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EMR FINAL EXAM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DISPATCH | DISPATCH SYSTEMS HAVE CENTRAL DISPATCH OR COMMUNICATIONS CTR WITH 24HR ACCESS. DISPATCH CTRS STAFFED WITH PERSONNEL SPECIALLY TRAINED TO DISPATCH THE MOST APPROPRIATE L UNITS |
| PSAP (PUBLIC SAGETY ANSWERING POINT | A DESIGNATED 911 EMERGENCY DISPATCH CENTER |
| EMR (PROCEDURES ALLOWED AT VARIOUS LEVEL) | THIS LEVEL OF EMS EDUCATION AND TRAINING IS DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY FOR THE INDIVIDUAL WHO IS OFTEN FIRST TO ARRIVE A THE SCENE - OFFICERS/FIREFIGHTERS/ INDUSTRIAL WORKER/PUBLIC SERVICE PROVIDERS ARE TRAINED AS EMR'S. |
| EMT (PROCEDURES ALLOWED AT VARIOUS LEVEL) | EMT IS CONSIDERED THE MINIMUM LEVEL OF EDUCATION AND CERTIFICATION FOR AMBULANCE PERSONNEL. THE TRAINING EMPHASIZED ASSESSMENT CARE, TRANSPORTATION ILL OR INJURED PATIENTS. |
| AEMT (PROCEDURES ALLOWED AT VARIOUS LEVEL) | ADVANCED EMT IS BASIC LEVEL EMT WHO HAS RECEIVED ADDITIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN SPECIFIC AREAS, ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT, STARTING IV LINES, AIRWAYS, ADMINISTERING MEDICATION. |
| EMTP (PROCEDURES ALLOWED AT VARIOUS LEVEL) | PARAMEDICS ARE TRAINED TO PERFORM WHAT IS COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT CARE, INSERTING AIRWAYS,IV LINES,ADMINISTER MEDICATION,INTERPRET EKG'S,CARDIAC RHYTHMS CARDIAC DEFIBRILLATION. |
| WHO CAN USE - MANUAL DEFIBRILLATOR | HIGHLY TRAINED EMS PERSONNEL SUCH AS (AEMTS ADVANCED EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECH AND PARAMEDICS. |
| HIPAA (HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT) | A LAW THAT DICTATES THE EXTENT TO WHICH PROTECTED HEALTH INFORMATION CAN BE SHARED |
| HIPAA - (WHAT IT DOES) | IT GIVES PATIENTS MORE CONTROL OVER THEIR OWN HEALTHCARE INFORMATION AND LIMITS THE WAY THAT INFORMATION IS STORED AND SHARED WITH OTHERS |
| HIPAA - (WHAT CAN YOU DO) | A GOOD RULE OF THUMB REGARDING THE SHARING OF PATIENT INFORMATION IS WHEN IN DOUBT, DON'T. |
| MANDATED REPORT | ANY INDIVIDUAL REQUIRED BY LAW TO REPORT (OR CAUSE A REPORT TO BE MADE) WHENEVER FINANCIAL, PHYSICAL,SEXUAL, OR OTHER TYPES OF ABUSE OR NEGLECT HAVE BEEN OBSERVED OR ARE SUSPECTED. |
| IMPLIED CONSENT | PATIENT IS UNRESPONSIVE,CONFUSED,SEVERELY ILL OR A MINOR AND THAT EXPRESSED CONSENT CANNOT BE GIVEN. |
| EXPRESSED CONSENT | A COMPETENT ADULTS DECISION TO ACCEPT EMERGENCY CARE |
| REFUSAL OF CARE | ALERT AND COMPETENT ADULTS HAVE THE RIGHT TO REFUSE CARE. YOU MAY NOT FORCE CARE ON COMPETENT ADULTS/RESTRAIN THEM AGAINST THEIR WISHES. INFORM THE PT. OF DANGERS OF REFUSAL, ID THEIR REFUSAL, ASK FAMILY HELP TO CONVINCE ACCEPT CARE, DOCUMENT EVERYTHING! |
| COMPETENT PATIENT - WHO IS | REFERS TO THE PATIENTS MENTAL ABILITY TO COMPREHEND THE SITUATION AND MAKE RATIONAL DECISIONS REGARDING HIS OR HER MEDICAL CARE |
| COMPETENT PATIENT - WHO ISN'T | A PATIENT MAY NOT BE COMPETENT TO MAKE MEDICAL DECISIONS IN CERTAIN CASES, SUCH AS INTOXICATION, DRUG INGESTION SERIOUS INJURY MENTAL ILLINESS. |
| STANDARD PRECAUTIONS | STEPS TO TAKE TO PROTECT AGAINST EXPOSURE TO BODILY FLUIDS |
| SCENE SAFETY | SCENE SAFETY BEGINS LONG BEFORE EMERGENCY MEDICALLY RESPONDERS ACTUALLY ARRIVE. THE NATURE OF THE CALL WILL HELP TO DETERMINE WHAT TYPE OF PERSONAL TO TAKE AS YOU APPROACH THE SCENE. |
| STAGES OF GRIEVING | THE DENIAL STAGE THE ANGER STAGE THE BARGAINING STAGE THE DEPRESSION STAGE THE ACCEPTANCE STAGE |
| HIV - HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS - AIDS - ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME | HIV IS A PATHOGEN THAT CAUSE THE AIDS (ACQUIED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME) HIV DOES NOT SURVIVE WELL OUTSIDE THE BODY, NOT AS HIGHLY CONCENTRATED IN BODILY FLUIDS AS ARE HEP B/C VIRUSES. THERE IS NO CURE. |
| TUBERCULOSIS | A DISEASE MOST OFTEN AFFECTING THE LUNGS, CAN BE FETAL. TB IS SPREAD BY AEROSOLIZED DROPLETS IN THE AIR USUALLY THE RESULT OF COUGHING AND SNEEZING. NEW STRAINS ARE RESISTANT TO TREATMENT. |
| MENINGITIS | MENINGITIS IS AN INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD, IS ALSO A SERIOUS DISEASE ESPECIALLY FOR CHILDREN. CAUSED BY BACTERIA TRANSMITEED BY RESPIRATORY DROPLETS EASY TO TREAT WITH ANTIBIOTICS |
| CRANIAL CAVITY | HOUSE THE BRAIN AND ITS SPECIALIZED MEMBRANES |
| THORACIC CAVITY - AKA CHEST CAVITY | ENCLOSED BY THE RIB CAGE HOLDS AND PROTECT THE LUNGS HEART AORTA AND VENA CAVA PART OF THE TRACHEA AND ESOPHAGUS |
| DIAPHRAGM | THIS MUSCLE SEPARATES THE CHEST CAVITY FROM THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY. |
| ABDOMINAL CAVITY | LIES BETWEEN THE CHEST AND THE PELVIC CAVITIES, STOMACH, LIVER GALLBLADDER PANCREAS SPLEEN SMALL INTESTINE MOST OF THE LARGE INTESTINE CAN BE FOUND IN THIS CAVITY. NOT SURROUND BY BONE |
| PELVIC CAVITY | IS PROTECTED BY THE BONES OF THE PELVIS OR PELVIC GIRDLE, THIS CAVITY HOUSES THE URINARY BLADDER PORTIONS OF THE LARGE INTESTINE AND THE INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS |
| SOAP AND WATER VS HAND SANITIZER | WASH WITH WARM WATER AND SOAP. IF WATER AND SOAP ARE NOT IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE USE AND ALCOHOL BASED DISINFECTANT UNTIL YOU CAN GET TO SOAP AND WATER |
| RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - MAIN COMPONENTS | THE NOSE (NASOPHARYNX) MOUTH (OROPHARYNX) TRACHEA LUNGS BRONCHI BRONCHIOLES ALVEOLI AND ASSOCIATED MUSCLES RLEALTED TO BREATHING. |
| CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM | THIS INCLUDES THE HEART, BLOOD VESSELS AND THE BLOOD. THERE ARE TWO SIDES TO THE CARDIVASCULAR SYSTEM THE ARTERIAL SYSTEM THAT CARRIES OXYGENTATED BLOOD TO THE BODY AD THE VARIOUS SYSTEM THAT RETURNS DEOXYENATED BLOOD TO THE HEART AND LUNGS |
| MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM | THIS SYSTEM INCLUDES THE BONES MUSCLES, TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS. THE MAIN FUNCTION OF THIS SYSTEM IS TO PROVIDE STRUCTURE SUPPORT AND PROTECTION FOR THE BODY AND INTERNAL ORGANS AND ALLOW FOR THE BODY MOVEMENT. |
| HOW MANY BONES ARE IN THE HUMAN BODY | 206 |
| WHAT IS IT CALLED WHEN TWO OR MORE ONES COME TOGETHER | JOINT |
| WHAT ARE TOUGH FIBROUS TISSUES THAT KEEP THE BONES OD A JOINT TOGETHER | LIGAMENTS |
| WHAT IS THE PRIMARY RESPONSIBLE FOR RESPIRATORY SYSTEM | THE EXCHANGE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE. WARMS FILTERS AND MOISTURIZES THE AIR AS IT ENTERS THE BODY |
| NERVOUS SYSTEM | THE PRIMARY STRUCTURES OF THIS SYSTEM INCLUDES BRAIN, SPINAL CORD,AND THE NETWORK OF NERVES THAT EXTEND OUT TO ALL PARTS OF THE BODY. IT MAIN FUNCTION IS TO CONTROL MOVEMENT INTERPRET SENSATIONS REGULATE BODY ACTIVITIES AND GENERATE MEMORY AND THOUGHT, |
| THE NERVOUS SYSTEM IS DIVIDED INTO TWO SYSTEMS | CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL |
| THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INCLUDES | BRAIN AND SPINAL FORD |
| THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INCLUDES | SENSORY (INCOMING) AND MOTOR (OUTGOING) NERVES |
| THE SKELETAL SYSTEM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR | THE PRODUCTION OF DISEASE FIGHTING WHITE BLOOD CELLS |
| THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IS THE PART OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | THAT ACTS AS THE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR MOST OF THE INVOLUNTARY PROCESSES SUCH AS HEART RATE RESPIRATORY RATE DIGESTION PERSPIRATION AND SALIVATION. |
| AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM - PART 2 | IS DIVIDED INTO THE SYMPATHETIC (QUICK RESPONSE) AND PARASYMPATHETIC (SLOW CONTROL) SYSTEM |
| DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PRIMARY STRUCTURE | THE ESOPHAGUS STOMACH LIVER PANCREAS SMALL INTESTINE AND LARGE INTESTINE. THE MAIN FUNCTION OF THIS SYSTEM IS TO PROPERLY DIGEST THE FOOD WE EAT SO IT CAN BE ABSORBED THROUGH THE INTESTINES AND USED FOR ENERGY FOR OUR CELLS |
| REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM | THE PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF THIS SYSTEM INCLUDES THE TESTES AND PENIS FOR THE MALE AND THE OVARIES FALLOPIAN TUBES UTERUS AND VAGINA FOR THE FEMALE. |
| HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK | A FORM OF HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK THAT OCCURS WHEN THE BODY LOSES A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF BLOOD |
| CARDIOGENIC SHOCK | A FORM OF SHOCK CAUSED WHEN THE HEART IS UNABLE TO PUMP BLOOD EFFICIENTLY |
| NEUROGENIC SHOCK | A FORM OF DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK RESULTING FROM SPINAL CORD INJURY |
| ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK | A FORM OF DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK CAUSED BY A SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTION |
| PSYCHOGENIC SHOCK | A FORM OF DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK THAT RESULTS IN A SUDDEN TEMPORARY DILATION OF BLOOD VESSELS |
| SEPTIC SHOCK | A FORM OF DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK CAUSED BY A WIDESPREAD INFECTION OF THE BLOOD |
| COMPENSATED SHOCK | THE CONDITION IN WHICH THE BODY IS USING SPECIFIC MECHANISMS SUCH AS INCREASED PULSE RATE AND INCREASED BREATHING RATE TO COMPENSATE FOR A LOAK OF ADEQUATE PERFUSION |
| SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK RESTLESSNESS OR COMBATIVENESS | THE PATIENT IS REACTING TO THE BODY'S ATTEMPT TO ADJUST TO THE LOSS OF PROPER CIRCULATORY FUNCTION. THE PATIENT FEELS THAT SOMETHING IS WRONG AND MAY LOOK AFRAID. IN SOME CASES THIS BEHAVIORAL CHANGE MAYBE THE FIRST SIGN OF DEVELOPING SHOCK |
| SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK CHANGES IN MENTAL STATUS | A ADEQUATE CIRCULATION TOT HE BRAIN CONTINUE TO FAIL THE PATIENT WILL BECOME CONFUSED DISORIENTED SLEEPY OR UNRESPONIVE . CHANGES IN MENTAL STATUS ARE SOME OF THE MOST SENSITIVE AND RELIABLE SIGNS OF SHOCK |
| SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK INCREASED PULSE RATE | THE BODY IS TRYING TO COMPENSATE FOR A DROP IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND POOR PERFUSION |
| SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK PALE, COOL, MOIST SKIN | AS BLOOD IS REDIRECTED TO THE VITAL ORGANS FROM THE SKIN WILL BECOME PALE AND FEEL COOL TO THE TOUCH. CAPILLARY REFILL WILL BE MUCH SLOWER THAN NORMAL STIMULATION FROM THE SYMPATAHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ALSO CAUSES SWEATING |
| SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK RESPIRATORY AND CARDIAC ARREST SHOCK | AS THE ABILITY OF THE BODY TO COMPENSATE WEAKNESS REPIRATORY AND CARDIAC ARREST ARE INEVITABLE |
| ANATOMICAL POSITION | THE STANDARD REFERENCE POSITION FOR THE BODY IN THE STUDY OF ANATOMY THE BODY IS STANDING ERECT FACING THE OBSERVER WITH ARMS DOWN AT THE SIDES PALMS FORWARD |
| PNEUMOTHORAX | AN ESCAPE OF AIR INTO THE PEURAL SPACE THAT IS OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH TRAUMA |
| HEMOTHORAX | BLOOD IN THE PLEURA SPACE |
| SHOCK POSITION | ELEVATION OF THE FEET OF A SUPINE PATIENT 6 TO 12 INCHES RECOMMENDED FOR SHOCK THAT IS NOT CAUSED BY INJURY |
| STAIR CHAIR | THE STAIR CHAIR HELPS RESCUERS MOVE SEATED MEDICAL PATIENTS DOWN STAIRWAYS AND THROUGH TIGHT PLACES WHERE A TRADITIONAL STRETCHER WILL NOT FIT. |
| What do arteries do? | CARRY BLOOD AWAY FROM THE HEART. THEY ARE COMPOSED OF THREE LAYERS (TUNICS) AND CAN CHANGE DIAMETER BY CONTRACTING THEIR MIDDLE LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE |
| What do veins do? | CARRY BLOOD BACK TO THE HEART AND CAN ALSO CHANGE DIAMETER DUE TO A LAYER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE |
| Circulatory System | is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases |
| Cardiovascular System | The primary components of the Cardiovascular System include the heart , blood vessels, and blood. |
| What are Emergent moves? | A PATIENT MOVE THAT IS CARRIED OUT QUICKLY WHEN THE SCENE IS HAZARDOUS CARE OF THE PAATIENT REQUIRES IMMEDIATE REPOSITIONING OR YOU MUST REACH ANOTHER PATIENT WHO NEEDS LIFESAVING CARE ALSO CALLED AN EMERGENCY MOVE |
| What is verbal communication | WORDS AND SOUNDS |
| What is non-verbal communication | BODY LANGUAGE, EYE CONTACT AND GESTURES |
| What is body language communication | COMMUNICATION USING THE MOVEMENT AND ATTITUDES OF THE BODY |
| (Radio use) What are base stations? | A HIGH POWERED TWO WAY RADIO LOCATED AT A DISPATCH CENTER OR HOSPITAL |
| (Radio use) what is a REPEATER? | A FIXED ANTENNA THAT IS USED TO BOOST A RADIO SIGNAL |
| (Radio use) what is etiquette? | The conduct of members of the profession in their relationship one. with another, while ethical rules deal rather with the relation |
| What is a Patient Care Report? | A document that provides details about a patient's condition, history, and care as well as information about the event that caused the illness/injury |
| (PCR) What is run data? | The information of the call itself, includes the names of the medical respondents, the agency they work for, and the date and time of the incident |
| (PCR) What is the minimum data set? | The minimum information required by the U.S. department of transportation standard for each patient; typically applies only to 911 calls |
| What is the difference between Subjective & Objective | Objective: can be seen, felt, or in some way measured scientifically Subjective : are influenced by the individual, who in this case is the PT, reporting the symptoms |
| How do you correct errors on Patient Care Report? | PAPER FORM CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT ITEM WITH A SINGLE LINE,INITIAL IT AND WRITE THE CORRECT INFO.NEVER COMPLETELY COVER THE INCORRECT INFO IT MAY APPEAR THAT U ARE ATTEMPTING TO HIDE SOMETHING. ERRORS ELECTRONIC PCR REQUIRE YOU SUBMIT/ELECTRONIC ADDENDUM |
| What is the Room Air O2 Concentration? | 21% O2 |
| What is a primary assessment? | A quick assessment of the PT's airway, breathing and circulation status, as well as a scan for obvious bleeding |
| What is a secondary assessment? | The secondary assessment is a more through assessment of the PT, its also a complete head to toe physical exam, including medical history |
| What are the two sub-components of the secondary assessment? | History: includes all the information you can gather regarding the patient's condition as well as any previous medical history Physical exam: includes use your hands and eyes to inspect the PT for any signs of illness /injury |
| What is a Patient Assessment? | A standardized approach for preforming a physical exam and obtaining a medical history on a patient |
| WHAT DOES IT MEAN - OPQRST | O - ONSET P - PROVOCATION Q - QUALITY R - REGION/RADIATE S - SEVERITY T - TIME |
| What is the difference between a medical and trauma assessment? | Medical: one who has or describes symptoms of an illness Trauma: one who has a physical injury caused by an externall force |
| What does it mean - SAMPLE | S – Signs/Symptoms (Symptoms are important but they are subjective.) A – Allergies M – Medications P – Past Pertinent medical history L – Last Oral Intake (Sometimes also Last Menstrual Cycle.) E – Events Leading Up To Present Illness / Injury |
| What is the difference between a Rapid and focused assessment? | Rapid: A quick and less detailed assessment of the most critical areas of the patient |
| PULSE | NOTHING MORE THAN A REMOTE HEART BEAT |
| PULSE RATE ADULT | 60 -100 |
| PULSE RATE > 10 YEARS | 60 -100 |
| PULSE RATE 2 TO 10 YEARS | 60 - 140 |
| PULSE RATE 3 MONTHS TO 2 YEARS | 100 TO 190 |
| PULSE RATE NEWBORN TO 3 MONTHS | 85 - 205 |
| STRIDOR | IS HIGH PITCHED SOUND TYPICALLY ON INSPIRATION CAUSED BY SELLING OF THE LARYNX ALSO REFERRED TO AS CROWING |
| CHOKING - UNRESPONSIVE ADULT OR CHILD | ADULT OR CHILD ONE YEAR UP: ACT QUICKLY TO DETERMINE IF YOU ARE ABLE TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE VENT. THE TONGUE IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION, MAKE CERTAIN TO OPEN THE AIRWAY USING THE MOST APPROPRIATE MANEUVER PRIOR TO ATTEMPTING VENT. CPR |
| CHOKING - RESPONSIVE INFANT | YOUNGER THAN ONE YEAR OF AGE - USE A COMBINATION OF BACK BLOWS AND CHEST THRUSTS IS USED TO REMOVE THE FOREIGN OBJECT |
| CHOKING - UNRESPONSIVE INFANT | BSI PRECAUTIONS - INFANT LYING FACE UP -CHECK FOR SIGNS OF BREATHING - ACTIVATE 911 - INITIATE CHEST COMPRESSION - 30 COMPRESSIONS OPEN AIRWAY AND CHECK FOR EVIDENCE OF A FOREIGN OBJECT. ATTEMPT TWO RESCUE BREATHS |
| AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR (AED) | AN ELECTRIC DEVICE THAT WHEN APPLIED TO THE CHEST CAN DETECT CERTAIN ABNORMAL HEART RHYTHMS AND DELIVER A SHOCK TO THE PATIENTS HEART, THIS SHOCK MAY ALLOW THE HEART TO RESUME A NORMAL PATTERN OF BEATING |
| JAW THRUST MANEUVER | A TECHNIQUE USED TO OPEN THE AIRWAY OF A TRAUMA PATIENT WITH POSSIBLE NECK OR SPINE INJURY |
| UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTIONS | UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTONS OCCUR ABOVE THE TRACHEA AND PREVENT AIR FROM ENTERING THE LOWER AIRWAY. ONE COMMON CAUSE OF UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION IS LOSS OF MUSCLE CONTROL IN THE PHARYNX AND SOFT TISSUES OF THE TONGUE AND EPIGLOTTIS |
| LOWER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTIONS | THE MOST COMMON LOWER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION CALLED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION OCCURS WHEN THE MUSCLES AROUND THE SMALL TUBES IN THE LUNGS SPASM DOWN AND REDUCE AND REDUCE AIRFLOW IN THE OUT OF THE ALVEOLI. |
| What is Most important action for unresponsive patient? | open the patient's airway |
| Mediastinum – what is it | The area between the lungs. The organs in the mediastinum include the heart and its large veins and arteries, the trachea, the esophagus, the bronchi, and lymph nodes. |
| What does it mean - DCAP BTLS | deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures / penetrations, burns, tenderness, lacerations and swelling. |
| What is the cause of Respiratory distress? | Refers to breathing that becomes difficult or labored. |
| CARDIAC ARREST | THE ABSENCE OF A HEARTBEAT |
| CLINICAL DEATH | THE MOMENT WHEN BREATHING AND HEART ACTIONS STOP. |
| What are AGONAL RESPIRATIONS | AN ABNORMAL BREATHING PATTERN CHARACTERIZED BY SLOW SHALLOW GASPING BREATHS THAT TYPICALLY OCCUR FOLLOWING CARDIAC ARREST |
| HEAD TILT/CHIN LIFT MANEUVER | A TECHNIQUE USED TO OPEN THE AIRWAY OF PATIENT WITH NO SUSPECTED NECK OR SPINE INJURY |
| Musculoskeletal System | The primary structures of the Musculoskeletal System include the bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. |
| Endocrine System | Is made up of many hormone-producing glands and is responsible for the regulation of many of the processes within the human body. Some of the glands that make up the Endocrine System include the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, pancreas, and gonads. |
| PRESSURE REGULATOR | THE DEVICE USED TO LOWER THE DELIVERY PRESSURE OF OXYGEN FROM A CYLINDER |
| NASAL CANNULA | A DEVICE USED TO DELIVER LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN TO A BREATHING PATIENT |
| NON-REBREATHER MASK | A DEVICE USED TO DELIVER HIGH CONCERTRATIONS OF SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN |
| DEMAND VALVE DEVICE | DEVICE THAT DELIVERS OXYGEN THROUGH A SPECIALIZED REGULATOR, CAN DELIVER 100% OXYGEN ON DEMAND. |
| HYDROSTATIC TEST | THE PROCESS OF TESTING HIGH PRESSURE CYLINDERS |
| SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN | A SUPPLY OF 100% OXYGEN FOR USE WITH ILL OR INJURED PATIENTS |
| What is wheezing? | A whistling noise in the chest during breathing. Wheezing occurs when the airways are narrowed or compressed. |
| What is the CHAIN OF SURVIVAL | THE FIVE CRITICAL COMPONENTS (LINKS) THAT AFFECT THE LIKELIHOOD FOR SURVIVAL FROM A CARDIAC ARREST. THE LINKS ARE EARLY RECOGNITION AND ACCESS TO EMS EARLY CPR EARLY DEFIBRILLATION EARLY ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT AND INTEGRATED POST CARDIAC ARREST CARE |
| FIBRILLATION | A DISORGANIZED ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY WITHIN THE HEART THAT RENDERS THE HEART INCAPABLE OF PUMPING BLOOD |
| VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION | DISORGANIZED ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY CAUSING INEFFECTIVE CONTRACTIONS OF THE LOWER HEART CHAMBERS (VENTRICLES) |
| VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA | ABNORMALLY RAPID CONTRACTION OF THE HEARTS LOWER CHAMBERS RESULTING IN VERY POOR CIRCULATION. ALSO CALLED V-TACH. |
| BASIC LIFE SUPPORT | EXTERNALLY SUPPORTING THE CIRCULATION AND RESPIRATION OF A PATIENT IN RESPIRATORY OR CARDIAC ARREST THROUGH CPR |
| What is PERFUSION? | THE ADEQUATE DELIVERY OF WELL OXYGENATED BLOOD AND NUTRIENTS TO ALL PARTS OF THE BODY AND THE ELIMINATION OF WASTE PRODUCTS |
| LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS - LOC - AVPU | A - ALERT V - VERBAL P - PAIN U - UNRESPONSIVE |
| BLOOD PRESSURE ADULT | 120 SYSTOLIC - 80 DIASTOLIC |
| BLOOD PRESSURE ADOLESCENT 13 - 17 | 113 TO 131 SYSTOLIC - 64 TO 83 DIASTOLIC |
| BLOOD PRESSURE SCHOOL AGE 6 - 12 | 96 TO 115 SYSTOLIC - 57 TO 76 |
| CHILD 2 - 6 | 88 TO 106 SYSTOLIC - 42 TO 63 DIASTOLIC |
| JAUNDICE | A MEDICAL CONDITION THAT CAUSES YELLOWING OF THE SKIN AND WHITES OF THE EYES. TYPICALLY CAUSED BY LIVER FAILURE OR OBSTRUCTION OF THE BILE DUCT. |
| DIAPHORETIC | EXCESSIVELY SWEATY. COMMONLY CAUSED BY EXERTION OR SOME MEDICAL PROBLEM SUCH AS HEART ATTACK OR SHOCK |
| What does it mean - PERRL | P - PUPILS E - EQUAL R - ROUND R- REACTIVE L - LIGHT |
| confidentiality | refers to the treatment of information that an individual has disclosed in a relationship of trust and with the expectation that it will not be divulged to others |
| health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPAA) | a law that dictates the extent to which protected health informed can be shared |
| OSHA or National Fire Protective Association (NFPA) guidelines | Wear gloves, mask, and eye protection with any patient who is coughing, sneezing, spitting, or otherwise spraying bodily fluids. Finally, to dispose of blood-soaked equipment (including gloves). |
| National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) | A nonprofit organization that develops codes and standards for the prevention of fire, electrical, and related hazards. |
| MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION (MI) | ALSO KNOWN AS A HEART ATTACK |
| HEART FAILURE | A CONDITION THAT IS DEVELOPS WHEN THE HEART IS UNABLE TO PUMP BLOOD EFFICIENTLY, CAUSING A BACKUP OF BLOOD AND OTHER FLUIDS WITHIN THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM, ALSO MAY BE REFERRED TO AS CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE |
| THE MYOCARDIUM RECEIVES ITS BLOOD SUPPLY FROM: | CORONARY ARTERIES |
| WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT A COMMON CAUSE OF CARDIAC COMPROMISE | CARDIAC ARREST |
| WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS BEST DESCRIBES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A HEART ATTACK AND SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST: | HEART ATTACK IS A LEADING CAUSE OF SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST |
| YOU HAVE ARRIVED ON THE SCENE OF AN UNRESPONSIVE FEMALE WHOM YOU FIND TO BE PULSELESS AND APNEIC. YOU SHOULD: | BEGIN CHEST COMPRESSION'S |
| RESPIRATORY COMPROMISE | A GENERAL TERM REFERRING TO THE INABILITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL TO BREATH ADEQUATELY |
| CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) | A GENERAL TERM USED TO DESCRIBE A GROUP OF LUNG DISEASES THAT COMMONLY CAUSE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS AND SHORTNESS OF BREATH |
| What is a PULSE OXIMETRY? | THE PULSE OXIMETER IS A SIMPLE TOOL THAT CAN BE USED TO ASSESS HOW MUCH OXYGEN IS GETTING INTO THE PATIENT'S BLOOD |
| HYPOXIC | A lower-than-normal concentration of oxygen in arterial blood, as opposed to anoxia, a complete lack of blood oxygen. |
| HYPOVOLEMIA | Abnormal decrease in the volume of blood plasma. Hypovolemia occurs with dehydration or bleeding. |
| Hypoglycemia | Hypoglycemia, also known as low blood sugar, is a fall in blood sugar to levels below normal. This may result in a variety of symptoms including clumsiness, trouble talking, and confusion. |
| Hyperglycemia | An elevated level specifically of the sugar glucose in the blood. Hyperglycemia is often found in diabetes mellitus. |
| what are the different | atonic seizures (also known as drop attacks), clonic seizures, tonic seizures, myoclonic seizures. |
| What is the difference between Tonic vs Clonic seizures? | Tonic: the stiffening of the muscles during a generalized seizures. Most evident in the arms and legs Clonic: The violent jerking of the muscles during a generalized seizure. Most evident in a generalized seizure. |
| What is a Heat Emergency? | An overexposure to hot and humid environments can cause the body to retain too much heat, which can create an abnormally high body "core temp" known as hyperthermia |
| What is a Cold Emergency? | Can occur when the the body is exposed to a cold environment and is unable to generate heat faster than it sheds heat. |
| BLOOD SHOW | THE NORMAL DISCHARGE OF BLOOD TINGED FLUID PRIOR TO DELIVERY. CAUSED BY THE RUPTURE OF CAPILLARIES AS THE HEAD EXPANDS THE CERVIX AND BIRTH CANAL |
| What are birth complications? | Some birth complications could be the umbilical cord raping around the babies head which could lead to a miscarriage |
| What is Preeclampsia? | Occurs when a pregnant woman has high blood pressure, protein in her urine, and swelling in her legs, feet, and hands. It can range from mild to severe. It usually happens late in pregnancy, though it can come earlier or just after delivery. |
| What is the Pediatric Assessment Triangle? | Its a a very effective tool used to establish a general impression of a pediatric patient |
| What are the three elements of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle? | The three elements are: Appearance, Work of Breathing, and circulation |
| What are the nine components of the rules of nine? | Stop the burning process ASAP,Flush superficial burns with water, Remove burned clothes,Monitor the airways,Prevent further contamination,cover partial/full burns, clean/dress eyes if burned, For serious burns place pad between hand/feet,Provide O2 |
| What is the Start Triage System? | A system that uses respiration's, perfusion, and mental status assessments to categorize PT's into one of four four treatment categories; the letters stand for simple triage and rapid assessment |
| During Phase 1 of a typical emergency response call, you should be prepared with appropriate medical supplies such as: | suctioning equipment. |
| Remember when approaching an accident involving an electric or hybrid vehicle that: | you are in great danger of electrocution. |
| Your patient is an 18-month-old child who fell into a fire pit. Although his father pulled him out immediately, you estimate the child has burns on about 40% of his body. You should: | care for the burned area with dry, sterile dressings and arrange for immediate transport. |
| What is the most common cause for cardiac arrest in a child? | Respiratory arrest |
| Your patient is bleeding profusely from a wound to her wrist. There are no dressings immediately available. What should you do first? | Apply pressure with your gloved hand |
| A 56-year-old man has amputated his hand during a carpentry accident. Care for this patient should include: | wrapping the amputated hand in a sterile dressing, placing it in a plastic bag, and keeping it cool during transport. |
| Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of anaphylactic shock? | A serious allergic reaction causes the blood vessels to dilate uncontrollably, resulting in a loss of blood pressure. |
| Your patient is in the early stages of shock. You notice that her pulse rate is high. This is a normal reaction to shock called __________, and occurs because her body is releasing epinephrine to help maintain her blood pressure. | compensated shock |
| The __________ is made up of all the bones that form the upper and lower extremities, including the clavicles, scapulae, arms, wrists, hands, hips, legs, ankles and feet. | appendicular skeleton |
| Your patient presents with pain, deformity, swelling and crepitus to the left writs. This injury would best be described as: | closed injury. |
| The most common signs and symptoms of distal extremity injuries include: | pain, swelling, discoloration and deformity. |
| A patient is trapped in the back seat of a car. He is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing, but you cannot reach him to ensure and open airway in his current position. You suspect spinal injuries. You should: | remove him from the vehicle to manage his ABC's. |
| Your patient has a flail chest. What does the Emergency Medical Responder understand about stabilizing the flail segment? | Do not attempt to stabilize the flail segment. |
| __________ has many causes and can present with different signs and symptoms, such as tightness or pain in the chest, diaphoresis, or abnormal pulse. | Cardiac compromise |
| You have a patient who has complained of having difficulty breathing for the last several days. He tells you that it has gotten worse tonight. He states that he has been unable to sleep lying flat because it makes him short of breath. | congestive heart failure. |
| Respiratory compromise can result from: | traumatic injury. |
| Reflexive gasping breaths called agonal respirations may occur during __________ and should not be considered normal breathing. | cardiac arrest |
| You arrive to the scene of a narcotic overdose. Your patient is a 45-year-old male who is unresponsive with snoring respirations. You should: | open the airway with a head tilt-chin lift. |
| Your patient is blue and his lips appear blue. He can't tell you how he's feeling because he is not conscious. Recognizing the classic signs of hypoxia, you: | assist ventilations with a bag-mask device. |
| Pneumonia is caused by an infection causing an accumulation of pus in the lungs. This __________ and results in respiratory compromise. | prevents the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| Since your patient is responsive, you should pay attention to her __________, which may indicate whether her condition is getting worse. | facial expressions |
| Before you and your crew can evaluate a patient's altered mental status, you first need to determine __________. Family, friends, and caregivers can help describe this. | baseline mental status |
| In the OPQRST secondary assessment tool, the letter O stands for onset, which stands for: | What were you doing when the pain or symptoms began? |
| Your patient is a 2-year-old child who is having trouble breathing. To open his airway, you should: | move his head into a neutral (sniffing) position. |
| Your PT is a 35-year-old man who has been hit by a pickup truck while jogging on the side of a road. He is unresponsive. His left leg is twisted and the end of the femur is visible. The scene is secure. As you approach your PT, what is the 1st obj? | approach from the front, instruct the patient not to turn his head and take c-spine. |
| Your PT is a 21-year-old male who stated to his friend that he was feeling light-headed. On arrival you find your PT on the floor. He has a pulse but is not breathing. Your PT has vomited and has fluid in his mouth. how long should you suction for? | 10 seconds. |
| When administering oxygen to a patient via nasal cannula, the maximum LPM flow is: | 6 LPM |
| A patient who is not breathing should receive oxygen via: | bag-valve mask. |
| Your patient is not breathing. The best way for you to provide oxygen through a bag-valve mask is to have a: | partner. |
| When you place the mask on the elderly patient's face, you take care to create a proper seal. You also ensure that the reservoir __________ when the patient takes her deepest breath. | does not deflate by more than one third. |
| The most common cause of cardiac arrest in adults is: | myocardial infarction. |
| Your 5-year-old patient is in cardiac arrest. You suspect: | an underlying respiratory problem. |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation can save the patient's life between clinical death and biological death by: | circulating oxygenated blood to the brain. |
| Before you begin CPR, the patient must be: | supine on a firm surface. |
| Your patient is a 17-year-old boy who is unresponsive and his chest is not rising and falling. You send a bystander to call 911 and place the patient on his back. To administer CPR, the first thing you need to do next is: | check the carotid artery for a pulse. |
| When performing CPR on a patient, you must interrupt compressions as little as possible. What is the longest time that CPR can be interrupted? | 10 seconds |
| The body process in which an adequate supply of oxygen converts glucose into energy is called __________ | aerobic metabolism |
| The regular delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the cell is called __________? | perfusion |
| Ambient air contains what percentage of oxygen? | 21% |
| A patient with a rapid heart rate may have decreased cardiac output because __________? | the ventricles do not have enough time to refill with blood, so stroke volume decreases. |
| Children compensate for shock differently from adults. Which of the following signs may indicate shock in a pediatric patient? | Tachycardia |
| A 74-year-old woman feels weak and dizzy, had pale and sweaty skin, and has a fast and weak pulse. Based on this patient's signs and symptoms, you should assume she has a problem with which body system? | Cardiovascular |
| A 74-year-old woman feels weak and dizzy, had pale and sweaty skin, and has a fast and weak pulse. The fast and weak pulse of this patient causes you to suspect that her cardiac output has __________? | decreased. |
| To minimize the chance of injury, it it important to avoid __________ when you lift your patient. | twisting your body |
| Which of the following is a scenario in which you can use the standard move? | The patient is stable but in an uncomfortable position that is aggravating her injury. |
| Which type of stretcher is used in rescue situations to transport patients over rough terrain? | Basket stretcher |
| Your patient is unconscious and lying in her bed. You do not suspect spinal injury but want to be sure her airway stays open and clear. The best position in which to transport this patient is the __________ | recovery position. |
| You respond to the scene of a vehicle accident and find a female patient on the ground. She is bleeding from her head, talking incomprehensibly, and trying to fight off assistance. You should __________? | mechanically restrain the patient so that she cannot hurt herself or anyone else. |
| The patient is complaining of chest pains and has a history of angina and wants to be transported to the hospital. You and your partner will use a non-emergency move to get the patient from the third floor to the first floor because __________? | there is no immediate danger to the patient's life. |
| An individual's attitudes and beliefs or like and dislike for the sender or receiver can interfere with the message being communicated, creating a(n) __________ barrier to communication. | interpersonal |
| One of the surprising rule of effective communication is that you must __________ | accept the reality of miscommunication. |
| Which of the following will help you establish a good rapport with a patient during the interview process? | Obtain the patient's preferred name early, and use is frequently during your interview. |
| When talking to the dispatch center on your radio, the communication goes through a high-powered radio called the __________ that can transmit over a wide area. | base station radio |
| The written documentation of a patient encounter is called a(n) __________? | patient care report |
| You are asked to give testimony in court about the care you gave a patient. The attorney may ask you about items in your run report because the report __________? | is a legal document. |
| The narrative portion of the patient care report is where ou tell the story of the patient, the chief complaint, and the care provided up to the point of transfer. Because this section is in narrative format, it is important to __________? | be clear, concise and objective. |
| To document the details of the call, the patient, and the care provided, you will need to __________ | fill out a "run report". |
| It is very important to note the patient's vital signs as well as the administration of nalaxone in order to ensure __________? | continuity of care. |
| The Medical Director is a physician who assumes the ultimate responsibility for? | medical oversight of the patient care aspects of the EMS system |
| Which agency coordinates EMS on a national level and defines all levels of EMS providers? | NHTSA |
| The scope of practice for an EMS provider is defined by __________ statutes and regulations. | state or local |
| Unlawful physical contact with a patient is called __________ | battery. |
| You have a patient who has stopped breathing and has no signs of circulation. You notice a medical alert bracelet indicating the patient is a registered organ donor. This patient will be able to provide __________ consent. | implied |
| During your assessment, a patient tells you that she has a DNR order. What should you do? | Provide appropriate comfort and care within the bounds of the DNR. |
| He is distressed and tells you to go away, but doesn't seem to understand where he is or what has happened to him. His adult daughter tells you that the man has Alzheimer's and is on blood thinners. She begs you to help him. Can you assist the PT? | Yes. The patient is not competent to make rational decisions about his health care. |
| You have a critically injured patient who has been identified as an organ donor. How should this patient's treatment differ from that of other patients? | Emergency care for organ donors must not differ from that of non-organ donors. |
| Following a call, one of the neighbors stops and asks you what happened over at that house. You know you cannot speak with the neighbor concerning the patient's condition because it would breach_______? | patient confidentiality. |
| Working with a TB PT with a wet cough, you discover that despite wearing PPE, some of the PT's sputum has landed on your face. Wash the area thoroughly with soap and water, and document the exposure on the appropriate form. What do you also to do? | Schedule a follow-up medical evaluation. |
| You are called to the scene of an overturned tanker truck. At the scene, you notice a fluid draining from the underside of the truck. You use your binoculars to look at the placard on the back of the vehicle so that you can identify the material from your | Emergency Response Guidebook. |
| Which of the following medical terms is a root word meaning "of the brain"? | Encephal |
| You have a call for a 47-year-old patient with pain in the lower right side of her abdomen. Because of the location of her pain, you suspect her problem is her? | appendix. |
| The __________ nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord | central |
| Waste in the urinary system moves from the kidneys to the bladder by way of small structures called | ureters. |
| The term "medial" is defined as? | toward the midline of the body. |
| The patient indicates considerable pain over the upper outer portion of the left side of his abdomen. You describe this pain as being in the __________ of the patient's body. | LUQ |
| Pain to the abdomen in the upper left outer side of the abdomen is of concern because the __________ could be injured and cause considerable internal bleeding. | spleen |
| This patient's back pain makes you suspicious of injury to the kidneys. The kidneys are contained | behind the abdominal cavity. |
| When assessing the patient's injured leg, you find a small cut on the inside of the leg, just below the knee. This injury can be described as being __________ and __________ to the knee, | distal / medial |
Created by:
mmfleischer