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Hist 1111 Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Aryans | shown up around 1700s, migrated there, nomadic, society along Indus River, not civilized, language was Sanskrit |
| The Harappan Civilization (2300-1700) | name given by historians, lived during Sargon's Empire, lots of unity, in Indus valley |
| Hinduism | get offended if you say that hinduism gets influence from foreign invasion or migration, but historians think they did |
| Samsara, Karma, Moksha | after Vedic period, Samsara (ppl stuck in reincarnation cycle), Karma (weight of actions), Moksha (transcendent state attained by being released form cycle of rebirth) |
| Varna/Caste System | Priests, warriors, merchants, slaves, Dalit (untouchables) |
| Mahavira (527) and the Jains | a title that means the great hero, says peace is open to everyone in any caste by practicing non-violence, Jane Tradition is the continuation of Mahavira's teachings |
| Siddhartha Gautama/Buddha (556-486) | non-caste, came from warrior caste, leaves family, become Buddha once he achieves enlightenment, tries Jainism, came to conclusion that all life is suffering and the heart of it is desire, goal was Nirvana |
| The Middle Path | eightfold path of Buddhism regarded as a golden mean between self-indulgence and self-mortification |
| The Maurya Empire (321-297) | Chandragupta Maurya (321-297), realizes that he is destined to be an emperor when he meets Alexander the Great |
| Ashoka (272-232) | presumed that he had his brothers killed in battle, rule is full of conquest, had a change of heart from guilt, converts to Middle Path and Buddhism and promotes ideology throughout Asia, After his death, Maurya declines |
| The Gupta Empire (320-550) | came 500 years after Maurya, collapse came from Huns, return to classic Hindu thoughts, Buddhism became part of Hinduism, only way to achieve Nirvana is to be a monk, Mahayana = the great vehicle (anyone achieve nirvana) |
| Shang Dynasty (1600-1046) | May have coexisted with Xia dynasty, oracle bones, speak to ancestors, great area of spiritual influence, Dijon (corrupt, last emperor of Shang dynasty, revolted against due to ppl no longer speaking to ancestors) |
| The Duke of Zhou | Tan, brother of the conqueror of Shang dynasty, establish Zhou as most pious dynasty, did not take throne from nephew, established rituals |
| Confucius (551-479) | Kongfuzi, contemporary of Buddha, looked at the chaos and trauma and thought the way of future was to look to past, was not very influential, but his followers were after his death, philosopher and ethical teacher |
| Dao, Junzi, Ren | Dao = way (achieve harmony, justice and peace), Junzi = gentleman (better yourself from learning from past), Ren = benevolence (every relationship is unequal) |
| The Art of War and Sun Tzu (544-496) | warlord, could be fictional, very different solution that Confucius to solve turmoil, thought ppl were good and just needed to be educated, warfare is deception |
| Shang Yang (390-338) | Legalism, ppl are not good and need punishment, title not his name, incriminated with a plot against the king and was killed |
| The Qin Dynasty (221-206) | Qin Shi Huangdi (first true emperor of China, unified China and set many standards), fall of dynasty due to emperors desire for immortality, ppl did not like their harshness and were overthrown by Liu Bang, 15 years |
| The Wudi Emperor (141-87) | sees some of the last stages and flourishes of the Han synthesis (mixture of Confucianism, legalism, daoism), wants empire run by men of wisdom and authority |
| The "Three Kingdoms" Period (220-280) | one of the most romantic and popularized periods in Chinese history (romantic = different, strange, exotic) |
| The Etruscans | lived in Italian peninsula, not much known, gave sense of piety to Romans, ruled as monarchs over the Romans world for first era |
| The "Public Thing" | new government arose after overthrowing Tarquinius that was a Republic, Paterfamilias (head of fam had power), army (crucial part of Roman society, sense of patriotism, phalanx) |
| Pyrrhus (319-272) | warlord who wanted to make a name for himself, considered himself son of achilles, brought over elephants, beats the romans, but they fought so well he knew he lost war (win was too devastating for him) |
| Carthage | chief enemy of Rome, along North African coast, means new town, oligarchy, merchant based society |
| The Punic Wars (264-146) | war btwn Rome and Carthage, 3 diff wars, Rome won first war, 2nd war most famous (involved Hannibal, decided fate of Rome and Carthage), 3rd war is obliteration of Carthage |
| Hannibal (247-182) | some think he was greater than Alexander the Great, attacked Rome from North through Spain, won many battles but romans were so loyal he could not get their support |
| Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus (133-121) | sought reforms for Roman system (goal was land redistribution), failed, killed as result of violence breaking out in politics |
| Sulla's Reign of Terror (82-79) | wants to break the power of populates faction, Reign of terror was his purge of all people that he thought were resisting his reforms, prescription list, fills senate with his friends |
| Pompey (106-48) | brings the Roman world military might, part of his conquest is of the ancient Jewish territory of Judah |
| Cicero (106-43) | one of the quintessential self-made men of Roman history, wants reforms through legal reform not military, large role in bringing Cataline's plans to attention of Senate but breaks laws in doing so |
| Lucretius (55) and Catallus (54) | Lucretius (writes epic poem that celebrates the philosopher Epicurious and his atheism), Catullus (writes about the roman downfall in love poetry and asks where gods are now) |
| Julius Caesar (100-44) | military might and brains to achieve goals, created rule of 3 men, wrote in simple fashion, changed calendar, war btwn him and Pompey, killed on March 15, 44 BC |
| Octavian/Augustus (27BC-14AD) | Caesar's great nephew, power struggle btwn him and Mark Anthony, says gods abandoned them bus they have lost their piety, adopts Tiberius as successor |
| Virgil and the Aeneid | Tale of Aeneas, man who escaped troy and founded Rome, ultimate roman, mashed together the Iliad and Odyssey, pushes Octavians message and agenda |
| Maccabean War (167-141) | Jewish rebellion, did not like hellenistic influence on their life |
| The Pharisees | wanted to see world free of Greek influence, know for being rigorous and pure, lost political support during Hasmonean Dynasty |
| Herod the Great (73-1) | son of Antipater, leader of Jews, allowed Roman and Greek society to mix with Jewish, rebuilt Jewish temple, had anyone killed who threatened his reign |
| Jesus of Nazareth (4 BC - 30 AD) | Romans feared his followers would revolt and make him king, Jewish leaders brought him before Pontius Pilate and ask to have him killed, crucified |
| The Fall of Jewish Temple (70 AD) | romans decided Jerusalem needed to be punished due to frequent rebellions, so they siege city and destroy it, defining point for both jews and christians |
| Porphyry (233-305) | criticized Christianity, educated by christians or was a christian at one point, asked how christian gospel accounts vary in details |
| The Five Good Emperors (96-180) | each successor was picked to fit what the country needed |
| Marcus Aurelius (161-180) | a ruler who had a bit of everything, philosopher king, reign not successful, politically stable but socially falling apart |
| Ludi et Munera | Ludi = theaters, munera = gladiators |
| Diocletian (284-305) | savior of Roman tradition, split empire in half, then has him and other ruler adopt next strongest generals, tetrarchy, very effective reforms as ERE survives 1000 more years |
| Constantine (306-337) | son of one of the emperors, Edict of Milan (legalizes christianity), wants to make Roman Empire deeply Christian, Constantinople new capital, Council of Nicaea (325) (group of Christian leaders who got together to set beliefs for Roman Empire) |
Created by:
Crayford