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Chem 1
Chem 101 Chapter One
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hypothesis | Statement that relates two variables; a tentative explanation of some regularity of nature |
| Law | Concise statement or mathematical equation about a fundamental relationship or regularity of nature |
| Theory | A tested explanation of basic natural phenomena |
| Steps of the scientific method | 1. Identify the research question 2. collect background information 3. create hypothesis 4. test with experiment 5. observe and collect data 6. make conclusion based on hypothesis |
| Matter | whatever occupies space and can be perceived by our senses |
| Mass | quantity of matter in a material |
| Law of the Conservation of Mass | the total mass remains constant during a chemical change |
| Difference between weight and mass | mass is the quantity of matter in a material, whereas weight is the force of gravity exerted on the object |
| Who came up with the Law of Conservation of Mass? | Antoine Lavoisier |
| Solid | the form of matter characterized by rigidity; relatively incompressible and has fixed shape and volume |
| Liquid | the form of matter that is a relatively incomprehensible fluid; fixed volume but no fised shape |
| Gas | the form of matter that is an easily compressible fluid; a given quantity will fit into a container of almost any size and shape |
| State of Matter | comprised by solid, liquid, and gas |
| Chemical change | a change in which one or more kinds of matter are transformed into a new kind of matter or several new kinds of matter |
| Example of chemical change | setting something on fire, something rusting |
| Physical change | change in the form of matter but not in its chemical identity |
| Example of physical change | mixing salt in water, color change, state change |
| Chemical property | characteristic of a material involving its chemical change |
| Example of chemical properties | flammability, reactivity |
| Physical property | characteristic that can be observec for a material without changing its chemical identity |
| Example of physical property | physical state, melting point, color |
| Elements vs compounds | Both are pure substances, but elements can't be chemically decomposed, wehreas compounds can be chemically decomposed. |
| Mixture | material that can be physically separated into two or more substances |
| Phase | one of several different homogenous materials present in the portion of matter under study; a heterogenous mixture of salt and sugar has two phases, one phase is salt and one phase is sugar. |
| Preicision | the repeatability of your measurement |
| Accuracy | how close you are to the intended value (target) |
| Angstrom | used by chemists, means 10^-10m |
| Nanometer | 10^-9m |
| Boiling points | 100 celcius, 212 fahrenheit, 373.15 kelvin |
| Freezing point | 0 celcius, 32 celcius, 273.15 kelvin |
| How many cm is 1 in? | 2.54 cm (exact) |
| How many m is 1 yd? | 0.9144 m (exact) |
| How many km is 1 mi? | 1.609 km |
| How many ft is 1 mi? | 5280 ft (exact) |
| How many kg is 1 lb? | 0.4536 kg |
| How many oz is 1 lb? | 16 oz (exact) |
| How many g is 1 oz? | 28.35 g |
| How many L is 1 qt? | .9464 L |
| How many qt is 1 gal? | 4 qt (exact) |
Created by:
leeannab
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