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Exam 2 Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is anxiety? | Feelings of apprehension or dread from imminent or perceived danger of unknown origin |
| What is the MOA for sedatives? | Potentiates GABA |
| What happens when hypnotics are given in a low dose? High dose? | Low dose: sedation High dose: hypnosis/sleep |
| What is the MOA of benzodiazepines? | Binds to GABA-receptor chloride channel |
| What are the therapeutic effects of benzodiazepines such as alprazolam of lorazepam? | Suppression of neuronal Fx, inhibition of brain activity, & impulse transmission |
| What are indications for benzodiazepines? | Seizures, insomnia, status epilepticus (seizure that lasts more than 5 minutes or more than 1 seizure occur without recovery period) |
| What is the MOA of barbiturates? | Binds to GABA receptor |
| What is the name recognition of barbiturates and given an example for each? | "Barbital"- phenobarbital "Tal"- nembutal |
| Which drug is a Cyt P450 enzyme inducer? What does this do? | Barbiturates. Accelerates metabolism. |
| What is the MOA of non-benzodiazpines? | |
| What is a seizure? | Uncontrolled, uncoordinated, disorganized motor movements with/without loss of consciousness. Sudden, transient disruption |
| True or false? Seizures are classified as a disease? | False. Seizures are clinical manifestations of a disease rather than a disease itself |
| What can cause a seizure? | Result from a brain injury secondary to trauma, infection, hypoxia, or any disorder that alters cerebral environment |
| How is a seizure initiated? | By synchronous, high-frequency discharge from a group of hyoerexcitable neurons which spreads to other areas causing normal neurons to fire abnormally |
| What is epilepsy? | Chronic, recurrent pattern of seizures often accompanied with loss of consciousness |
| What does tonic mean? What does clinic mean? | Tonic: muscle contractions Clonic: alternating contractions & relaxation |
| What is a focal seizure? What is a generalized seizure? | Focal seizure: Occurs in local or specific area of brain Generalized seeizure: Occurs throughout the brain |
| True or false. Is a patient aware/conscious during a simple seizure? What about a complex seizure? | Simple:true-patient awake & aware Complex: false-patient not aware |
| What are clinical manifestations of seizure activity? | Muscle contractions of extremities, loss of consciousness, repetitive eye movement, repetitive blinking, repetitive lip-smacking |
| Why is oxygen an important component in seizure activity? | Oxygen consumption is very high in a continued seizure. This can lead to a progressive brain injury & irreversible damage |
| What is status epilepticus? | This is a medical emergency. A continuous seizure >5 min rapidly recurring without regaining consciousness from last seizure. Can also be seizure lasting >30 mins |
| What is the therapeutic range for Phenytoin (Dilantin)? | 10-20 mcg/mL |
| What is the therapeutic level for Carbamazepine (Tegretol)? | 5-12 mcg/mL |
| What is the therapeutic level for Ethosuximide (Zarontin)? | |
| 40-100 mcg/mL | |
| What are manifestations of depression? | Depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in usual previously enjoyed activities. Affects functional ability to do ADL's |
| What are manifestations of mania? | Elevated, expansive, irritable mood. Markedly impaired functioning, excessive frenzied motor activities, may have hallucinations & delusions |
Created by:
Jenrivas00