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Psychology 11 Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stress | The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging |
| Catastrophes | Large-scale disasters such as earthquakes, floods, wildfires, and storms |
| Daily hassles and social stress | such as dead cell phones, aggravating housemates, too many things on our to-do list. Such stressors add up and can take a toll on health and well-being |
| General adaptation syndrome (GAS) | The concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases-alarm, resistance, exhaustion |
| General Adaptation System | Phase 1: Alarm reaction as your sympathetic nervous system is suddenly activated. Your heart rate zooms, blood is diverted to your skeletal muscles; you are ready to fight back § Phase 2: Resistance as your temperature, blood pressure, and respiration |
| Tend-and-befriend response | Under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend) |
| Catharsis | The idea of releasing aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) to relieve aggressive urges |
| Problem-focused coping | Attempting to alleviate stress directly- by changing the stressor or the way we interact with the stressor (for example, if our impatience leads to a family fight, we may go directly to that family member to work things out). We tend to use problem-fo |
| Emotion-focused coping | Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction. We turn to emotion-focused coping when we believe we cannot change a situation. Emotion-focused coping can be helpful (i. |
| Learned helplessness | the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or person learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events |
| External locus of control | The perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate (i.e. people living in war-torn countries) |
| Internal locus of control | The perception that we control our own fate |
| Aerobic exercise | Sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; also helps alleviate depression and anxiety (i.e. jogging, swimming, biking) |
| Mindfulness meditation | A reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner |
| Healthy behaviors | Religion promotes self control. Those who don’t smoke or drink and are physically active have healthier lifestyles |
| Social support | Faith is a communal experience, and we know that a support network can help health and well-being |
| Positive emotions | Religiously active people may benefit from a stable, coherent world-view, a sense of hope for the long-term future, feelings of ultimate acceptance, and the relaxed meditation of prayer or other religious observances |
| Feel-good, do-good phenomenon | people’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood |
| Positive Psychology | The scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive |
| Positive well-being | Encompasses satisfaction with the past, happiness with the present, and optimism about the future |
Created by:
s42mahoney