skeletal system supports and gives structure to the body. The muscular system allows for all voluntary and involuntary movement. The nervous system controls all actions and functions in the body. |
| A signal from the nervous system that is sent from the brain to the hand would follow a different pathway than a signal sent from the hand to the brain. T/F | F |
| What is the role of the adrenal gland in the body? | The adrenal glands are attached to each kidney where they regulate both salt and water levels in the body. In addition, they control the stress response in difficult situations. |
| Lisa goes to the doctor because she is experiencing the need for urination more frequently than normal and has a burning sensation when she does. Lisa's symptoms indicate that she probably has __________. A.kidney stones B.constipation C.a urinary tr | C |
| Explain why cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in men and women in the United States. | Generally, many cardiovascular diseases are related to lifestyle behaviors. Factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease include lack of a balanced diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and the lack of regular doctor visits. |
| The kidneys are paired structures that __________. A.transport urine to the bladder B.help in digestion of carbohydrates C.regulate salts, waters, and other minerals D.absorb nutrients into the bloodstream | C |
| Bones provide both structure and protection for the body. T/F | T |
| Explain how smoking damages the respiratory system and name two conditions that can develop when a person smokes. | The lungs need to remain elastic so they can effectively move oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body. By smoking, you are actually introducing carbon monoxide into the body, which is toxic. Tars and other chemicals will settle on the cili |
| In the digestive system, food that has been completely processed is found __________. A.in the liver B.in the esophagus C.in the large intestines D.in the small intestines | C |
| Which of the following BEST describes what alveoli are? A.They are the smallest tubes in the respiratory system. B.They have a small amount of surface area. C.They are found on the end of bronchioles. D.They are comprised of millions of cells. | C |
| The human reproductive system is ultimately designed to _________. A.keep the body disease free B.create growth hormones C.create new life D.absorb nutrients | C |
| Sasha is diabetic, which means that she has trouble digesting carbohydrates due to a malfunction in one of her organs. Which organ in the digestive system is NOT working properly? A.liver B.pancreas C.small intestines D.gall bladder | B |
| One reason the skeletal system is important is because __________. A.without the skeletal system, an individual would not have enough calcium to live B.the skeletal system creates the connective tissue and tendons that allow the body to move C.the sk | B |
| If Marlene were having difficulties with digestion, the BEST things to do would be to __________. A.increase fiber, lower salt, and drink water B.exercise, eat high-fiber foods, and drink plenty of water C.limit salt intake, reduce caffeine, and keep | B |
| Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to capillaries. T/F | T |
| The ovaries are part of the endocrine system. T/F | T |
| Nephritis is caused by __________. A.inflammation in the kidney B.inflammation in the pancreas C.inflammation in the bladder D.inflammation in the bowel | A |
| Without a gallbladder, a person would be unable to produce bile. T/F | F |
| The __________ is responsible for creating sperm cells. A.testicle B.epididymis C.penis D.vas deferens | A |
| The right ventricle transports oxygenated blood to the lungs. T/F | T |
| If you were creating a presentation that would cover the different types of muscles in the body, which groups of muscle would you need to include? A.skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles B.cartilage, tendons, and skeletal muscles C.voluntary, cardiac | C |
| Bile is produced in the __________ and stored in the __________ until it is needed. A.pancreas . . . gallbladder B.stomach . . . small intestines C.gallbladder . . . pancreas D.liver . . . gallbladder | D |
| Which of the following describes the changes that occur during the 3rd week of the menstruation cycle? A.The egg matures within the ovary. B.The egg travels through the fallopian tube to the uterus. C.The unfertilized egg is removed from the uterus. | B |
| All cardiovascular diseases are caused by poor lifestyle choices. T/F | F |
| Kidneys pass waste products through the ureters to the __________. A.urethra B.bladder C.stomach D.small intestine | B |
| If people have trouble digesting fats, they most likely have trouble with __________. A.the esophagus and liver B.the pancreas and stomach C.the liver and gallbladder D.the small intestine and large intestine | C |
| Proteins are absorbed faster than fats in the digestive system. T/F | T |
| When participating in sports and other physical activities, men should __________. A.wear protective equipment for their penis and scrotum B.wear a condom C.always wear tight clothing that constricts blood flow to the penis and scrotum D.none of th | A |
| Nutrients and waste both enter and leave cells through a process called __________. A.effusion B.diffusion C.fusion D.emulsion | B |
| How many chambers does the heart contain? A.3 B.4 C.5 D.6 | B |
| What percentage of blood is made up of plasma? A.55% B.40% C.10% D.5% | A |
| The urethra is a tube that carries both semen and urine through the penis. T/F | T |
| Hormones are chemicals secreted and regulated by the endocrine system. T/F | T |
| The pituitary gland is located in the brain and controls __________. A.skin conditions B.the rest of the endocrine glands C.the regeneration of nerve cells D.involuntary motor skills | B |
| Epilepsy is considered a degenerative disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. | False |
| An individual having a history of migraine headaches would most likely be diagnosed with having __________. A. a common disorder of the central nervous system B. a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system C. a disorder of the peripheral nerv | A. a common disorder of the central nervous system |
| The peripheral nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. | False. |
| There are more smooth muscles in the body than skeletal muscles. | False. |
| Which of the following would be the BEST activity to help you maintain a healthy skeletal system? A. exercising often and eating a balanced diet B. resting often and receiving proper immunizations C. exercising often and eating only protein for your mo | A. exercising often and eating a balanced diet |
| Cardiac muscles are considered smooth muscles. | False. |
| If you were creating a presentation that would cover the different types of muscles in the body, which groups of muscle would you need to include? | Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles. |
| Which statement BEST describes the skeletal system? A. The skeletal system is a system of cartilage that supports the body and makes red and white blood cells. B. The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, tendons, and the muscles that connect | C. The skeletal system is composed of a rigid structure of bones that support the body and make red and white blood cells. |
| The nervous system is responsible for your sense of smell. | True |
| Define ligament. | A strong connective tissue which connects bones together. |
| Define tendon. | A connective tissue that joins bone to muscle. |
| Define cartilage. | A stiff connective tissue which provides support for joints. |
| Define muscular system. | The system of muscles and tendons which provide energy to generate movement of the body. |
| Define nervous system. | A network of nerves which helps to coordinate the body's actions and transmit messages to all parts of the body. |
| Define peripheral nervous system. | The system composed of all the nerves and nerve endings in the body which transmit environmental information to, and receive instructions from, the central nervous system. |
| How many bones are in the skeletal system? | 206 |
| What parts of the body contain cartilage? | Nose, ears, and throat. |
| What are some ways to properly care for your skeletal system? | -eat/drink calcium-rich everyday -keep active |
| What are common skeletal issues? | -fractures -arthritis -osteoporosis |
| What is the integration of the muscular system? | -muscles receive electrical signals from nervous system to move -muscles get energy to move from digestive system -muscles use leverage from their attachment via tendons to the skeletal system |
| What are the characteristics of skeletal muscles? | -controlled by CNS (voluntary) -attached to bones -used to move large parts of body |
| What are the characteristics of cardiac muscles? | -involuntary -control beating of the heart |
| What are the characteristics of smooth muscles? | -involuntary -control daily functioning of breathing, digestion, perspiration, and urination. |
| How can one take care of their muscular system? | -warming up before exercise -eating healthy -relaxation -active everyday -aerobic exercise 3 times a week |
| What are common muscular issues? | -tendon damage -muscular dystrophy -atrophy -sprains -strains |
| How does the CNS work? | Electrical signals (in response to stimuli) are generated in the brain and transmitted to the PNS through the spinal cord. |
| How does the PNS work? | Nerves send sensory input to the CNS and receive instructions back. |
| How can one care for their nervous system? | -protect self from injury -exercise -keep brain active -maintain healthy diet |
| What are common nervous system issues, disorders, and degenerative? | Issues: headaches, spinal cord injuries Disorders: epilepsy, cerebral palsy Degenerative: Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's |
| An individual visits the doctor because they notice that, over time, they have been losing muscle strength. Which explanation will the doctor MOST likely give? A. The individual could have a muscle injury that is caused by a sprain. B. The individual c | C. The individual could have muscular dystrophy. |
| Stacey has recently had a car accident and has lost her sense of taste as a result. It's MOST likely that she has __________. A. damaged her peripheral nervous system because the information regarding taste cannot be transmitted back to her brain B. da | A. damaged her peripheral nervous system because the information regarding taste cannot be transmitted back to her brain |
| Bones are composed mostly of __________. A. magnesium B. vitamins C. calcium D. cartilage | C. calcium |
| A signal from the nervous system that is sent from the brain to the hand would follow a different pathway than a signal sent from the hand to the brain. | False. |
| With age, muscles can become weaker. This is due to __________. A. connections between nerves, which cause more pain and therefore less use B. damage from everyday use and injuries that accumulate over time C. disconnections between motor nerves and mu | C. disconnections between motor nerves and muscle fibers |
| In what theory of muscle growth are muscle fibers able to split and create new fibers? | Hyperplasia. |
| Two individuals start the same training program at the same time, but one is able to grow muscle faster and larger than the other. What is the least likely explanation for this? A. One was born with more muscle fibers. B. One has a more consistent trai | A. One was born with more muscle fibers. |
| If you wanted to increase your muscular endurance, it would be important to participate in activities that __________. A. increase the size of the muscle cells and the amount of blood that is delivered to the muscle B. decrease the amount of fuel that t | A. increase the size of the muscle cells and the amount of blood that is delivered to the muscle |
| Muscles make up more than _____% of a person's body mass. | 40 |
| The overriding problem with both theories of muscle growth, hypertrophy and hyperplasia, is that __________. A. neither can be accepted as correct because muscle growth is difficult to study in humans B. neither one is theoretically possible C. neither | A. neither can be accepted as correct because muscle growth is difficult to study in humans |
| Which of the following is an example of improved functioning as related to the benefits of muscular strength and endurance training? A. having stronger bones B. easier to do household chores C. lower blood pressure D. larger lung capacity | A. having stronger bones |
| Strength training is beneficial because it decreases your risk of injury. Which statement BEST describes why this is true? A. Muscular fitness training can prevent or improve diabetes and sarcopenia. B. Muscular fitness training increases muscle mass, w | C. Muscular fitness training strengthens tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. |
| Dawn is trying to find out how much weight she can push across the room. She is trying to find her: A. flexibility B. muscular endurance C. cardiovascular fitness D. muscular strength | D. muscular strength |
| In some sports, muscular strength can be more important than muscular endurance. | True. |
| Define sarcopenia. | The natural decline in muscle mass due to aging. |
| Define osteoporosis. | A condition marked by progressive loss of bone tissue and a reduction in bone density. |
| Define hypertrophy. | An increase in size and strength of muscle. |
| Define atrophy. | The process by which muscles diminish in size and strength. |
| Muscles impact body composition and metabolism. | True. |
| What two factors does muscle strength depend on? | Size of muscle cells and the ability of nerves to activate muscles. |
| What three factors does muscular endurance depend on? | -size of muscle cells -ability of muscles to store fuel -blood supply to muscles |
| Back pain affects 85% of Americans. | True. |
| Strength training improves body composition by increasing muscle mass and metabolism. | True. |
| Skeletal muscles contain muscle fibers, connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessels. | True. |
| What are the two categories of muscle fibers? | Type 1: slow-twitch muscle fibers Type 2: fast-twitch muscle fibers (type 2 A and type 2 B) |
| What are the characteristics of Type 1 muscle fibers? | -slow to contract -high resistance to fatigue -receive energy aerobically -important for endurance activities |
| What are the characteristics of Type 2 A muscle fibers? | -fast to contract -intermediate resistance to fatigue -receive energy aerobically and anaerobically |
| What are the characteristics of Type 2 B muscle fibers? | -very fast to contract -low resistance to fatigue -receive energy anaerobically |
| What are the three types of contractions? | Concentric, eccentric, and isometric (static) |
| What are the four other factors that influence muscle growth? | -genetic potential -consistent training habits -current strength level -training intensity |
| What are the components of health-related fitness? | Cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, muscular strength, muscular endurance, body composition. |
| An individual picks up a cup and drinks from it. This is an example of __________. A. a concentric contraction because muscles cause the elbow joint and arm to move B. an eccentric contraction because the release of the muscle in the back of the arm cau | A. a concentric contraction because muscles cause the elbow joint and arm to move |
| Which statement BEST describes the factors that affect muscular endurance? A. size of the muscle cells, ability to store fuel, and blood supply to the muscles B. number of muscles, amount of exercise, and type of person C. level of flexibility, amount | A. size of the muscle cells, ability to store fuel, and blood supply to the muscles |
| An individual has sarcopenia. In order to prevent this condition from becoming any worse, what action should be taken? A. decrease the amount of time spent exercising each week B. participate in more activities like weight training C. cut back on the | B. participate in more activities like weight training |
| Lisa and Rachel want to determine their muscular endurance, but they don't have access to a gym or any weight-lifting equipment. What can they use? A. maxing out method B. percent of 1 RM method C. calisthenic method D. absolute method | C. calisthenic method |
| Marcel and Jose lifted 50 pounds as many times as they could. Marcel could lift the weight 25 times. Jose could lift the weight 30 times. Marcel and Jose can conclude that __________. A. Jose has better muscular endurance than Marcel B. Jose has better | A. Jose has better muscular endurance than Marcel |
| Maggie plans a workout for Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday where she lifts weights that cover all of her major muscle groups. She will lift the most weight that she can handle and still control her form. Her plan is to do seven repetitions and three sets | B. Maggie would build muscular strength because of the weight sets and repetitions she has chosen. |
| It is important to allow a muscle group 48 hours to recover after targeted weight lifting. | True. |
| The proper way to increase progression in weight training is to gradually increase the amount and type of stimulus applied to the muscle. | True. |
| Jamie and Scott did sit-ups, push-ups, and curl-ups, and then compared the information to find out who had better __________. A. endurance, using the calisthenic method B. strength, using the max 1 RPM method C. strength, using the absolute method D. | A. endurance, using the calisthenic method |
| If you want to increase your muscular endurance, which workout would be BEST suited to help you reach your goals? A. a workout that uses five sets of five reps and works out each specific muscle group three times a week, treating every other day as a res | C. a workout that uses three sets of 15 repetitions and works each muscle group four times a week, treating every other day as a rest day |
| Which statement BEST describes how muscles respond to weight training? A. Weight training stretches the muscles' limits and makes the muscles longer. B. Weight training pushes the muscles' abilities, making the muscles gain endurance. C. Weight trainin | D. Weight training overloads muscles, causing the body to make muscle fibers larger. |
| Which of the following methods is the most effective in determining muscular strength if you do not want to worry about selecting the wrong weight? A. maxing out B. absolute method C. predicting 1 RM D. calisthenic method | C. predicting 1 RM |
| Which types of lifts require spotters? | Dead lifts, bench presses, and squats. |
| In weight training, "listen to your body" means to stop lifting if you feel bored or unmotivated. | False. |
| The proper sequence of a weight-lifting workout includes a warm-up period, followed by stretching, weight lifting, and stretching again. | True. |
| Feeling pain while lifting is a signal from your body that you are building muscle. | False. |
| What would be the most likely outcome if a young man were using anabolic steroids? A. He could go into insulin shock and die. B. He could have trouble with his blood sugar. C. He could develop fatigue or depression. D. He could develop breasts and hig | D. He could develop breasts and high blood pressure. |
| When doing curls, John is careful to extend through the full range of motion and quickly lock his elbows to make sure that he does not drop the weight. This is an example of __________. A. a good technique because he moves quickly B. a bad technique be | D. a bad technique because he quickly locks a joint |
| Joseph is taking amphetamines to combat fatigue during his workout. This may not be a good idea because __________. A. amphetamines may cause liver and kidney damage if used for an extended period of time B. amphetamines may cause depression and fatigu | B. amphetamines may cause depression and fatigue after the effect wears off. |
| When spotting an overhead press, the spotter would need to __________. A. keep his or her hands off the lifter and weights and make sure the lifter did not fall back B. keep his or her hands beneath the bar and watch the bar carefully C. hold the lifte | B. keep his or her hands beneath the bar and watch the bar carefully |
| Which of the following is NOT a common type of weight-training workout organization? A. large muscles vs. small muscles B. front of the body exercises vs. back of the body exercises C. pushing exercises vs. pulling exercises D. strongest muscles vs. w | B. front of the body exercises vs. back of the body exercises |
| The principle difference between isometric and isotonic exercises is the __________. A. use of free weights and weight machines B. rate of calories burned during exercise C. change in muscle length during exercise D. type of muscles exercised | C. change in muscle length during exercise |
| Which of the following is a myth about weight lifting? A. Not everyone can become a bodybuilder through weight training. B. Women who lift weights will develop large, bulky muscles. C. People who weight train don't need protein supplements. D. Spot tr | B. Women who lift weights will develop large, bulky muscles. |
| The rear deltoid row is a back exercise. | True. |
| A one-repetition maximum is most important in developing muscle __________. A. strength B. size C. endurance D. appearance | A. strength |
| Why is spot training a myth? A. Exercise only burns fat in specific body regions. B. Weight training strengthens muscles but does not burn fat. C. The results of spot training are not consistent. D. Exercise cannot burn fat in a target body region. | D. Exercise cannot burn fat in a target body region. |
| What distinguishes push-ups from other chest exercises such as the bench press and dumbbell flies? A. The bench press also exercises the legs. B. Push-ups are a variable resistance exercise. C. Push-ups do not require any weights or machines. D. Push- | C. Push-ups do not require any weights or machines. |
| Weight training requires that individuals add supplemental protein to their diet. | False |
| Which of the following is TRUE about protein and supplements in diets? A. Everyone needs additional protein in their diet. B. Weight lifters need to include supplements in their diets. C. It is uncertain whether many dietary supplements are effective. | C. It is uncertain whether many dietary supplements are effective. |
| Well-designed weight-training programs should target all six body areas. | True. |
| Define isometric (or static) exercise. | Exercise involving muscle contraction without a change in the length of the muscle. |
| Define isotonic (or dynamic) exercise. | Exercise involving muscle contraction with a change in the length of the muscle. |
| Define eccentric muscle contraction. | Muscle lengthens. |
| Define concentric muscle contraction. | Muscle shortens. |
| Define plyometrics. | Performing exercises in which muscles exert a maximal force in short intervals of time with the goal of increasing power. |
| Define isokinetic exercise. | An exercise exerting force at a constant speed against an equal force using special machine; builds strength and endurance. |
| Define calisthenics. | Exercises which use body weight and gravity to provide resistance (push-ups, squats, etc.). |
| Which type of exercise is useful after an injury or surgery because it strengthens the muscles even though the joints are weakened? A. isometric B. isokinetic C. plyometrics D. calisthenics | A. isometric |
| Which type of exercise can be performed using free weights, body weights, or machines? A. Isometric B. Isotonic C. Plyometrics D. Isokinetic | B. Isotonic |
| What are the two types of isotonic (dynamic) contraction? | -concentric -eccentric |
| Plyometrics develops explosive strength and builds/maintains bone density. | True. |
| Plyometrics uses eccentric and concentric contraction. | True. |
| What are some types of isotonic techniques? | -plyometrics -speed loading (moving weight rapidly) -isokinetic exercises -calisthenics (can be isometric as well) |
| What are the six major areas of weight training? | -chest -back -legs -shoulders -arms -abdominals |
| What are three chest exercises? | -bench presses -dumbbell flies -push ups |
| What are three back exercises? | -lat pull downs -good mornings -rear deltoid row |
| What are three leg exercises? | -squats -leg curls -lunges -leg presses -calf raises |
| What are three shoulder exercises? | -shoulder shrugs -upright rows -shoulder press |
| What are three arm exercises? | -triceps extension -barbell curl -dips -preacher curls -concentration curls |
| What are three abdominal exercises? | -crunches -side bends -abdominal pull-in -decline crunches -abdominal twists |
| Females who lift weights won't develop large and bulky muscles because: A. they have more muscle fibers than men B. they have thicker muscle fibers than men C. they have lower testosterone levels than men D. all of the above | C. they have lower testosterone levels than men |
| When comparing a well-designed muscular strength workout to a well-designed muscular endurance workout, you would conclude that __________. A. fewer repetitions with heavier weights would build muscular strength, while less weight and more repetitions wo | A. fewer repetitions with heavier weights would build muscular strength, while less weight and more repetitions would build muscular endurance |
| Lisa is beginning a weight-training program to firm up and gain muscular strength. She has decided to do some cycling or treadmill jogging to warm up, stretch before the workout and lift weights that isolate each muscle group in her body. She'll take the | D. Lisa might experience symptoms of overtraining, like weight loss and increased irritability. |
| Weight lifters often use supplements and drugs to enhance their appearance or performance. In which scenario is the weight lifter placing himself or herself at the greatest risk for harm? A. An overweight high school football player is using caffeine to | C. A healthy high school wrestler is using anabolic steroids to build muscle mass. |
| When using the max out method to determine muscular strength, you must first do a warm-up set and a complete set before attempting your one rep max. | True. |
| Shawna is trying to figure out the best weight to increase her muscular strength. She has chosen a weight and can lift it two times. What should she do to get the BEST workout? A. decrease the amount of weight until she can do ten reps B. increase the a | C. decrease the amount of weight until she can do five reps |
| While carefully watching the lifter, the spotter stands with her feet together and her hands ready. In terms of safety, this could BEST be described as __________. A. poor technique because her feet should be positioned differently B. good technique be | A. poor technique because her feet should be positioned differently |
| One reason the skeletal system is important is because __________. A. without the skeletal system, an individual would not have enough calcium to live B. the skeletal system creates the connective tissue and tendons that allow the body to move C. the s | B. the skeletal system creates the connective tissue and tendons that allow the body to move |
| Which workout schedule would be BEST suited for a weight-lifting workout that builds both strength and endurance? A. lifting weights four days a week with 2 to 4 repetitions B. lifting weights every day with 8 to 10 repetitions C. lifting weights three | C. lifting weights three days a week with 12 to 20 repetitions |
| When using the absolute method to assess muscular endurance, you should adjust the weight according to each individual's strength ability. | True. |
| When comparing the proper position for spotting different exercises, you can conclude that, in spotting any exercise, it is important to __________. A. stand with your feet together B. keep your hand on the bar C. keep your back upright D. place your | C. keep your back upright |
| If Cindy wanted to increase her endurance by taking supplements or drugs, she would be attempting to increase the __________. A. uptake of oxygen by red blood cells B. release of sugars in the blood stream C. uptake of carbohydrates by the body D. rel | A. uptake of oxygen by red blood cells |
| If we wanted to compare muscular endurance between a very large person and a very small person, what method would be the BEST method to use? A. absolute method B. maxing out C. callisthenic method D. fixed percentage of RM method | D. fixed percentage of RM method |
| Which of the following BEST defines muscles? A. long flexible tendons that connect bones B. tough strong tissues that provide energy to perform physical activities C. thick fibrous cartilage that act when sent electrical signals D. smooth long fibers | B. tough strong tissues that provide energy to perform physical activities |
| At the highest level, the function of the human reproductive system is to create new life. T/F | T |
| Select the statement that accurately describes the muscular system. A.The muscular system is composed of two different types of muscles. B.The muscular system is composed of muscles, tendons, and ligaments. C.The muscular system is responsible for co | D |
| A patient comes to the emergency room after passing out. The doctor discovers a very low amount of salts in the body. The doctor should suspect problems with the patient's __________. A.gallbladder because the salts are not properly digested B.kidney | B |
| Which of the following is NOT transferred by alveoli? A.oxygen B.blood C.carbon dioxide D.gases | B |
| A condition that affects the urinary system and can be fatal is __________. A.a stomach ulcer B.kidney failure C.irritable bowel syndrome D.lactose intolerance | B |
| Formulate a weekly schedule that shows evidence of three different activities beneficial for your muscular system. | Activity every day, aerobic exercises for 30 minute three times a week, time to rest and relax, reducing stress, warming up muscles before activity, and eating a healthy diet. |
| Briefly describe the importance of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems. | The skeletal system supports and gives structure to the body. The muscular system allows for all voluntary and involuntary movement. The nervous system controls all actions and functions in the body. |
| A signal from the nervous system that is sent from the brain to the hand would follow a different pathway than a signal sent from the hand to the brain. T/F | F |
| What is the role of the adrenal gland in the body? | The adrenal glands are attached to each kidney where they regulate both salt and water levels in the body. In addition, they control the stress response in difficult situations. |
| Lisa goes to the doctor because she is experiencing the need for urination more frequently than normal and has a burning sensation when she does. Lisa's symptoms indicate that she probably has __________. A.kidney stones B.constipation C.a urinary tr | C |
| Explain why cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in men and women in the United States. | Generally, many cardiovascular diseases are related to lifestyle behaviors. Factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease include lack of a balanced diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and the lack of regular doctor visits. |
| The kidneys are paired structures that __________. A.transport urine to the bladder B.help in digestion of carbohydrates C.regulate salts, waters, and other minerals D.absorb nutrients into the bloodstream | C |
| Bones provide both structure and protection for the body. T/F | T |
| Explain how smoking damages the respiratory system and name two conditions that can develop when a person smokes. | The lungs need to remain elastic so they can effectively move oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body. By smoking, you are actually introducing carbon monoxide into the body, which is toxic. Tars and other chemicals will settle on the cili |
| In the digestive system, food that has been completely processed is found __________. A.in the liver B.in the esophagus C.in the large intestines D.in the small intestines | C |
| Which of the following BEST describes what alveoli are? A.They are the smallest tubes in the respiratory system. B.They have a small amount of surface area. C.They are found on the end of bronchioles. D.They are comprised of millions of cells. | C |
| The human reproductive system is ultimately designed to _________. A.keep the body disease free B.create growth hormones C.create new life D.absorb nutrients | C |
| Sasha is diabetic, which means that she has trouble digesting carbohydrates due to a malfunction in one of her organs. Which organ in the digestive system is NOT working properly? A.liver B.pancreas C.small intestines D.gall bladder | B |
| One reason the skeletal system is important is because __________. A.without the skeletal system, an individual would not have enough calcium to live B.the skeletal system creates the connective tissue and tendons that allow the body to move C.the sk | B |
| If Marlene were having difficulties with digestion, the BEST things to do would be to __________. A.increase fiber, lower salt, and drink water B.exercise, eat high-fiber foods, and drink plenty of water C.limit salt intake, reduce caffeine, and keep | B |
| Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to capillaries. T/F | T |
| The ovaries are part of the endocrine system. T/F | T |
| Nephritis is caused by __________. A.inflammation in the kidney B.inflammation in the pancreas C.inflammation in the bladder D.inflammation in the bowel | A |
| Without a gallbladder, a person would be unable to produce bile. T/F | F |
| The __________ is responsible for creating sperm cells. A.testicle B.epididymis C.penis D.vas deferens | A |
| The right ventricle transports oxygenated blood to the lungs. T/F | T |
| If you were creating a presentation that would cover the different types of muscles in the body, which groups of muscle would you need to include? A.skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles B.cartilage, tendons, and skeletal muscles C.voluntary, cardiac | C |
| Bile is produced in the __________ and stored in the __________ until it is needed. A.pancreas . . . gallbladder B.stomach . . . small intestines C.gallbladder . . . pancreas D.liver . . . gallbladder | D |
| Which of the following describes the changes that occur during the 3rd week of the menstruation cycle? A.The egg matures within the ovary. B.The egg travels through the fallopian tube to the uterus. C.The unfertilized egg is removed from the uterus. | B |
| All cardiovascular diseases are caused by poor lifestyle choices. T/F | F |
| Kidneys pass waste products through the ureters to the __________. A.urethra B.bladder C.stomach D.small intestine | B |
| If people have trouble digesting fats, they most likely have trouble with __________. A.the esophagus and liver B.the pancreas and stomach C.the liver and gallbladder D.the small intestine and large intestine | C |
| Proteins are absorbed faster than fats in the digestive system. T/F | T |
| When participating in sports and other physical activities, men should __________. A.wear protective equipment for their penis and scrotum B.wear a condom C.always wear tight clothing that constricts blood flow to the penis and scrotum D.none of th | A |
| Nutrients and waste both enter and leave cells through a process called __________. A.effusion B.diffusion C.fusion D.emulsion | B |
| How many chambers does the heart contain? A.3 B.4 C.5 D.6 | B |
| What percentage of blood is made up of plasma? A.55% B.40% C.10% D.5% | A |
| The urethra is a tube that carries both semen and urine through the penis. T/F | T |
| Hormones are chemicals secreted and regulated by the endocrine system. T/F | T |
| The pituitary gland is located in the brain and controls __________. A.skin conditions B.the rest of the endocrine glands C.the regeneration of nerve cells D.involuntary motor skills | B |
| The cardiovascular system, which transports blood through the body, is a one-way system. | True |
| Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a healthy diet? | low in carbohydrates |
| What respiratory structure controls breathing? | diaphragm |
| Which of the following is a possible result of hypertension? | stroke |
| Which of the following is a healthy blood pressure level? | 110/75 |
| The aorta pumps blood out of the heart to the rest of the body. | True |
| Air is warmed and moisten as it moves through both the mouth and nasal passages. | True |
| White blood cells prevent the loss of blood by causing clotting. | False |
| What function do capillaries serve in the cardiovascular system? | help control body temperature |
| How many chambers does the heart contain? | 4 |
| In the human body, the larynx is attached to the trachea. | True |
| Once entering the nose, air moves through both the pharynx and larynx. | True |
| What percentage of blood is made up of plasma? | 55% |
| Both the heart and arteries contract to pump blood throughout the body. | True |
| The right ventricle transports oxygenated blood to the lungs. | False |
| Each lung is fed oxygen by a separate bronchus. | True |
| Nutrients and waste both enter and leave cells through a process called __________. | diffusion |
| All cardiovascular diseases are caused by poor lifestyle choices. | False |
| Your friend Amanda suffers from a condition that reduces her blood's ability to carry oxygen. Which of the following is the name of that condition? | anemia |
| Two hours of moderate exercise every week can reduce the risk of developing heart disease by 30%. | True |
| The failure to deliver blood to the heart due to a narrowing of arteries results in __________. | coronary heart disease |
| What distinguishes atherosclerosis from arteriosclerosis? | Atherosclerosis is characterized by plaque buildup. |
| Which of the following is NOT a lifestyle risk factor for cardiovascular disease? | physical activity |
| Stress is a factor that contributes to heart disease risk. | True |
| Once a person has been diagnosed with diabetes, what is the single greatest health threat they will face? | cardiovascular disease |
| What distinguishes high blood pressure from conditions such as arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis? | High blood pressure has no symptoms. |
| Which of the following is NOT a symptom of cardiomyopathy? | fever |
| Hypertension is NOT a type of cardiovascular disease. | False |
| Which of the following is NOT a treatment for high blood pressure? | an LDL-rich diet |
| __________ of the population of the United States is obese. | 33% |
| Which of the following is the most common symptom of hypertension? | none of the above |
| Numbness on one side of the body is most likely a symptom of __________. | stroke |
| A rapid, irregular heartbeat is a symptom of __________. | heart failure |
| According to this multistage fitness test reference chart, what would the maximum oxygen intake be for a person who failed to complete the seventh shuttle run in the fifth level? | 31.8 |
| During exercise, the oxygen concentration in the blood increases to twice that of resting levels. | False |
| As people age, they become unable to control their cardiorespiratory fitness levels. | False |
| As exercise levels increase, which of the following physiological changes occurs in the respiratory system? | The lungs expand in size |
| Your maximum oxygen intake is a measurement of the ability __________. | all of the above are measured by maximum oxygen intake |
| The maximum oxygen uptake is known as the __________. | VO2 max |
| Why are slow-twitch muscles more beneficial than fast-twitch muscles for cardiorespiratory fitness? | Slow-twitch muscles are able to use oxygen more efficiently than fast-twitch muscles. |
| As a person ages, his or her levels of cardiorespiratory fitness tend to __________. | decline |
| It is possible to improve cardiovascular fitness without increasing respiratory fitness. | True |
| Increasing cardiorespiratory fitness levels is difficult for experienced athletes because __________ | they have already achieved high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness |
| Cardiorespiratory fitness can only be measured through exercise. | False |
| Why do males tend to have better cardiorespiratory fitness than females? | Males tend to have higher levels of hemoglobin in their blood. |
| The respiratory system should remove which of the following from your body? | carbon dioxide |
| Aerobic exercise forces the body to provide extra oxygen to the muscles. | True |
| Doctors can directly measure a person's maximum oxygen intake by measuring their oxygen intake while they __________. | run on a treadmill, which increases speed |
| Body composition has little to do with cardiorespiratory fitness. | False |
| Which of the following is the BEST example of increasing the intensity of a workout? | running one mile faster than normal |
| Which of the following is NOT a reason why exercise routines should have clearly stated goals? | Goals allow individuals to track their progress against others. |
| Specificity means an exercise program should have end goals that target specific areas. | True |
| Which of the following is the BEST reason to rest muscle groups between workouts? | It allows the muscles time to heal. |
| Anaerobic exercise does not require the body to use any extra oxygen. | True |
| Plyometrics can help a person maintain cardiorespiratory fitness. | True |
| An exercise program that lacks specific goals is failing what fitness principle? | specificity |
| Which of the following is NOT an example of an anaerobic exercise? | jumping rope |
| Anaerobic and aerobic exercises are important in developing cardiorespiratory fitness. | True |
| Which of the following BEST describes cardiovascular fitness? | the ability of the body to do prolonged work |
| The human body eventually adapts to similar exercises. | True |
| Which of the following is NOT an element of progression? | strength |
| Individuals should participate in __________ exercises to increase cardiovascular endurance. | aerobic |
| Weight lifting is an example of an anaerobic exercise. | true |
| Special needs issues include all of the following EXCEPT: | athletic issues |
| Taking a group fitness class or cycling with others motivates many individuals to continue exercising. | True |
| Only special needs children should see the doctor before beginning an exercise program. | False |
| In activities involving special needs, rules do not have to be the same for everyone to be considered fair. | True |
| It is best to eat within an hour of exercising. | False |
| Which of the following aerobic activities has the highest impact on the joints? | running |
| The best way to prepare for a workout is to stretch key muscles first and follow the stretching with a jog to get the blood flowing to the muscles. | False |
| Which of the following is NOT true about experiencing pain during exercise? | You should jog around to stabilize any pain during exercise. |
| All of the following are true about eating prior to exercise EXCEPT: | eating increases the amount of oxygen available during exercise |
| Which of the following is NOT a benefit of swimming? | burn less than 400 calories per hour |
| Which of the following is NOT transferred by alveoli? | blood |
| All forms of aerobic activity can promote cardiorespiratory fitness. | true |
| Continuously running three miles every day over the course of 10 weeks is an example of the exercise principle progression. | false |
| What are the odds of nonsmokers developing cardiovascular disease when compared to smokers? | Nonsmokers are half as likely to develop cardiovascular disease. |
| The endocrine system plays an important role in the body by influencing every organ and cell. | True |
| The ovaries are part of the endocrine system. | True |
| Insulin is a chemical that is produced by the __________ and controls __________. | pancreas . . . blood sugar |
| A woman's menstrual cycle typically lasts about 28 days. | True |
| Which gland is responsible for releasing melatonin? | pineal |
| The __________ is responsible for creating sperm cells. | testicle |
| Hormones are chemicals secreted and regulated by the endocrine system. | True |
| The urethra is a tube that carries both semen and urine through the penis. | True |
| The pituitary gland is located in the brain and controls __________. | the rest of the endocrine glands |
| Adolescence is a time of rapid physical and psychological change in the body. | True |
| Adolescence causes physical changes to the body, but there are no significant mental or emotional changes. | False |
| Girls are usually completely physically mature by the time they are __________ years old. | 15 to 17 |
| With the onset of puberty, boys and girls are apt to experience all of the following EXCEPT: | fewer growth spurts |
| The adolescent period can be divided into early, middle, and late periods. | True |
| As the adolescent period progresses, more responsibility is placed on the individual to be responsible and mature. | True |
| As teens move through adolescence, surrounding adults usually have higher expectations of them. | True |
| Connections with friends can become more important than family relationships during adolescence. | True |
| Which of the following are signs that a boy is going through puberty? | voice gets deeper and growth of facial hair |
| Even through all the changes of adolescence, it's very likely that your elementary school friends will be your adult friends. | False |
| Abstinence is the only birth control method that has a zero percent failure rate for an unplanned pregnancy and 100 percent rate of protection against STIs. | True |
| Though teen pregnancy may have social and emotional consequences, there is no danger to one's physical well-being. | False |
| Which of the following is NOT a hormone method of birth control? | sponge |
| Using birth control entirely eliminates the risk of having an unplanned pregnancy. | False |
| What is the most effective method of birth control? | abstinence |
| Which of the following contraceptive methods do females NOT use? | vasectomy |
| To stay abstinent, one should __________. | all of the above |
| Very few teens become infected with STIs. | False |
| Barrier methods of birth control are more effective than hormonal methods. | False |
| The gestational age of the embryo is measured from when the sperm and egg unite. | False |
| The greatest risk of forming birth defects and miscarriage occur in the fetal stage. | False |
| It can be dangerous for a pregnant woman to change the litter box. | True |
| During stage 2 of labor, the placenta and umbilical cord are delivered. | False |
| The first trimester is the most critical time for an embryo or fetus. | True |
| A mother should do all of the following EXCEPT: | increase calorie intake by 500 calories to support the unborn fetus |
| The safest and most natural way to deliver a baby is vaginally. | True |
| Which is NOT a process in the second trimester? | The baby uses all five senses. |
| Which of the following is acceptable to use or take during pregnancy? | none of the above |
| Chromosomes are composed of DNA. | True |
| Genes are segments of a chromosome that are responsible for specific hereditary traits. | True |
| Complex diseases are caused by imperfections in multiple genes. | True |
| Which of the following statements BEST describes DNA? | All living things contain DNA. |
| Cystic fibrosis is a disease that __________. | makes it difficult to breathe |
| Sickle cell anemia is most common in people of Northern European descent. | False |
| Genetic research and testing includes __________. | all of the above |
| Which of the following is NOT an avoidance techniques for avoiding sexual activity? | dating in secluded places |
| Understanding and anticipating genetic disorders can help to manage hereditary diseases. | True |
| Both boys and girls experience a period of rapid change during puberty. | True |
| Prenatal care is vital for pregnant women as blood tests and weight gain are regularly performed. | True |
| At the highest level, the function of the human reproductive system is to create new life. | True |
| All contraceptives prevent STIs. | False |
| Which part of the female reproductive system provides the opening for sperm to enter the body and babies to exit the body? | vagina |
| Adolescence covers the stage of personal development and growth between childhood and adulthood. | True |
| The endocrine system works with the __________ to coordinate and regulate the body. | nervous system |
| Hereditary diseases are passed from one generation to the next through mutated genes. | True |
| The ovaries are glands specific to males. | False |
| Which part of the female reproductive system provides the opening for sperm to enter the body and babies to exit the body? | Vagina |
| Sperm cells are stored in a tube at the back of each testicle called the epididymis. | True |
| The female reproductive organs are located in the __________ region of the body. | pelvic |
| Eggs produced by the ovaries are carried into the uterus by the fallopian tubes. | True |
| When participating in sports and other physical activities, men should __________. | wear protective equipment for their penis and scrotum |
| The __________ and __________ are the glands that stimulate reproductive cycles. | testes . . . ovaries |
| As teens move through adolescence, __________. | freedom increases, but so does responsibility |
| Which of the following is NOT a common feeling during adolescence? | sense of security and calmness |
| Many teens get their first job during adolescence, which __________. | teaches workplace skills and etiquette |
| Which of the following are the primary hormones in girls during puberty? | estrogen and progesterone |
| With the onset of puberty, boys and girls are apt to experience all of the following EXCEPT: | fewer growth spurts |
| Sexual awareness is usually not a significant issue during adolescence. | False |
| Boys and girls experience different changes to their bodies during adolescence. | True |
| Who is at the greatest risk of contracting STIs? | a sexually active person at age 16 |
| Thirty years ago, there were only two common and easily treated STIs. | True |
| Which of the following contraceptive methods do men NOT use? | IUD |
| Hormone methods, such as birth control pills, protect against STIs. | False |
| Which of the following statements is NOT true about stage 3 of the birthing process. | Intense contractions occur. |
| Which statement is NOT true about physical exercise for pregnant women? | Pregnant women can work out as long and often as they want. |
| A(n) __________ is created when sperm meets egg and contains all DNA necessary to create a person. | zygote |
| Which of the following is TRUE about an epidural? | typically injected into the mother's spine |
| Heredity refers to the __________. | passing of traits from parents to children |
| The Human Genome Project __________. | was completed in 2003 |
| Gene testing is foolproof since it scans the building blocks of humans. | False |
| When describing Down syndrome, it's important to note that __________. | it is usually caused by three copies of chromosome 21 |
| Amniocentesis is a test in which fluid is removed from the uterus so the baby's genetic composition can be determined. | True |
| By the time you find yourself in a risky situation involving pressure to have sex, it is too late to back out or to say "no." | False |
| Engaging in sexual activity can lead to a number of more physical and emotional complications. | True |
| Which of the following is NOT a barrier method of birth control? | birth control patch |
| Which of the following BEST defines contraceptive? | a method or device used to prevent pregnancy |
| What is NOT true about stage 1 of delivery? | cervix dilates from 4 to 10 inches |
| What commonly happens when the baby is in distress, too large, or not head down? | caesarean section |
| Which of the following is NOT included in the first trimester? | eyes and brain complete formation |
| Major organs form and cells continue to divide in the __________ stage. | embryo |
| Some common environmental factors influencing pregnancy include all of the following EXCEPT: | air freshener |
| Chromosomes from the mother control whether a child is male or female. | False |
| Most genetic diseases cannot be cured, but they usually can be treated. | True |
| Complex genetic diseases are different from single-gene diseases because they __________. | are caused by mutations to multiple genes |
| Which of the following is NOT a common feeling during adolescence? | sense of security and calmness |
| White blood cells prevent the loss of blood by causing clotting. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. True False | False |
| Nutrients and waste both enter and leave cells through a process called __________. A. effusion B. diffusion C. fusion D. emulsion | B. Diffusion |
| What percentage of blood is made up of plasma? A. 55% B. 40% C. 10% D. 5% | A. 55% |
| All cardiovascular diseases are caused by poor lifestyle choices. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. True False | False |
| Both the heart and arteries contract to pump blood throughout the body. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. True False | True |
| Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to capillaries. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. True False | True |
| What function do capillaries serve in the cardiovascular system? A. carry blood to the brain B. return blood to the lungs C. help control body temperature D. replace old blood cells | C. Help control body temperature |
| How many chambers does the heart contain? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 | B. 4 |
| Each lung is fed oxygen by a separate bronchus. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. True False | True |
| Once entering the nose, air moves through both the pharynx and larynx. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. True False | True |
| The aorta pumps blood out of the heart to the rest of the body. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. True False | True |
| Your friend Amanda suffers from a condition that reduces her blood's ability to carry oxygen. Which of the following is the name of that condition? A. emphysema B. hemophilia C. leukemia D. anemia | D. Anemia |
| The human cardiovascular system is considered closed because __________. A. blood is continuously circulated in the body. B. blood provides nutrients to organs. C. blood collects oxygen from the lungs D. there are no holes for blood to enter or leave | D. There are no holes for blood to enter or leave the system. |
| Air is warmed and moisten as it moves through both the mouth and nasal passages. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. True False | True |
| In the human body, the larynx is attached to the trachea. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. True False | True |
| The right ventricle transports oxygenated blood to the lungs. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. True False | False |
| All of the following statements are true concerning skeletal muscles EXCEPT: A. Skeletal muscles control involuntary body functions. B. Skeletal muscles are controlled by the central nervous system. C. Skeletal muscles are used to move large body pa | A |
| Which statement BEST describes the skeletal system? A. The skeletal system is a system of cartilage that supports the body and makes red and white blood cells. B. The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, tendons, and the muscles that conne | C |
| In order to improve the condition of your muscular system, you could participate in aerobic activity at least __________. A. 3 minutes 5 times a week B. 10 minutes 4 times a week C. 30 minutes 3 times a week D. 50 minutes 3 times a week | C |
| If you have a muscle that has atrophied, the muscle would be __________. A. broken B. shrunken C. torn D. strained | B |
| All of the following statements are true concerning skeletal muscles EXCEPT: A. Skeletal muscles control involuntary body functions. B. Skeletal muscles are controlled by the central nervous system. C. Skeletal muscles are used to move large body pa | A |
| An example of a skeletal muscle working occurs when a person __________. A. perspires heavily B. digests food C. takes a breath D. stands up | D |
| Which of the following would be the BEST activity to help you maintain a healthy skeletal system? A. exercising often and eating a balanced diet B. resting often and receiving proper immunizations C. exercising often and eating only protein for your | A |
| Without the skeletal system, the body could not carry oxygen in the blood. | T |
| Cardiac muscles are considered smooth muscles. | F |
| This hard but flexible structure is found in the nose and ears. A. tendons B. bones C. ligaments D. cartilage | D |
| Main Functions of Urinary System | Excretion, Secretion, Elimination |
| Kidneys | Filter blood and produce urine |
| Ureter | Transport urine away from kidneys to urinary bladder |
| Urinary Bladder | Temporary reservoir for urine |
| Urethra | Carries urine from urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
| Hilum | Where the ureter and renal vein leave the kidney and the renal artery enters the kidney |
| Cortex | Outer layer of kidney, contains nephrons |
| Nephrons | Functional units of kidneys |
| Glomerulus | Located in the nephrons, ball-shaped collection of very tiny, coiled. and intertwined cappilaries |
| Bowman's Capsule | Double-walled cup surrounding the glomerulus |
| Renal Tubule | carries fluid away from the Bowman's Capsule |
| Medulla (Renal) | Inner layer of the kidneys, minor calyces merge to form one major calyx (renal pelvis) |
| Renal Pelvis | central collecting area of the kidney |
| True or False: The core unit of the kidneys filtration system is the nephron. | True. Our kidneys contain millions of these microscopic filtration units. |
| The layer in the kidney that collects the urine and ultimately forms the renal pelvis is called the? | Calyx |
| Formation of Urine | 1. Blood enters kidneys via Renal Arteries 2. Glomerular Filtration 3. Tubular Reabsorption 4. Tubular Secretion 5. Urine 6. Micurition |
| Glomerlular Filtration | Water, sugar, salts, and nitrogenous waste products such as urea, creatinine, and uric acid filter out of the blood through thins walls of glomeruli |
| Tubular Reabsorption | water, sugar, and salts are returned into the bloodstream through network of capillaries that surround them |
| Tubular Secretion | Materials are selectively transferred from blood into the filtrate to be excreted in the urine |
| Urine | Consists of water and other materials that were filtered or secreted into the tubules but not reabsorbed |
| Excretion of Urine | 1. Renal tubules empty urine into the renal pelvis 2. Renal pelvis narrows into ureters 3. Ureters push urine into the bladder 4. Urine is released through the urethra |
| Micturition | Urination or Voiding urine |
| True or False: Basically, the formation of urine begins in the Glomerular. | True: only 1 percent of what started as glomerular filtrate is excreted as urine |
| Color of Urine | Varies from a Pale yellow to a deep golden color Darker the urine, greater the concentration |
| Clarity of Urine | Normal urine is clear, cloudy, turbid appearance maybe due to the presence of pus, bacteria or kidney infection |
| Odor of Urine | Normal urine is aromatic, has a strong but agreeable odor |
| Which substances can be found in normal urine, but only in insignificant amounts? | Protein |
| Albuminuria | Presence of abnormally large quantities of protein, usually albumin. Also known as proteinuria |
| Dysuris | Painful urination |
| Nocturia | urination, especially excessive at night also known as nycturia |
| Oliguria | secretion of diminished amount of urine in relation to fluid intake. Scanty output. |
| Pyuria | Pus in urine, usually a sign of an infection of urinary tract |
| Cystitis | Inflammation of the Urinary Bladder |
| Hydronephrosis | Distention of pelvis and calyces of the kidney caused by urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in a ureter |
| Hydroureter | Distention of the ureter due to a stricture |
| Polycystic Kidney Disease | Hereditary disorder of kidneys in which grape-like, fluid filled sacs or cysts replace normal kidney tissue. |
| Vesicoureteral Reflux | Abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder to the ureter |
| Dialysate Solution | A mixture of water and electrolytes that will draw the excess fluid and toxins from the blood |
| Hemodialysis | Process of removing excess fluids and toxins from blood by continually shunting patients blood from body into dialysis machine for filtering, and returning clean blood to patients bloodstream. Usually three treatments a week, 3-4 hours at a time May be |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | Blood test performed to determine amount of urea and nitrogen present in the blood |
| Cytoscopy | Process of viewing interior bladder using a cystoscope |
| Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP) | Radiographic procedure that provides visualization of the entire urinary tract: Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra. Contrast Dye: injected, multiple x-ray films are taken as medium is cleared from the blood |
| KUB (Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder) | X-Ray of lower abdomen that defines size, shape, and location of the kidneys. Contrast is not used with this x-ray |
| albumin/o | albumin, protein |
| azot/o | nitrogen |
| bacteri/o | bacteria |
| cali/o, calic/o | calyx, calyces |
| cyst/o | bladder, sac, cyst |
| dips/o | thirst |
| glomerul/o | glomerulus |
| ket/o, keton/o | ketone bodies |
| meat/o | meatus |
| noct/i | night |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| ren/o | kidney |
| olig/o | few, little, scanty |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| py/o | pus |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| ur/o | urine |
| urin/o | urine |
| vesic/o | urinary bladder |
| Which structure of the urinary system forms urine, and which structure stores urine? | Kidney; urinary bladder |
| What are the two means that the kidney helps to regulate blood pressure? | altering amount of urine loss and releasing renin, which produces angiotensin II |
| What's the kidney's main functions? | convert filtrate into urine, remove waste products and filter blood. |
| Which of the following would accompany a loss of kidney function: (a) accumulation of wastes, (b) anemia, (c) changes in blood pressure, or (d) pH imbalance? | a. impair kidney ability to filter/eliminate wastes b. induces anemia bc EPO production is altered c. decreases urine production which leads to increased blood volume and pressure d. disruption in pH balance bc kidneys function to keep acid-base balanc |
| What are the kidney's alternate functions? | blood pressure, pH balance, calcitrol synthesis, erthyropoietin production, ion balance and acid-base balance |
| What are the four tissue layers surrounding the kidneys (from innermost to outermost)? | fibrous (renal) corpuscle, perinephric fat, renal fascia, paranephric fat |
| What are the regions of the kidney that drain urine? | renal sinus |
| What three anatomic structures of the kidney are innervated by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? | afferent arterioles, efferent arterioles, & juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| cortical nephrons make up what percent of all nephrons? in medulla? | 85%; barely |
| juxtameduallry nephrons make up what percent of all nephrons? in medulla? | 15%; yes |
| What two structures compose the renal corpuscle? Provide a brief description of each. | glomerulus: tangle of capillary loops, blood enters afferent, exits efferent glomerular capsule: Bowman's capsule; visceral layer which overlies capillaries and parietal layer which is more external. Middle is the capsular space, which receives the fil |
| What is the order of the components of a renal tubule? | proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule |
| What differences exist between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons? | cortical nephrons: (85%), doesn't extend deep in medulla, short nephron loops juxtamedullary (15%). long nephron loops, extends deep in medulla,salt gradient. |
| What are the two primary cellular components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, and how is each stimulated? | juxtaglomerular(granular/cells of the afferent arteriole): synthesize, store and release renin. macula densa (cells of the DCT): signal renin when they find Na/Cl changes |
| What is the pathway that blood follows as it enters via the renal artery and later leaves via the renal vein? | renal artery, segmental arteries, interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries, afferent arteriorles, glomerulus, efferent arterioles, either peritubular capillaries or vasa recta, interlobular veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal |
| What are the three major types of capillaries associated with the nephron? Describe the location and general function of each. | glomerular capillaries: glomerulus; blood is filtered here peritubular capillaries:around the tubules; exchange of gases, nutrients and wastes between kidney and blood vasa recta capillaries: straight vessels in the nephron loop; exchange of nurtien |
| What is the pathway of fluid filtered by the kidney from the glomerulus to its eventual excretion? | capsular space, proximal convoluted tubule, descending lmb, ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule, collecting tubules, collecting duct, papillary duct, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra |
| glomerular filtration | the passive separation of water and solutes from the blood plasma within the glomerular capillaries |
| tubular reabsorption | occurs when components within the tubular fluid move from renal tubules and collecting tubules across their walls and return to the blood within the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta (fluid to blood) |
| tubular secretion | the movement of solutes out of the blood within the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta capillaries into the tubular fluid. (blood to fluid) SECRETION RESULTS IN EXCRETION |
| How does tubular reabsorption differ from tubular secretion? | In reabsorption, soltues are moved into the blood from the fluid, whereas in secretion solutes are moved into the fluid from the blood. |
| If a substance does not become part of the filtrate, does it remain a component of the blood? By what structure do these substances exit the glomerulus? | A filtered substance enters the nephron and becomes part of the filtrate. A non-filtered substance exits the glomerulus through the efferent arteriole |
| How are the components of the filtration membrane of the glomerulus arranged? | endothelium (fenestrated), basement membrane(pourus) and visceral layer of the glomerulus capsule |
| What is normally filtered across the glomerular membrane? What is not normally filtered? | small molecules such as Na, Cl, amino acids, glucose, water substances like wbcs, rbcs, platelets and large proteins are not usually filtered |
| Certain diseases eliminate the negative charge on the filtration membrane. What effect would this have on relative permeability of the membrane? | usually some proteins are repelled from the membrane because it is negatively charged and so is that protein, but if the disease removes the negative charge, proteins that don't usually filter through, may filter. |
| An individual with cirrhosis of the liver produces lower-than-normal amounts of plasma proteins. Which pressure is affected: HPg, OPg, or HPc? What do you predict regarding net filtration pressure: Will it increase or decrease as a result? Will more or le | Cirrhosis of the liver causes a drop in blood colloid osmotic pressure, OPg, which is this is decreased it will cause an increase in net filtration pressure since the number will be greater and more positive,and less reabsorption of the fluid, therefore i |
| What is the value of the NFP if the glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg) is 65 mm Hg, OPg is 30 mm Hg, and HPc is 20 mm Hg? | NFP= HPg-(OPg+HPc) NFP=65-(30+20) NFP= 15 mmHG |
| Would the value of the NFP remain the same as in question 18 if the HPg increased from 65 mm Hg to 75 mm Hg? | it would still be positive but it would increase by 10 mmHg |
| If HPg increases, what is the effect on NFP? Is the relationship between HPg and NFP direct or inverse? | direct relationship, HPg causes the increase in NFP if it is increased. |
| Does urine production increase, decrease, or stay the same in response to an increase in glomerular filtration rate? | urine increases in response to glomerular filtration |
| What are the three factors that regulate glomerular filtration rate? Do each of these increase, decrease, or maintain GFR? | renal autoregulation: maintains GFR neural control: decreases GFR hormonal regulation: increases GFR |
| Renal autoregulation is effective with a MAP between 80 and 180 mm Hg. Would renal autoregulation be effective in an individual with a blood pressure of 300/150 mm Hg? A pressure of 70/55 mm Hg? Explain. | no it would not be because it exceeds the max constriction or dilation of the afferent arteriole. it maxes out |
| What are the significant anatomic and physiologic factors that influence tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion? | whether they go through the luminal membrane or the basement membrane first depends on whether they are being secreted or reabsorbed. Reabsorption: Luminal membrane then basement membrane Secretion: basement membrane then luminal membrane |
| What is the transport maximum of a substance? How is it different from the renal threshold of the substance? | transport maximum: the maximum amount of substance that can be reabsorbed or secreted. if this is reached, the excess appears in the urine. renal threshold: the maximum plasma concentration that can be carried in the blood without it eventually leaving i |
| Why are proteins said to be transported rather than simply reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule? | proteins undergo transformational changes while being transported |
| If a substance in the blood is filtered, and not all of it is completely reabsorbed back into the blood, does its level in the blood increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain. | The level of the substance back in the blood decreases since not all that was filtrated was absorbed. |
| How does Na+ and water reabsorption occur? Which two hormones are involved? | na+ reabsorption: Aldosterone increases the number of NA+ channels to cause an increase in sodium reabsorption Water reabsorption: ADH; facultative water reabsorption: solute concentration increases due to tubular reabsorption response to anti-diuertic h |
| How are the movement of H+ and HCO3− regulated by type A and type B intercalated cells? | too acidic; takes back bicarbonate b/c its an acid too alkaline; takes back H+ bc too basic |
| What are some substances eliminated as waste products? | antibiotics, morphine, bilirubin, aspirin |
| What characteristics are used to describe urine? What conditions cause variation in pH of urine? | clear or yellow, specific gravity, pH, volume; diet influences pH; more acidic diet it decreases. more alkaline diet; increases |
| Why do the ureters use smooth muscle contraction to actively move urine to the urinary bladder? Why don't they rely on gravity to move the urine to the inferiorly located bladder? | gravity cannot move urine when lying down therefore peristalsis is used so that urine can be pumped actively no matter what position the body is in |
| What are the major components of the urinary tract? | major components: ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
| How does the urethra of a male and female differ? | male urethra is longer than a female urethra |
| Without a gallbladder, a person would be unable to produce bile. | False |
| Kidneys pass waste products through the ureters to the __________. A. urethra B. bladder C. stomach D. small intestine | B |
| If people have trouble digesting fats, they most likely have trouble with __________. A. the esophagus and liver B. the pancreas and stomach C. the liver and gallbladder D. the small intestine and large intestine | C |
| Each kidney contains nephrons that filter the blood and remove waste. | True |
| The muscles in the stomach aid in digestion by __________. A. secreting bile B. churning, or mixing, food C. opening and closing the stomach D. absorbing nutrients | B |
| Based on what you know about the flow of urine from the kidneys, choose the statement that BEST describes what would happen if you were to stand on your head? A. The urine would flow backwards out of the urethra and into the kidneys. B. The urine wou | C |
| The elimination of waste is the primary function of the __________. A. large intestine B. small intestine C. pancreas D. esophagus | A |
| When comparing the large and small intestine, we can conclude that __________. A. The small intestine is thicker, but the large intestine is longer. B. The small intestine is larger and thicker than the large. C. The small intestine is longer, but t | C |
| In the kidney, the structures that filter the blood are the __________. A. neurons B. bile ducts C. nephrons D. ureters | C |
| Both the urinary and digestive system benefit when you __________. A. eat foods high in fiber B. drink a lot of water C. eat at regular intervals D. decrease your salt intake | B |
| The right ventricle transports oxygenated blood to the lungs. | F |
| What percentage of blood is made up of plasma? | 55% |
| What function do capillaries serve in the cardiovascular system? | help control body temperature |
| Air is warmed and moisten as it moves through both the mouth and nasal passages. | T |
| Each lung is fed oxygen by a separate bronchus. | T |
| All cardiovascular diseases are caused by poor lifestyle choices. | F |
| Once entering the nose, air moves through both the pharynx and larynx. | T |
| In the human body, the larynx is attached to the trachea. | T |
| Nutrients and waste both enter and leave cells through a process called | diffusion |
| The aorta pumps blood out of the heart to the rest of the body. | T |
| Both the heart and arteries contract to pump blood throughout the body. | T |
| Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to capillaries. | T |
| Plasma prevents the loss of blood by causing clotting. | F |
| How many chambers does the heart contain? | 4 |
| The human cardiovascular system is considered closed because ______. | there are no holes for blood to enter or leave the system |
| Insulin is a chemical that is produced by the __________ and controls __________. A. pancreas . . . cell growth B. thyroid gland . . . blood sugar C. thyroid gland . . . cell growth D. pancreas . . . blood sugar Please select the best answer | D |
| A woman's menstrual cycle typically lasts about 28 days. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| The female reproductive organs are located in the __________ region of the body. A. shoulder B. midsection C. pelvic D. anterior Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | C |
| Hormones are chemicals secreted and regulated by the endocrine system. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| The __________ is responsible for creating sperm cells. A. testicle B. epididymis C. penis D. vas deferens Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | A |
| The endocrine system plays an important role in the body by influencing every organ and cell. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Which gland is responsible for releasing melatonin? A. pituitary B. thyroid C. pineal D. adrenal Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | C |
| Several glands add fluids to the sperm to form semen as it passes through the vas deferens. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Eggs produced by the ovaries are carried into the uterus by the fallopian tubes. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| When participating in sports and other physical activities, men should __________. A. wear protective equipment for their penis and scrotum B. wear a condom C. always wear tight clothing that constricts blood flow to the penis and scrotum D. none | A |
| Prenatal care is not necessary until the first trimester has ended. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| Alcohol use can cause fetal alcohol syndrome in the unborn fetus. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| It can be dangerous for a pregnant woman to change the litter box. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Stage 1 of delivery averages about 8 hours but may be longer for first-time mothers. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Which of the following is acceptable to use or take during pregnancy? A. tobacco B. alcohol C. medication unapproved by a doctor D. none of the above Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | D |
| Which of the following statements is NOT true about stage 3 of the birthing process. A. The placenta and umbilical cord are delivered. B. It lasts approximately 5 to 10 minutes. C. Intense contractions occur. D. The placenta remains intact. | C |
| During stage 2 of labor, the placenta and umbilical cord are delivered. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| A(n) __________ is created when sperm meets egg and contains all DNA necessary to create a person. A. zygote B. blastocyst C. embryo D. fetus Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | A |
| The safest and most natural way to deliver a baby is vaginally. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Which statement is NOT true about physical exercise for pregnant women? A. It relieves stress. B. Pregnant women can work out as long and often as they want. C. It helps build stamina for delivery. D. It helps with postpartum depression after deli | B |
| Hereditary diseases are passed from one generation to the next through mutated genes. | T |
| Compare and contrast dominant and recessive genes. | As the name suggests, the traits controlled by dominant genes are more likely to appear in our children. Recessive genes will only have an effect when the corresponding dominant gene isn't present. |
| Discuss the general causes of chromosomal diseases. | Chromosomal diseases occur when an abnormality occurs. These could include either the wrong number of chromosomes or an incomplet As the name suggests, the traits controlled by dominant genes are more likely to appear in our children. Recessive genes will |
| Complex genetic diseases are different from single-gene diseases because they __________. | are caused by mutations to multiple genes |
| Summarize the role of a genetic counselor. | Genetic counselors are important because they help families to identify the probability of developing or transmitting a hereditary disease. In addition, they can provide information about appropriate genetic testing to help in the decision-making process. |
| Chromosomes from the mother control whether a child is male or female. | F |
| Support the idea that genetic testing and engineering could have dangerous consequences for society. | Our genetic code is the information that determines who we are. If scientists and doctors are allowed to tamper with this genetic code, they are fundamentally changing us as people. This has serious ethical and religious implications that need to be thoro |
| Most genetic diseases cannot be cured, but they usually can be treated. | T |
| Describe the chromosomes needed for an embryo to become a female and those needed for an embryo to become a male. | Female eggs only have the X (female) chromosomes, while the male sperm cells have both the X and Y (male) chromosomes. If the X from the male and X from the female unite, then the child will be female. If the Y from the male and X from the female unite, t |
| Explain the causes and symptoms of sickle cell anemia. | Sickle cell anemia is caused by the red blood cells' inability to properly form hemoglobin. The result is an inability to transfer oxygen and blood throughout the body. |
| Cystic fibrosis is a disease that __________. | makes it difficult to breathe |
| Genetic research and testing includes __________. | the Human Genome Project, gene therapy, genetically engineering drugs |
| Gene testing is foolproof since it scans the building blocks of humans. | F |
| The Human Genome Project __________. | was completed in 2003 |
| Which of the following are types of hereditary disorders? | single-gene and chromosomal |
| When describing Down syndrome, it's important to note that __________. | it is usually caused by three copies of chromosome 21 |
| Gene therapy is a commonly used process whereby normal genes are injected to replace abnormal genes. | T |
| Complex diseases are caused by imperfections in multiple genes. | T |
| The normal function of a gene is to __________. | encode a protein |
| Chromosomes are composed of DNA. | T |
| Genes are segments of a chromosome that are responsible for specific hereditary traits. | T |
| When describing Down syndrome, it's important to note that __________. A. it can be classified as a single-gene disorder B. it is caused when red blood cells cannot properly form hemoglobin C. it causes infected males to have low testosterone levels | D |
| Sickle cell anemia is most common in people of Northern European descent. | F |
| Which of the following are types of hereditary disorders? A. single-gene and chromosomal B. complex and duplex C. single-gene and duplex D. all of the above | A |
| Amniocentesis is a test in which fluid is removed from the uterus so the baby's genetic composition can be determined. | T |
| Which of the following statements BEST describes DNA? A. DNA are the same as genes. B. All living things contain DNA. C. There are three bases that compose DNA. D. Billions of people in the world have the same genetic code. | B |
| Genetic research and testing includes __________. A. the Human Genome Project B. gene therapy C. genetically engineering drugs D. all of the above | D |
| Which of the following statements BEST describes chromosomes? A. Humans have 460 chromosomes in every cell. B. Chromosomes are arranged in 230 pairs. C. Chromosomes carry the codes for hereditary traits. D. Chromosomes are found outside the nucleu | C |
| Dominant traits include __________. A. cleft chin and attached earlobes B. dimples and attached earlobes C. dimples and no widow's peak D. cleft chin and free earlobes | D |
| Chromosomes are composed of DNA. | T |
| Chromosomes are composed of DNA. | T |
| Genetic research and testing includes __________. | All of the above |
| Which of the following statements BEST describes chromosomes? | Chromosomes carry the codes for hereditary traits. |
| Genes are segments of a chromosome that are responsible for specific hereditary traits. | T |
| Amniocentesis is a test in which fluid is removed from the uterus so the baby's genetic composition can be determined. | T |
| Complex diseases are caused by imperfections in multiple genes. | T |
| Gene testing is foolproof since it scans the building blocks of humans. | F |
| Gene therapy is a commonly used process whereby normal genes are injected to replace abnormal genes. | T |
| Sickle cell anemia is most common in people of Northern European descent. | F |
| Understanding and anticipating genetic disorders can help to manage hereditary diseases. | T |
| Discuss the general causes of chromosomal diseases. | Chromosomal diseases occur when an abnormality occurs. These could include either the wrong number of chromosomes or an incomplete chromosome. |
| Complex genetic diseases are different from single-gene diseases because they __________. | Are caused by mutations to multiple genes |
| Explain the causes and symptoms of sickle cell anemia. | Sickle cell anemia is caused by the red blood cells' inability to properly form hemoglobin. The result is an inability to transfer oxygen and blood throughout the body. |
| Hereditary diseases are passed from one generation to the next through mutated genes. | T |
| Which of the following is NOT an avoidance techniques for avoiding sexual activity? A. going on group dates B. attending supervised parties C. staying sober D. dating in secluded places Please select the best answer from the choices provi | D |
| Understanding and anticipating genetic disorders can help to manage hereditary diseases. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Prenatal care is vital for pregnant women as blood tests are regularly performed. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Both boys and girls experience a period of rapid change during puberty. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| At the highest level, the function of the human reproductive system is to create new life. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Summarize the role of a genetic counselor.What commonly happens when the baby is in distress, too large, or not head down? A. vaginal delivery with epidural B. caesarean section C. vaginal with forceps D. natural vaginal delivery Please | B |
| What commonly happens when the baby is in distress, too large, or not head down? A. vaginal delivery with epidural B. caesarean section C. vaginal with forceps D. natural vaginal delivery Please select the best answer from the choices pr | B |
| Explain why teens may wish to spend time with friends rather than parents during adolescence. | ANSWER: Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Teens often have a stronger desire to spend the majority of their time around other teens because they share similar interests. Teens develop a better sense of belonging when they feel like they are |
| Major organs form and cells continue to divide in the __________ stage. A. embryo B. fetus C. blastocyst D. zygote Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | A |
| Name two consequences of being sexually active. | ANSWER: Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Being sexually active can have numerous consequences, which can include, among others, feeling shame or guilt, contracting a number of STIs, and having an unplanned pregnancy. |
| By the time you find yourself in a risky situation involving pressure to have sex, it is too late to back out or to say "no." Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| What is NOT true about stage 1 of labor? A. lasts an average of 8 hours B. cervix dilates from 4 to 10 centimeters C. contractions are infrequent at this stage D. time to go to the hospital Please select the best answer from the choices p | C |
| Which of the following is NOT a common feeling during adolescence? A. increased desire for independence B. changes in self-perception C. increased sensitivity D. sense of security and calmness Please select the best answer from the choices | D |
| Why might a teenage girl who is using birth control be more at risk for becoming pregnant than a woman in her thirties? | ANSWER: Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Some forms of birth control may be less effective for teenage girls because their bodies haven't fully matured and settled into a regular menstrual cycle. |
| The ovaries are glands specific to males. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| Engaging in sexual activity can lead to a number of more physical and emotional complications. | T |
| Which of the following BEST defines contraceptive? | a method or device used to prevent pregnancy |
| What is the only guaranteed method of preventing pregnancy or contracting an STI? | Abstinence is the only guaranteed method of preventing pregnancy and/or contracting an STI. |
| Which of the following is NOT a barrier method of birth control? | birth control patch |
| Explain some emotional, physical, and social reasons why someone would choose to remain abstinent. | Sexual activity can lead to STIs, risk of pregnancy, social stresses on relationships (negative influence on relationships with parents and possibly friends) |
| Name two consequences of being sexually active. | contracting a number of STIs, and having an unplanned pregnancy. |
| Why might a teenage girl who is using birth control be more at risk for becoming pregnant than a woman in her thirties? | Some forms of birth control may be less effective for teenage girls because their bodies haven't fully matured and settled into a regular menstrual cycle. |
| List three strategies that teens can use to avoid becoming involved in sexual activity? | To avoid becoming involved in sexual activity, teens can go on group dates, avoid unsupervised parties, limit dating to public places, and refrain from using drugs or alcohol |
| All contraceptives prevent STIs. | F |
| By the time you find yourself in a risky situation involving pressure to have sex, it is too late to back out or to say "no." | F |
| Hormone methods, such as birth control pills, protect against STIs. | F |
| Barrier methods of birth control are more effective than hormonal methods. | F |
| Which of the following contraceptive methods do females NOT use? | vasectomy |
| Sex is NOT a way to __________. | prove your love, increase your self-worth, bargain for attention |
| Very few teens become infected with STIs. | F |
| Thirty years ago, there were only two common and easily treated STIs. | T |
| Which of the following BEST explains why the natural family planning method should be used by long-term couples only? | This method requires the couple to be prepared for a child |
| Which of the following contraceptives has a failure rate of 28 percent? | spermicide |
| Though teen pregnancy may have social and emotional consequences, there is no danger to one's physical well-being. | F |
| Using birth control entirely eliminates the risk of having an unplanned pregnancy. | F |
| What commonly happens when the baby is in distress, too large, or not head down? A. vaginal delivery with epidural B. caesarean section C. vaginal with forceps D. natural vaginal delivery | B |
| Explain the three stages of labor. | The three stages of labor are active labor, birth of the baby, and delivery of the placenta. Active labor lasts an average of 8 hours and is when the baby begins to descend. The cervix dilates from 4 to 10 centimeters through contractions. The birth of th |
| Some common environmental factors influencing pregnancy include all of the following EXCEPT: A. lead B. air freshener C. smog and radiation D. cat litter | B |
| What is NOT true about stage 1 of labor? A. lasts an average of 8 hours B. cervix dilates from 4 to 10 centimeters C. contractions are infrequent at this stage D. time to go to the hospital | C |
| What happens during a prenatal care office visit? | The prenatal care office visits provide a complete physical exam, blood tests, and a pelvic exam. They check the mother's weight and blood pressure. They will also conduct an ultrasound. |
| When is a caesarian section typically performed? | A caesarian section is typically performed when the baby is not head-down prior to delivery. It could also be performed if the baby is too large to fit through the pelvis or when the baby is in distress. |
| Major organs form and cells continue to divide in the__________ stage. A. embryo B. fetus C. blastocyst D. zygote | A |
| What is the length of gestation for a baby and how is the age determined? | The gestation of a baby averages 38 to 42 weeks. The gestation is the time of conception to the date of the birth. The age of the fetus is calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period to the date of the birth. |
| Which of the following is NOT included in the first trimester? A. heart begins beating B. arm and leg buds appear C. umbilical cord develops D. eyes and brain complete formation | D |
| What might result if a woman drank and smoked during the fifth week of gestation? | Since the woman is in the fifth week, this is the stage that is most susceptible to birth defects and miscarriage. If the woman continued to drink and smoke, she is at risk of having a child with low birth weight, premature birth, or the possibility of ha |
| Even though all the changed of adolescence, it's very likely like the elementary school friends will be your adult friends. | - False . |
| Middle Adolescence is characterized by ______. | - A . |
| Sexual awareness is usually not a significant issue during adolescence. | - False . |
| As teens move through adolescence, surround adults usually have higher expextations of them. | - True . |
| With the onset of puberty, boys and girls are apt to experience all of the following EXCEPT: | - C . |
| Which of the following is NOT a physical change that girls go through during adolescence? | - False . |
| Adolescence causes physical changes to the body, but there are no significant mental or emotional changes. | - False . |
| Adolescence is a tome of rapid physical and psychological change in the body. | - True . |
| Girls are usually completely physically mature by the time they are _______. | - A . |
| Which of the following are signs that a boy is going through puberty? | - B . |
| Which of the following is NOT a common feeling during adolescence? | - D . |
| Adolescence covers the stage of personal development and growth between childhood and adulthood. | - True . |
| Many teens get their first job during adolescence, which ______ . | - B . |
| As teens move through adolescence, _______. | - A . |
| The adolescent period can be divided into early, middle, and late periods. | - True . |
| Connections with friends can become more important than family relationships during adolescence. | - True . |
| For many teens, adolescence can be ______ period characterized by _____. | - C . |
| Adolescence is the time between birth and the onset of puberty. | - False . |
| Boys and girls experience different changes to their bodies during adolescence. | - True . |
| Puberty | Period of biological development when a person begins to develop adult traits and characteristics. |
| Estrogen | The hormone responsible for the development of female characteristics. |
| Testosterone | The hormone responsible for the development of male characteristics. |
| Progesterone | A female hormone important for the regulation of ovulation and menstruation. |
| Menarche | The first menstrual period, usually occurring during puberty. |
| Adolescence | Growth stage between childhood and adulthood marked by drastic physical, mental, emotional, and psychological changes. |
| Explain why teens may wish to spend time with friends rather than parents during adolescence. | Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Teens often have a stronger desire to spend the majority of their time around other teens because they share similar interests. Teens develop a better sense of belonging when they feel like they are a part o |
| Many teens get their first job during adolescence, which __________. | teaches workplace skills and etiquette |
| Why might adolescence be a stressful time for many teenagers? | Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Adolescence can be stressful because adolescents go through physical, mental, and emotional changes. It can also be stressful because teens are held to higher expectations and have more responsibilities, whi |
| As teens move through adolescence, __________. | freedom increases, but so does responsibility |
| What are some of the common physical changes for boys and girls during puberty? | Responses will vary. A sample response follows: During puberty, boys and girls are both apt to experience growth of pubic and underarm hair, drastic growth spurts, body odor, facial acne, and changes in muscle strength. |
| Compare and contrast the early adolescence period to the late adolescence period. | Responses will vary. A sample response follows: In the early adolescent period, many teens tend to think only of themselves with little regard for others' points of view. When the late adolescent period is reached, they are more likely to consider others, |
| What are some factors that influence emotional changes throughout adolescence? | Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Some of the factors that influence emotional changes during adolescence include, among others, changes in self-perception, changes in the way teens are treated, increased sensitivity to criticism, increased |
| How might expectations or rules at a job differ from those at your home? | Responses will vary. A sample response follows: The rules at a job are generally more absolute, which means that you can get fired from your position for breaking the rules. While the rules at home may be strict, you usually will not be "fired" from your |
| Adolescence covers the stage of personal development and growth between childhood and adulthood. | True |
| Which of the following is NOT a common feeling during adolescence? | sense of security and calmness |
| Boys and girls experience different changes to their bodies during adolescence. | True |
| Puberty in boys only consists of physical changes. | F |
| Which of the following are the primary hormones in girls during puberty? | estrogen and progesterone |
| As teens move through adolescence, surrounding adults usually have higher expectations of them. | T |
| Girls are usually completely physically mature by the time they are __________ years old. | 15 to 17 |
| Even through all the changes of adolescence, it's very likely that your elementary school friends will be your adult friends. | F |
| Adolescence is the time between birth and the onset of puberty. | F |
| Connections with friends can become more important than family relationships during adolescence. | T |
| Which of the following is NOT a physical change that girls go through during adolescence? | rapid brain development |
| Sexual awareness is usually not a significant issue during adolescence. | F |
| Adult | An individual who has reached full growth and maturity. |
| Marriage | A legal commitment that two people make to each other; it is a promise to love each other for life. |
| Parent | An adult responsible for caring for and raising children; this includes providing for their physical and emotional health. |
| Many teen parents experience which of the following? | decreased finances |
| Teachers have the biggest influence on a child's emotional health. | F |
| What are some of the issues a couple should focus on during their period of engagement? | Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Before getting married, a couple should have a serious discussion about how finances will be managed, what each person's role is, how duties will be divided around the house, where they will live, joint valu |
| Parenting responsibilities can be even more difficult for teens. | T |
| Compile a list of responsibilities that parents take on when raising a child. | Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Parents must meet the emotional needs of their children, such as showing them love and respect. Parents also have a financial responsibility to their children and need to provide food, clothing, housing, and |
| Engagement is the time when the primary focus should be on planning the wedding. | F |
| Challenges for married teens include additional financial responsibilities and possible limitations on income. | T |
| Compare and contrast young adulthood with middle adulthood. | Responses will vary. A sample response follows: A person in the young adulthood stage is between the ages of 21 and 35. Young adulthood is a time when growth rate slows and people reach peak physical health. People in this stage generally make more respon |
| Describe some of the conflicts that often occur between parents and teenagers. | Responses will vary. A sample response follows: As teens get older, they want to take charge of their own lives and make their own decisions. Parents, on the other hand, want to set boundaries and have some control over what their teen does in an effort t |
| What are the characteristics of older adulthood? | Responses will vary. A sample response follows: People in the older adulthood stage are 65 years old or older. This stage is usually a period in which an adult is wiser and more knowledgeable. Older adults are also generally more mature and more emotional |
| An individual in middle adulthood often begins to experience which of the following changes? | beginning to reflect on personal mortality, beginning to evaluate life's purpose, beginning to pursue new challenges |
| Which of the following is considered a stressor in a marriage? | having financial trouble |
| One of the mental changes young adults experience is a better sense of identity. | T |
| Successful marriages have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: | good debating skills |
| Major events of young adulthood can include all of the following EXCEPT: | planning retirement |
| Premarital counseling is often provided by a licensed therapist. | T |
| Pregnancy responsibilities include all the following EXCEPT: | exercising excessively |
| One of the characteristics of middle adulthood is peak physical health. | F |
| In general, being more emotionally stable and mature is a characteristic of which stage of adulthood? | older adulthood |
| Which of the following methods is NOT effective when it comes to resolving conflicts? | taking things personally |
| Loss | When an individual can no longer have access to something he or she cares about. |
| Grief | Deep sorrow that is caused by loss. |
| Denial | Refusal to believe the facts of a circumstance. |
| Emotional and physical stress are often caused by __________. | loss |
| Exercise and diet are excellent methods for coping with your feelings after a significant loss. | T |
| Provide two examples of loss that are common to many people. | The various types of loss include death, divorce, disability, moving, and relationship breakups. |
| Explain the importance of the grieving process after experiencing loss. | The feelings and stress caused by a loss will impact your life and must be handled appropriately. It's important to allow yourself the time to process these feelings so you can heal and move forward in life. |
| Which of the following is TRUE about the stages of grieving? | Progressing through these stages will help to deal with loss in a healthy manner. |
| Describe the benefits of ceremonies in the grieving process. | Ceremonies are formal procedures that help us to process and accept loss in our lives. These ceremonies can also help us to move forward from the loss, though they certainly don't eliminate all the sorrow, anxiety, and stress caused by the loss. |
| Defend the position that interacting with other people is beneficial when grieving for a loss. | Everyone has different methods for dealing with a loss in their lives. However, many individuals cope more effectively with loss if they take advantage of using a support system during these times. Even if you wouldn't like to talk through your feelings i |
| Ceremonies help individuals cope with loss as they facilitate the grieving process. | T |
| Summarize how the bargaining stage is related to loss. | Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Bargaining is the stage of the grieving process in which you wish that you could trade something else for the loss. For example, you may wish that you would have died instead of someone else or promise to ch |
| Describe the relationship between loss and stress. | Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Loss is when something or someone in our lives is no longer available to us. Many times, these losses cause both physical and emotional stress, which must be managed. |
| What does it mean to recognize your grief triggers? | identifying which situations and activities are likely to arouse grief |
| Positive support mechanisms after a loss include __________. | religious rituals, family and friends |
| Depression is a stage of grieving in which __________. | one may feel hopelessness and despair, it's normal to feel deep sorrow for the loss, it's important to talk with others about your feelings |
| Types of loss include all of the following EXCEPT: | friendship |
| Drugs and alcohol are positive tools for coping with loss. | F |
| When experiencing loss in your life, you are likely to experience grief, but not stress. | F |
| Feeling guilty is normal when experiencing grief. | T |
| After passing through the acceptance stage of grieving, __________. | it's easier to accept the loss and go forward in life |
| How can you positively manage the stress caused by loss? | connecting with others |
| It's perfectly natural for loss to be followed by __________. | grief |
| The final stage of the grieving process is anger, which provides an outlet to vent emotions. | T |
| Both boys and girls experience a period of rapid change during puberty. | T |
| You will never experience a conflict so long as you only associate with other people who hold your same beliefs and principles. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| Effective communication has the desired effects on the receiver. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Talking to friends, counselors, and parents is a way to cope with stress and change. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| An individual who has reached full physical growth and maturity is ready for a child. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| Engagement is the time when the primary focus should be on planning the wedding. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| Giving space and respecting privacy are two ways to build a healthy family relationship. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Depriving children of food and water is considered neglect. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Analyze the effects of effective communication | ANSWER: Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Effective communication involves the sender having the desired effect on the receiver of the message. For communication to be considered effective, minimal misunderstandings should take place betwee |
| A problem at work must be handled the same way as a personal conflict. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| Briefly describe the factors and characteristics that influence conflict resolution. | ANSWER: Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Personal attitudes play a role in conflict resolution and include prejudices, biases, prior experience, and the level of importance of a topic to the parties involved. It is important to note that y |
| What is the benefit of using neutral arguments to express oneself while in a conflict? | ANSWER: Responses will vary. A sample response follows: Neutral arguments avoid using "you" statements and, therefore, can assist in avoiding being perceived as offensive or indicating that you believe your opponent is unreasonable. It is best to use "I" |
| Teachers have the biggest influence on a child's emotional health. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| Men always do the abusing in a relationship. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| List and give a brief description of the key factors of active listening. | ANSWER: Responses will vary. A sample response follows: The key factors of active listening are as follows: paraphrasing or rephrasing the message; clarifying, which includes asking questions in order to understand the message; encouraging, which involve |
| Challenges for married teens include additional financial responsibilities and possible limitations on income. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| An individual who has reached full physical growth and maturity is ready for a child. T F | F |
| Both boys and girls experience a period of rapid change during puberty. T F | T |
| The final stage of the grieving process is anger, which provides an outlet to vent emotions. T F | F |
| Adolescence covers the stage of personal development and growth between childhood and adulthood. T F | T |
| Emotional and physical stress are often caused by __________. A. exercising B. loss C. achieving your goals D. relaxing | B. loss |
| As teens move through adolescence, __________. A. freedom increases, but so does responsibility B. freedom decreases and responsibility increases C. freedom increases and expectations decrease D. freedom decreases, but expectations increase | A. freedom increases, but so does responsibility |
| Why might adolescence be a stressful time for many teenagers? | Adolescence can be stressful because adolescents go through physical, mental, and emotional changes. It can also be stressful because teens are held to higher expectations and have more responsibilities, which can include chores and grades. |
| Many teens get their first job during adolescence, which __________. A. usually provides more anxiety than it's worth B. teaches workplace skills and etiquette C. illustrates that work performance isn't related to success D. all of the above | B. teaches workplace skills and etiquette |
| Parenting responsibilities can be even more difficult for teens. T F | T |
| Which of the following is NOT a common feeling during adolescence? A. increased desire for independence B. changes in self-perception C. increased sensitivity D. sense of security and calmness | D. sense of security and calmness |
| Explain why teens may wish to spend time with friends rather than parents during adolescence. | Teens often have a stronger desire to spend the majority of their time around other teens because they share similar interests. Teens develop a better sense of belonging when they feel like they are a part of a group or when they hang around other teens. |
| Teachers have the biggest influence on a child's emotional health. T F | F |
| Ceremonies help individuals cope with loss as they facilitate the grieving process. T F | T |
| Compare and contrast young adulthood with middle adulthood. | A person in the young adulthood stage is between the ages of 21 and 35. Young adulthood is a time when growth rate slows and people reach peak physical health. People in this stage generally make more responsible choices, have a better sense of identity, |
| Exercise and diet are excellent methods for coping with your feelings after a significant loss. T F | T |
| Premarital education has no direct effect on marriage. T F | F |
| The final stage of the grieving process is __________, which provides __________. A. anger . . . an outlet for dangerous feelings B. bargaining . . . the opportunity to trade something to erase your loss C. acceptance . . . the ability to move forwar | C. acceptance . . . the ability to move forward in life |
| Everyone experiences a period of __________ during puberty. A. little change B. emotional and mental stability C. reduced height and weight D. rapid change | D. rapid change |
| Successful marriages have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: A. good communication B. good debating skills C. shared values and interests D. commitment | B. good debating skills |
| Violence is a normal step in the grieving process. T F | F |
| When experiencing loss in your life, you are likely to experience grief, but not stress. T F | F |
| After passing through the acceptance stage of grieving, __________. A. it's easier to accept the loss and go forward in life B. the loss is completely forgotten C. you can consider yourself completely healed D. none of the above | A. it's easier to accept the loss and go forward in life |
| In general, being more emotionally stable and mature is a characteristic of which stage of adulthood? A.childhood B. young adulthood C. middle adulthood D. older adulthood | C. middle adulthood |
| Coping with loss means that you are struggling with the loss but ultimately overcoming it. T F | T |
| Most experts would agree that the use of discipline is necessary in helping children learn appropriate behavior. | T |
| Sexual awareness is usually not a significant issue during adolescence. T F | F |
| Adolescence causes physical changes to the body, but there are no significant mental or emotional changes. T F | F |
| Connections with friends can become more important than family relationships during adolescence. T F | T |
| An individual in middle adulthood often begins to experience which of the following changes? A. beginning to reflect on personal mortality B. beginning to evaluate life's purpose C. beginning to pursue new challenges D. all of the above | D. all of the above |
| Refusing to believe that the loss has occurred is called bargaining. T F | F |
| Even through all the changes of adolescence, it's very likely that your elementary school friends will be your adult friends. T F | F |
| It's perfectly natural for loss to be followed by __________. A. feelings of euphoria B. a long period of happiness C. celebration D. grief | D. grief |
| As teens move through adolescence, surrounding adults usually have higher expectations of them. T F | T |
| Depression is a stage of grieving in which __________. A. one may feel hopelessness and despair B. it's normal to feel deep sorrow for the loss C. it's important to talk with others about your feelings D. all of the above | D. all of the above |
| The adolescent period can be divided into early, middle, and late periods. T F | T |
| Which of the following are signs that a boy is going through puberty? A. growth of facial hair and longer finger nails B. voice gets deeper and growth of facial hair C. voice gets deeper and hair color changes D. shoulders broaden and hips widen | B. voice gets deeper and growth of facial hair |
| After experiencing a loss, it's important to take care of yourself by __________. A. focusing on life before the loss B. numbing yourself with drugs C. maintaining your physical health D. repressing your feelings | C. maintaining your physical health |
| One of the mental changes young adults experience is a better sense of identity. T F | T |
| Types of loss include all of the following EXCEPT: A. moving B. disability C. breakup D. friendship | D. friendship |
| Positive support mechanisms after a loss include __________. A. religious rituals B. blaming yourself for the loss C. family and friends D. both A and C | D. both A and C |
| An individual in middle adulthood often begins to experience which of the following changes? A. beginning to reflect on personal mortality B. beginning to evaluate life's purpose C. beginning to pursue new challenges D. all of the above | D. all of the above |
| In general, being more emotionally stable and mature is a characteristic of which stage of adulthood? A. childhood B. young adulthood C. middle adulthood D. older adulthood | D. older adulthood |
| Which of the following methods is NOT effective when it comes to resolving conflicts? A. never discussing things when you are angry B. giving each other a chance to speak C. taking things personally D. realizing that spouses can not read minds | C. taking things personally |
| Which of the following statements is NOT true about parenthood? A. Parents should not set boundaries for their children. B. Parents should provide for a child's basic needs. C. Parents should meet the emotional needs of their children. D. Parents s | A. Parents should not set boundaries for their children |
| Most experts would agree that the use of discipline is necessary in helping children learn appropriate behavior. T F | T |
| Which of the following is a health problem that occurs as a result of malnutrition in older adults? A. fatigue B. weak immune system C. depression D. all of the above | D. all of the above |
| Successful marriages have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: A. good communication B. good debating skills C. shared values and interests D. commitment | B. good debating skills |
| Pregnancy responsibilities include all the following EXCEPT: A. exercising excessively B. eating healthy C. eliminating alcohol D. eliminating drugs | A. exercising excessively |
| Premarital counseling is often provided by a licensed therapist. T F | T |
| Which of the following statements is most correct about parents and teens? A. Parents should let teens make all of their own decisions. B. Parents of teens need to maintain some control and set boundaries. C. Parents of teens should not be concerned | B. Parents of teens need to maintain some control and set boundaries. |
| One of the characteristics of middle adulthood is peak physical health. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| The physical changes in older adulthood reduce the ability of individuals to recover from illnesses. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Which of the following methods is NOT effective when it comes to resolving conflicts? A. never discussing things when you are angry B. giving each other a chance to speak C. taking things personally D. realizing that spouses can not read minds | C |
| One way a couple may know if they are ready to get married is when __________. A. the couple is madly in love B. the couple has no questions about the intent of marriage C. the couple is afraid to be without one another D. the couple is about to h | B |
| One of the mental changes young adults experience is a better sense of identity. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Which of the following is considered a stressor in a marriage? A. having financial trouble B. having respect for each other C. spending time with friends D. feeling content with the marriage Please select the best answer from the choices | A |
| Which of the following statements is most correct about parents and teens? A. Parents should let teens make all of their own decisions. B. Parents of teens need to maintain some control and set boundaries. C. Parents of teens should not be concerne | B |
| Premarital counseling is often provided by a licensed therapist. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Pregnancy responsibilities include all the following EXCEPT: A. exercising excessively B. eating healthy C. eliminating alcohol D. eliminating drugs Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | A |
| In general, being more emotionally stable and mature is a characteristic of which stage of adulthood? A. childhood B. young adulthood C. middle adulthood D. older adulthood Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | D |
| Major events of young adulthood can include all of the following EXCEPT: | plannignretirement |
| One way a couple may know if they are ready to get married is when __________. | couple has no questions on the intent of marriage |
| Most experts would agree that the use of discipline is necessary in helping children learn appropriate behavior. | true |
| Which of the following statements is most correct about parents and teens? | Parents of teens need to maintain some control and set boundaries. |
| One of the characteristics of middle adulthood is peak physical health. | false |
| Successful marriages have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT: | good debating skills q |
| Which of the following statements is NOT true about parenthood? | Parents should not set boundaries for their children. |
| Some major life events of older adulthood include all of the following EXCEPT: | midlife crisis |
| The physical changes in older adulthood reduce the ability of individuals to recover from illnesses. | true |
| An individual in middle adulthood often begins to experience which of the following changes? A. beginning to reflect on personal mortality B. beginning to evaluate life's purpose C. beginning to pursue new challenges D. all of the above | all of the above |
| A common strategy for coping with anxiety, depression, or thoughts of suicide is finding support from people around you. | true |
| The final stage of the grieving process is anger, which provides an outlet to vent emotions. | false |
| Type A personalities are less prone to stress than most people. | false |
| Mental health disorders are not really diseases. | false |
| Being able to perform well in a high pressure situation is a natural stress response that releases extra hormones. | true |
| v | true |
| Emotional and physical stress are often caused by __________. | loss |
| Describe how moving to a new location and beginning a new job may be difficult for someone diagnosed with a personality disorder. | Someone diagnosed with a personality disorder has difficulty coping with or adapting to situations involving change. They also have difficulty establishing relationships with others. Therefore, someone with a personality disorder would have trouble moving |
| Which of the following is a benefit to getting an adequate amount of sleep? | better concentration, improved physical health, improved chances of success |
| Give an example of how a clinical psychologist might treat someone diagnosed with a mood disorder. | A clinical psychologist may suggest that someone with a mood disorder set up an appointment with a psychiatrist to get medication to stabilize or assist with mood swings. The psychologist might also teach the client different strategies for handling stres |
| Provide two examples of loss that are common to many people. | The various types of loss include death, divorce, disability, moving, and relationship breakups. |
| Which of the following is TRUE about the stages of grieving? | Progressing through these stages will help to deal with loss in a healthy manner. |
| Compare and contrast the roles of a psychologist with a psychiatrist. | Psychiatrists obtain a medical degree and are able to prescribe medications to clients, while psychologists are not. Both a psychologist and a psychiatrist treat clients with mental illnesses. They often work together when treating a patient and focus on |
| Explain the three major causes that contribute to mental health disorders. | The exact causes of mental disorders are not fully understood, but the main causes are physical, psychological, and environmental factors. Physical factors are abnormalities in the body that occur due to physical damage. Brain damage, exposure to toxins, |
| Which of the following statements BEST describes paranoid schizophrenia? | includes having illusions and hallucinations |
| False | Type A personalities are less prone to stress than most people. |
| True | A common strategy for coping with anxiety, depression, or thoughts of suicide is finding support from people around you. |
| True | Healthy ways of coping with stress include developing refusal skills, getting sleep, and planning ahead. |
| True | Being able to perform well in a high pressure situation is a natural stress response that releases extra hormones. |
| False | The final stage of the grieving process is anger, which provides an outlet to vent emotions. |
| True | Ceremonies help individuals cope with loss as they facilitate the grieving process. |
| True | Stress is the body's automatic physical reaction to real or imagined forces. |
| True | Exercise and diet are excellent methods for coping with your feelings after a significant loss. |
| drinking excessive alcohol | Positive coping skills include all of the following EXCEPT: |
| False | Once the cause of stress has been identified, there are no behaviors that can lessen the effect of or eliminate the stress. |
| Violence is a normal step in the grieving process. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| Depression is a stage of grieving in which __________. A. one may feel hopelessness and despair B. it's normal to feel deep sorrow for the loss C. it's important to talk with others about your feelings D. all of the above Please select th | D |
| When experiencing loss in your life, you are likely to experience grief, but not stress. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| What does it mean to recognize your grief triggers? A. realizing that you will have grief after a loss B. planning activities that help you to isolate yourself from your feelings C. identifying which situations and activities are likely to arouse gr | C |
| Divorce and disability are two types of loss. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Coping with loss means that you are struggling with the loss but ultimately overcoming it. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Types of loss include all of the following EXCEPT: A. moving B. disability C. breakup D. friendship Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | D |
| Grieving is a natural part of the process when experiencing loss. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | True |
| Positive support mechanisms after a loss include __________. A. religious rituals B. blaming yourself for the loss C. family and friends D. both A and C Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | D |
| Refusing to believe that the loss has occurred is called bargaining. Please select the best answer from the choices provided. | False |
| Divorce and disability are two types of loss. | T |
| Refusing to believe that the loss has occurred is called bargaining. | F |
| Coping with loss __________. | Is a continuous process |
| Grieving is a natural part of the process when experiencing loss. | T |
| It's perfectly natural for loss to be followed by __________. | Grief |
| When experiencing loss in your life, you are likely to experience grief, but not stress. | F |
| Coping with loss means that you are struggling with the loss but ultimately overcoming it. | T |
| Types of loss include all of the following EXCEPT: | Friendship |
| What does it mean to recognize your grief triggers? | Identifying which situations and activities are likely to arouse grief |
| Drugs and alcohol are positive tools for coping with loss. | F |
| The final stage of the grieving process is anger, which provides an outlet to vent emotions. | F |
| Provide two examples of loss that are common to many people. | The various types of loss include death, divorce, disability, moving, and relationship breakups. |
| Ceremonies help individuals cope with loss as they facilitate the grieving process. | T |
| Exercise and diet are excellent methods for coping with your feelings after a significant loss. | T |
| Defend the position that interacting with other people is beneficial when grieving for a loss. | Everyone has different methods for dealing with a loss in their lives. However, many individuals cope more effectively with loss if they take advantage of using a support system during these times. Even if you wouldn't like to talk through your feelings i |
| Describe the relationship between loss and stress. | Loss is when something or someone in our lives is no longer available to us. Many times, these losses cause both physical and emotional stress, which must be managed |
| Positive support mechanisms after a loss include __________ | D. both A and C |
| Feeling guilty is normal when experiencing grief. | T |
| Which of the following is NOT a stage of grief? | C. anxiousness |
| Grieving is a natural part of the process when experiencing loss. | T |
| Types of loss include all of the following EXCEPT: | D. friendship |
| Depression is a stage of grieving in which __________. | D. all of the above |
| What does it mean to recognize your grief triggers? | C. identifying which situations and activities are likely to arouse grief |
| Refusing to believe that the loss has occurred is called bargaining. | F |
| Divorce and disability are two types of loss. | T |
| Violence is a normal step in the grieving process. | F |
| How can you positively manage the stress caused by loss? A. holding feelings inside B. lack of sleep C. connecting with others D. staying isolated | C |
| Types of loss include all of the following EXCEPT: A. moving B. disability C. breakup D. friendship | D |
| Depression is a stage of grieving in which __________. A. one may feel hopelessness and despair B. it's normal to feel deep sorrow for the loss C. it's important to talk with others about your feelings D. all of the above | D |
| After experiencing a loss, it's important to take care of yourself by __________. A. focusing on life before the loss B. numbing yourself with drugs C. maintaining your physical health D. repressing your feelings | C |
| Divorce and disability are two types of loss. | T |
| Refusing to believe that the loss has occurred is called bargaining. | F |
| What does it mean to recognize your grief triggers? A. realizing that you will have grief after a loss B. planning activities that help you to isolate yourself from your feelings C. identifying which situations and activities are likely to arouse gr | C |
| Coping with loss __________. A. happens all at once B. is a continuous process C. will help you to erase memories of those you have lost D. isn't crucial to recovery after a major loss | B |
| Which of the following is NOT a stage of grief? A. anger B. acceptance C. despair D. bargaining | C |
| Feeling guilty is normal when experiencing grief. | T |
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