click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Physics C10:Conserva
Physics Chapter 10: Conservation of Energy Coach Leach
Term | Definition |
---|---|
conservation law | One of many similar principles that state that a given dimensional quantity is conserved (remains constant) throughout a process, even if it changes forms |
terminal velocity | The velocity of a falling object at which air resistance and its weight balance; the limiting velocity at which an object can fall through a fluid |
central force | A force that always acts along the line connecting the centers of two objects; a conservative force |
escape speed | The minimum initial radial speed that an object must possess in order to permanently escape the gravitational field of a planet |
machine | A device that changes the magnitude or direction of a force, or both |
ideal mechanical advantage | The factor that indicates the reduction in effort when doing work using a simple machine; can be computed by various ratios such as effort distance to resistance distance, or effort arm to resistance arm |
actual mechanical advantage | A method for indicating the mechanical advantage of a simple machine that accounts for all mechanical losses sustained through using the machine |
inclined plane | A plane surface that connects two different heights relative to a reference height; a simple machine that is incorporated into wedges, screws, and ramps |
screw | A fastener consisting of a cylindrical shaft on which a thin, helically wrapped wedge is attached; The screw is a member of the inclined-plane family of simple machines. |
pitch | The distance between two adjacent threads on a screw |
lever | A device that can pivot about a fulcrum, transmitting a force applied at one location to move a load at another |
first class lever | A lever-type simple machine having the fulcrum between the load force and the effort force |
second class lever | A lever-type simple machine having the load force between the fulcrum and the effort force |
third class lever | A lever-type simple machine having the effort force applied between the fulcrum and the load |
block and tackle system | An arrangement of fixed and movable pulleys connected by strings, ropes, or cables that provides a mechanical advantage for exerting a force |
efficiency | The ratio of useful work output to work input for a machine; Other methods of measuring effi ciency involve the ratio of the effective output to input of the relevant parameter. |