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Chemolithotrophs
Chemolithotropic Bacteria and Actinomycetes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemolithotroph | An organism that obtains its energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds |
| Nitrifying bacteria | reduced inorganic nitrogen compounds can be used as energy sources for growth: Ammonia, nitrite. |
| Colorless sulfur bacteria | reduced inorganic sulfur compounds can be oxidized and utilized as energy sources. |
| Nitrobacter winogradskyi | Gram negative, rod or pear shaped cells,NO2 to NO3 cells reproduce by budding, cytomembranes occur in the form of a polar cap of flattened vesicles in the peripheral region, aerobic, LPS has a different lipid A, generation time 8-14 hrs |
| Nitrospina gracilis | NO2 to NO3,Long rod shaped cells, no extensive membrane system, cells reproduce by binary fission, Gram negative, non motile, aerobic, optimal growth requires 70-100% seawater, cells occur in the marine environment, no growth occurs in distilled water |
| Nitrococcus mobilis | NO2 to NO3, Gram negative, spherical cells, with internal membranes randomly arranged throughout the cytoplasm, reproduce by binary fission, motile, aerobic, isolated from the marine environment |
| Nitrospira marina | NO2 to NO3, Gram negative helical to vibroid shaped cells, no internal membranes, reproduce by binary fission, aerobic, isolated from marine environments, cells contain glycogen deposits, isolated in seawater medium, opt temp 20-30 C, pH 7.6-8.0 |
| Nitrosomonas europaea | NH3 to NO2,Gram negative straight rods, with intracytoplasmic membranes arranged as flattened vesicles, temp range 5-30C, pH 5.8-8.5, occurs in soil, oceans, sewage systems |
| Nitrosopira briensis | NH3 to NO2,Gram negative, cells are spirals, tightly coiled, no membranes, divide by binary fission, aerobic, occur in freshwater environments |
| Nitrosococcus nitrosus | NH3 to NO2,Gram negative, spherical cells, intracytoplasmic membranes arranged centrally or randomly, divide by binary fission, motile, aerobic, opt temp 25-30C, pH 7.5-8.0, occur in soil, oceans, sewage |
| Nitrosolobus multiformis | NH3 to NO2, Gram negative, lobular cells, with membranes partially compartmentalizing the cell, divide by constriction, aerobic, glycogen inclusions |
| Thiobacillus | Gram negative rods obtain energy from the oxidation of S compounds,Sulfate is the end product of their metabolism, all species fix carbon by the Calvin cycle, can grow autotrophic, pH opt 2-8, temp 25-43 C, distribution in marine, freshwater, soil |
| Sulfolobus acidocaldarius | cells are coccoid, irregular and lobed, extreme thermoacidophiles, non motile, opt pH 2.0, opt temp >50 C, oxidize S0, S-2, S406 to H2S04 under anaerobic conditions |
| Actinomycetes | Gram positive organisms that grow slowly as branching filaments. In some genera filaments segment during growth and yield pleomorphic cells that can be acid fast |
| Nocardia | Gram positive to Gram variable, partially acid fast, aerobic, isolated from the soil, rudimentary to extensively branched vegetative hyphae growing on the surface often fragmenting into rod-shaped, non motile elements |
| Nocardiosis | Is an acute or chronic primary pulmonary infection. It may spread from the subcutaneous tissues and other organ systems especially the brain and meninges, to cause multiple abscesses. |
| Nocardia asteroides | A pathogenic member of this genera, an acute or chronic pulmonary infection that is able to spread to other organs in the body, brain and meninges, looks like TB on X ray, simulates bacterial pneumonia. With brain involvement X ray may mimic brain tumor |
| pulmonary form of Nocardiosis | inhalation of dust, weight loss, fever, night sweats, brain most susceptible for the next lesion. |
| subcutaneous abscesses of Nocardiosis | , skin infections, “mycetomas”, bacteria spread destroying soft tissue and bone. |
| Frankia | Vegetative hyphae with limited extensive branching, no aerial mycelium found, sporangiospores non motile, terminal vesicles sites for nitrogen fixation, induces nodule formation in 180 varieties of plants |
| Streptomyces | Soil microbe, vegetative hyphae branched mycelium, spores, aerobic, Gram +, widely distributed in the soil, “soil” odor, geosmins, metabolites produced. Make many antibiotics, streptomycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, neomycin, novobiocin |
Created by:
rburt