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IGCSE CHEMISTRY
CHAPTER 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which property is not characteristic of a base? | It reacts with a carbonate to form carbon dioxide |
| Which property is not characteristic of a base? | It reacts with a carbonate to form carbon dioxide |
| Hydrochloric acid is used to clean metals. The acid reacts with the oxide layer on the surface of the metal, forming a salt and water. Which word describes the metal oxide? | Base |
| True or false: When the acidity of a solution increases, the pH increases | False |
| Name one reaction is not characteristic of an acid | It produces ammonia from ammonium compounds |
| Name the equation for the reaction between sodium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid? | Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(I) |
| Which substance is the most acidic? | Substance - Lemon juice pH is 4 |
| A colourless solution is tested by the following reactions. Which reaction is not characteristic of an acid? | Copper oxide powder is added and the mixed is warmed. The solution turns blue |
| Name two statements about alkalis? | When tested with litmus, the litmus turns blue. When warmed with an ammonium salt, ammonia gas is given off |
| Different plants grow best under different pH conditions. Which plant grows best in alkaline soil? | Cabbage grows best in soil at pH 6- |
| Carbon dioxide is produced when X reacts with ethanol. Y reacts with sodium carbonate. What are X and Y? | X - O2 Y - HCl |
| A white solid is insoluble in water. When it is added to hydrochloric acid, bubbles of gas are formed. Adding aqueous ammonia formed gives a white precipitate. Adding excess aqueous ammonia causes the precipitate to re-dissolve. What is the white solid? | Zinc carbonate |
| Which two compounds give a white precipitate when their aqueous solutions are mixed? | Silver nitrate and sodium chloride |
| Two tests are done to identify an aqueous solution of X. test 1 Aqueous sodium hydroxide is added and a blue precipitate is produced. test 2 Dilute nitric acid is added followed by aqueous silver nitrate and a white precipitate is produced. What is X? | Copper chloride |
| Which gas relights a glowing splint? | Oxygen |
| Name one statement about aqueous sodium hydroxide | When it is added to a solution of iron(II) ions, a green precipitate is formed which does not dissolve in excess. |
| Aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to solid X and the mixture is heated. A green precipitate is formed and an alkaline gas is given off. Which ions are present in X? | NH4+ and Fe2+ |
| Which pairs of aqueous ions both react with dilute sulfuric acid to give a visible result? | Ba2+ and CO32 |
| Barium hydroxide is an alkali. It reacts with hydrochloric acid. How does the pH of the hydrochloric acid change as an excess of aqueous barium hydroxide is added? | The pH increases from 1 to about 14. |
| When sodium reacts with water, a solution and a gas are produced. The solution is tested with litmus paper and the gas is tested with a splint. What happens to the litmus paper and to the splint? | Litmus paper - red to blue Splint - lighted splint ‘pops’ |
| A solution contains barium ions and silver ions. What could the anion be? | Nitrate only |
| Some barium iodide is dissolved in water. Aqueous lead(II) nitrate is added until no more precipitate forms. This precipitate, X, is filtered off. Dilute sulfuric acid is added , Y, forms. What are the colours of X and Y | X - Yellow Y - White |
| Aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to a solid, X, and the mixture is heated. A green precipitate is formed and an alkaline gas is given off. Which ions are present in X? | NH4 + and Fe2+ |
| An aqueous solution Y contains both barium ions and silver ions. In separate experiments, dilute sulfuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid are added to solution Y. Which of these acids causes a precipitate to form in solution Y? | Dilute sulfuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid |
| Aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to salt. A blue precipitate is formed which does not dissolve in excess. Aluminium foil is added and the mixture is warmed. A gas is produced that turns damp red litmus paper blue. What is the name of the salt? | Copper(II) nitrate |
| An element E is burned in air. A white solid oxide is formed. The oxide is tested with damp red litmus paper. The paper turns blue. What is element E? | Calcium |
| What is the method used to make copper(II) sulfate crystals? Name 6 points. | 1 Place dilute sulfuric acid in a beaker. 2 Warm the acid. 3 Add copper(II) oxide until it is in excess. 4 Filter the mixture. 5 Evaporate the filtrate until crystals start to form. 6 Leave the filtrate to cool. |
| What is the correct sequence of steps for the preparation of a pure sample of copper(II) sulfate crystals from copper(II) oxide and sulfuric acid? | Dissolving → filtration → evaporation → crystallisation |
| Salts can be made by adding different substances to dilute hydrochloric acid. For which substance could any excess not be removed by filtration? | Sodium hydroxide |
| Name the Four stages in the preparation of a salt from an acid and a solid metal oxide? | 1. Heat the acid 2. Add excess solid 3 Filter to remove unwanted solid 4. Evaporate half the solution and leave to cool. |
| A salt is produced in each of the following reactions. P magnesium + dilute hydrochloric acid Q zinc oxide + dilute sulfuric acid R sodium hydroxide + dilute hydrochloric acid S copper carbonate + dilute sulfuric acid Name two statements? | 1 A flammable gas is produced in reaction P. 2 All the salts formed are soluble in water. |
| Zinc sulfate is a soluble salt and can be prepared by reacting excess zinc carbonate with dilute sulfuric acid. Which piece of equipment would not be required in the preparation of zinc sulfate crystals? | Condenser |
| Name the Four steps to prepare a salt from an excess of a solid base and an acid | 1 neutralisation 2 filtration 3 evaporation 4 crystallisation |
| Which method is used to make the salt copper sulfate? | Dilute acid + carbonate |
| Name two methods that are suitable for preparing both zinc sulfate and copper sulfate? | 1 Reacting the metal oxide with warm dilute aqueous sulfuric acid. 2 Reacting the metal carbonate with dilute aqueous sulfuric acid. |
| Name two processes are involved in the preparation of magnesium sulfate from dilute sulfuric acid and an excess of magnesium oxide? | Neutralisation and filtration |
| How many different salts could be made from a supply of dilute sulfuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid, copper, magnesium oxide and zinc carbonate? | 4 |
| Which salt preparation uses a burette and a pipette? | Potassium chloride from potassium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid |
| Which acid reacts with ammonia to produce the salt ammonium sulfate? | Sulfuric |
| Copper carbonate reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to make copper sulfate. CuCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) → CuSO4(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l Show the order of the 4 steps for making copper sulfate crystals? | 1. Add excess copper carbonate to the acid 2. Filter 3. Evaporate filtrate to point of crystallisation 4. Leave to cool |
| Which acid reacts with ammonia to produce the salt ammonium sulfate? | Sulfuric |
| Anhydrous copper(II) sulfate can be made by heating hydrated copper(II) sulfate. CuSO4.5H2O → CuSO4 + 5H2O What can be added to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate to turn it into hydrated copper(II) sulfate? | Water |
| A compound is a salt if it | Is formed when an acid reacts with a base. |
| Salts X and Y are separately dissolved in water. Samples of the solutions obtained are separately tested with dilute hydrochloric acid and with aqueous sodium hydroxide. In two of the tests, a gaseous product is formed. What are salts X and Y? | X - Na2CO3 Y - NH4Cl |
| A liquid turns white anhydrous copper sulfate blue and has a boiling point of 103°C. Which could be the identity of the liquid? | Salt solution |
| A salt is made by adding an excess of an insoluble metal oxide to an acid. How can the excess metal oxide be removed? | Filtration |
| Salts can be prepared by reacting a dilute acid. Name 2 points. | 1 With a base; 2 With a carbonate |
| An excess of copper(II) oxide is added to dilute sulfuric acid to make crystals of hydrated copper(II) sulfate. Which two processes may be used to obtain crystals of hydrated copper(II) sulfate. | 1. Filter 2. Concentrate the resulting solution |
| Five elements have proton numbers. What are the proton numbers of the three elements that form oxides? | 12, 14 and 16 |
| Name the three characteristic of a base? | It reacts with an acid to form a salt. It reacts with an ammonium salt to form ammonia. It turns universal indicator paper blue. |
Created by:
Haridus Academy