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Thermoregulation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is thermoregulation? | Factors that regulate body temperature. The process of maintaining the core body temperature at nearly a constant value |
| What is considered a normothermic temperature? | 36.5C-37.2C 97.6F-99.6F |
| What is considered a hyperthermic temperature? | >37.2C >99.7F |
| What is considered a hypothermic temperature? | 30C-34C Below 97.2F |
| What is the temperature range for hyperpyrexia? | Above a 41.5C or 106.7 F |
| What is the definition for febrile? | Describes a person with a fever |
| What is the definition of heat stroke? | When prolonged exposure to high environmental temps overwhelms the body's heat loss mechanisms |
| What is the definition of heat exhaustion? | When extreme or prolonged exposure to high environmental heat leads to profuse sweating and consequent water and electrolyte loss |
| What is the normal physiological process of thermoregulation? | Heat production/conservation, heat loss, temp control |
| In what person is basal metabolic rate (BMR) higher in? | Higher in the younger, lower in the older |
| In what ways can the body lose heat? | Radiation, conduction, convection, vasodilation, evaporation, reduced muscle activity, increased respirations |
| What part of the body regulates core body temperature? | Hypothalmus (the body's thermostat) |
| How does radiation contribute to heat loss? | It is heat lost through infrared rays from one object to another without physical contact (Examples: sun heating earth) |
| How does conduction contribute to heat loss? | Direct contact of 1 surface to another. Warmer surfaces lose heat to colder surfaces. (Example: heat loss through sleeping on cold ground) |
| How does convection contribute to heat loss? | Process of losing heat through water or air (example: using fan to cool off skin or wearing wet clothes=accelerates heat loss) |
| How is evaporation involved in heat loss? | Converting water to gas (example: we perspire moisture is lose in the air) |
| How do we lose heat through vasodilation? | Causes larger amount of blood to come up to surfaces of tissue |
| How does reduced muscle activity contribute to heat loss? | Lack on muscle contraction= less heat production |
| How does increased respiratory contribute to heat loss? | Cool air is inhaled, and is exchanged for warm air which is exhaled |
| What are factors that impact thermoregulation? | Age, diurnal variations (time of day), exercise, hormones, stress, environment |
| How much percent of body heat is lost through an infant's head? | 30%, so infant must wear hat to conserve heat. Baby produce adequate heat but cannot conserve adequate amount of heat |
| Are axillary temperatures accurate in infants? True of false? | True |
| Are axillary temps accurate in adults? True or False? | False |
| What factors can alter an oral temperature reading in a person? | Eating, drinking, smoking,using oxygen |
| Why is a rectal temperature not a preferred site to use? | Patient embarrassment/anxiety, requires lubrication, may injury rectal lining |
| Is a tympanic temperature a core temperature (ear)? True or false? | True |
| Which core temperature site is preferred, rectal or tympanic? | Tympanic because it is less invasive |
| If someone has a fever/hyperthermia, it is okay to give cool sponge baths, cooling blankets, and ice packs? True or false? | False, they can increase shivering which is counterproductive, and increase temperature |
| Are mild to moderate fevers beneficial to patients? | Yes, it is part of the inflammatory response, and means our immune system is working properly |
| How do you treat someone with hypothermia? | Warm head coverings, warm blankets, warm IV fluids, if patient is conscious have them drink warm soup or beverage |
| What are clinical manifestations of hypothermia? | Cool pale skin, cyanosis, slow cap refill, rigid muscles, dysrhythmias, confusion, coma |
| What are clincal manifestations of hyperthermia? | Flushed skin, warm/hot to touch, diaphoretic, dry skin mucosa, seizures, confusion, coma |
| What is therapeutic hypothermia used for? | Often performed during procedures such as surgery/emergencies to reduce oxygen demand and reduce body's metabolic demand |
| What medications can be administered for fever reduction? | Ibuprofen or acetaminophen |
Created by:
Jenrivas00