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Bio 2 Exam 3: Fungi

Bio 2 Exam 3

TermDefinition
Fungi 1. heterotrophs that absorbs nutrients and most are decomposers 2. composed of hyphae 3. have cell walls within chitin 4. some have a dikaryon stage 5.undergo mitosis differently than plant and animal mitosis; nuclear envelop does not break down and
External digestion secretes digestive enzymes into the surroundings and then absorbs the nutrients
Decomposers break down organic molecules into inorganic molecules for the environment to use
Chitin a tough resistant polysaccharide found in cell walls
Hyphae cell bodies that are long and slender filaments
Mycellium a mass of connected hyphae
Septa cross walls that may separate some hyphae but rarely produce a complete barrier
Coenocytic hyphae cells that lack septa and consist of a continuous cytoplasmic mass having hundreds and thousands of nuclei
Haustorisa specialized hyphae that extract nutrients or exchange nutrients with host plant
Plasmogamy the cytoplasm of two mating types fuse together
Dikaryon Stage the nuclei don't fuse right away
Heterokaryotic nuclei are genetically different
Homokaryotic nuclei are genetically similar
Karyogamy two haploid nuclei fuse to form a diploid nucleus
Budding small portion of the parent cell forms a new cell
Binary Fission one cell dividing into two
Opisthokonts clade that includes animals, fungi, and related protist that all evolved from a unicellular flagellated ancestor
Mycorrhizal associations forms branching structure that helps with nutrient exchange in plants and plant provides carbohydrates fro the fungus
Ascomycetes 1. economically important 2. some cause serious plant and animal pathogens 3. sexual reproduction occurs in ascus 4. asexual reproduction occurs in conidiophores 5. yeast important in genetics field
Basidiomycetes 1. most familiar fungi 2. sexual reproduction occurs in basidia & secondary mycelium are heterokaryotic 3. many used for food, but many can be hallucingenic or deadly
Symbiosis organisms closely interact
Obligatory Symbiosis essential for survival
Facultative symbiosis can survive without the relationship
Mutualism both benefit
Commensalism one benefits and the other does not benefit nor is harmed
Parasitism one benefits and the other is harmed
Pathogen causes a disease
Created by: bmsheffield
 

 



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