proportion of one allele, compared with all the alleles for that trait, in the gene pool.

process by which one species evolves and gives rise to many descendant species that occupy different ecological niches.

process in which two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other.

evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species, resulting from adaptations to similar environmental conditions.

elimination of a species from Earth.

change in allele frequencies due to chance alone, occurring most commonly in small populations.

physical movement of alleles from one population to another.

collection of alleles found in all of the individuals of a population.

directional selection

pathway of natural selection in which one uncommon phenotype is selected over a more common phenotype.

genetic drift that results from an event that drastically reduces the size of a population.

evolution of one or more closely related species into different species; resulting from adaptations to different environmental conditions.

genetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area.

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

condition in which a population’s allele frequencies for a given trait do not change from generation to generation.

pathway of natural selection in which two opposite, but equally uncommon, phenotypes are selected over the most common phenotype.

distribution in a population in which allele frequency is highest near the mean range value and decreases progressively toward each extreme end.

punctuated equilibrium

theory that states that speciation occurs suddenly and rapidly followed by long periods of little evolutionary change.

reproductive isolation

final stage in speciation, in which members of isolated populations are either no longer able to mate or no longer able to produce viable offspring.

selection in which certain traits enhance mating success; traits are, therefore, passed on to offspring.

stabilizing selection

pathway of natural selection in which intermediate phenotypes are selected over phenotypes at both extremes.

evolution of two or more species from one ancestral species.

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Chapter 11 Terms

Question	Answer
allele frequency	proportion of one allele, compared with all the alleles for that trait, in the gene pool.
adaptative radiation	process by which one species evolves and gives rise to many descendant species that occupy different ecological niches.
coevolution	process in which two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other.
convergent evolution	evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species, resulting from adaptations to similar environmental conditions.
extinction	elimination of a species from Earth.
genetic drift	change in allele frequencies due to chance alone, occurring most commonly in small populations.
gene flow	physical movement of alleles from one population to another.
gene pool	collection of alleles found in all of the individuals of a population.
directional selection	pathway of natural selection in which one uncommon phenotype is selected over a more common phenotype.
bottleneck effect	genetic drift that results from an event that drastically reduces the size of a population.
divergent evolution	evolution of one or more closely related species into different species; resulting from adaptations to different environmental conditions.
founder effect	genetic drift that occurs after a small number of individuals colonize a new area.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium	condition in which a population’s allele frequencies for a given trait do not change from generation to generation.
disruptive selection	pathway of natural selection in which two opposite, but equally uncommon, phenotypes are selected over the most common phenotype.
normal distribution	distribution in a population in which allele frequency is highest near the mean range value and decreases progressively toward each extreme end.
punctuated equilibrium	theory that states that speciation occurs suddenly and rapidly followed by long periods of little evolutionary change.
reproductive isolation	final stage in speciation, in which members of isolated populations are either no longer able to mate or no longer able to produce viable offspring.
sexual selection	selection in which certain traits enhance mating success; traits are, therefore, passed on to offspring.
stabilizing selection	pathway of natural selection in which intermediate phenotypes are selected over phenotypes at both extremes.
speciation	evolution of two or more species from one ancestral species.

Created by: hennessyk23

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