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Anatomy Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If your reference point is "farthest from the trunk of the body" vs "nearest to the trunk of the body" where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle? Distal Proximal Superficial Superior | Proximal |
| The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts | transverse |
| a saggital section divides the body into | right and left portions |
| the mediastinum contains all of the following except trachea venae cavae right lung esophagus | right lung |
| when many similar cells specialize to preform a certain function it is referred to as an | tissue |
| from smallest to largest the levels of organization are | chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism |
| a frontal section divides the body into | front and back protions |
| the lungs are located in the | thoracic cavity |
| which of the following is one of the characteristics of life digestion balance conductivity circulation reproduction | balance |
| two major cavities of the human body are ventral/dorsal inferior/superior visceral/parietal axial/appendicular | ventral and dorsal |
| the type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a ____ reaction reversible exchange synthesis decomposition | synthesis |
| the approximate pH of gastric fluid is | 2 |
| the study of metabolism includes catabolism anabolism ATP requirements all of the above | all of the above |
| Acids: are proton donors taste sour release hydrogen ions in aqueous solution all of the above are true of acids | all of the above are true of acids |
| an example of a catabolic process is hydrolysis dehydration synthesis formation of peptide bond both b and c | hydrolysis |
| a negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is orbital proton neutron electron | electron |
| which of the following represent a trace element in the body sulfur chlorine iron phosphorus | iron |
| the atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? two three four five | four |
| an isotope of an element contains different numbers of ___ from other atoms of the same element. electrons protons neutrons both protons and neutrons | neutrons |
| the inner membrane of what double-membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae golgi apparatus mitochondrion endoplasmic reticulum ribosome | mitochondrion |
| projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called | cilia |
| tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called mitochondria caveolae cristernae vesicles | caveolae |
| the cell extension that contains microfilaments is called microvilli flagella cilia | microvilli |
| the structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the lysosome golgi apparatus ribosome centiole | lysosome |
| which cell fiber serves as part of our "cellular muscles" centrosome microfilament microtuble intermediate filament | microfilament |
| granules or threads within the nucleus are called microfilaments chromatin nucleotides microtubules | chromatin |
| which of the following is not a function of the integral membrane proteins acting as receptors signal trasduction identification of "self" all of the above are functions | all of the above |
| a list of cell fibers from largest to smallest | microtubles, intermediate filaments, microfilaments |
| which of the following is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum provides a site for ribosome attachment supplies a membrane for use throughout the cell makes steroid hormones makes glycoproteins | provides a site for ribosome attachment |
| of the many different kinds of protein compounds in the body, which is the most abundant elastin collagen reticular adipose | collagen |
| adipsoe tissue is a storage tissue a muscle tissue held together by cartilage an epithelial tissue | a storage tissue |
| all glands in the body can be classified as either exocrine or holocrine endocrine or holocrine exocrine or endocrine endocrine or apocrine | exocrine or endocrine |
| the basic determinant of skin color is keratin mucus melanin tyrosine | melanin |
| the most abundant and widespread tissue in the body is | connective |
| which of the following contains oteocytes striated muscle smooth muscle bone blood | bone |
| which of the following contains intercalated disks smooth muscle striated muscle cardiac muscle blood | cardiac muscle |
| the conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the connector dendrite axon neuron | neuron |
| the ___ junction "glues" the epidermis and the dermis together and provides mechanical support for the epidermis gap dermoepidermal desmosome integument | dermoepidermal |
| cells in a tissue are surrounded by or embedded in a complex extracellular material called a membrane matrix cytoplasm lymph | matrix |
| why are the last two pairs of false ribs designated as floating ribs they are not attached to the vertebrae floating ribs do not attach even indirectly to the sternum floating ribs are only attached indirectly to the sternum | floating ribs do not attach even indirectly to the sternum |
| which bone serves as the keystone in the architecture of the cranium ethmoid sphenoid parietal maxilla | sphenoid |
| which of the following is not in the appendicular skeleton vertebrae tarsals femur clavical | vertebrae |
| which of the following is not a bone in the skull clavicle parietal sphenoid ethmoid | clavicle |
| which two bones join to form the posterior part of the hard palate maxillae ethmoid and sphenoid vomer and nasal palatine | palatine |
| the largest sesamoid bone in the body is the hyoid bone tibia patella parietal | patella |
| anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist carpals tarsals metacarpals metatarsals | carpals |
| which of the following is not a bone in the leg mandible femur fibula tibia | mandible |
| which lower leg bone is smaller and is located laterally tibia fibula femur patella | fibula |
| which of the following bones from the framework of the hand metacarpals carpals metatarsals tarsals | metacarpals |
| Moving from superficial to deep the connective tissue components would be epimysium, perimysium, endomysium endomysium, perimysium, epimysium perimysium, epimysium, endomysium | epimysium, perimysium, endomysium |
| T/F there are more than 600 muscles in the body | true |
| skeletal muscles constitute approximately ____ of our body weight 10% 25% 50% 75% | 50% |
| which of the following is not a group of pennate muscles bipennate tripennate multipennate all of the following | tripennate |
| which of the following muscles does not move the upper arm pectoralis major latissimus dorsi deltoid trapezius | trapezius |
| the teres major and teres minor muscles move the forearm arm shoulder wrist | arm |
| the sternocleidomastoid muscle is an example of a muscle named for its function number of attachments size points of attachment | points of attachment |
| in pushing (pressing) a weight from shoulder height to above the head, which of the following muscles is least utilized? tricep brachii bicep brachii deltoid | triceps brachii |
| the muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the extensor digtorum opponens pollicis pamaris longus flexor carpi radialis | opponens pollicis |
| Which statement about the muscles of the head is correct they are paired muscles they different actions depending on whether one or both pairs contract the splenius capitis muscle is sometimes called the prayer muscle because it causes the head to bow | the splenius capitis muscle is sometimes called the prayer muscle because it causes the head to bow |
| which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve endoneurium perineurium epineurium fasicle | endoneurium |
| the largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the astrocytes microglia ependymal cells oligodendrocytes | astrocytes |
| the part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the somatic nervous system autonomic nervous system central nervous system afferent division | somatic nervous system |
| the efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ___ nervous systems peripheral and afferent sympathetic and parasympathetic sympathetic and efferent parasymathetic and somatic | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood brain barrier water carbon dioxide glucose dopamine | dopamine |
| neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for all of the following except there is no neurolemma in cells of the CNS astrocytes fill in the path of regrowth microglia lay down scar tissue | microglia lay down scar tissue |
| a neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a ____ neuron multipolar bipolar unipolar multidendritic | multipolar |
| the white matter of the nervous system is made up of myelinated fibers nuclei unmyelinated fibers ganglia | myelinated fibers |
| multipolar neurons have multiple axons and multiple dendrites multiple axons and one dendrite multiple dendrites and one axon one dendrite and one axon | multiple dendrites and one axon |
| gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of | cell bodies |
| conduction to autonomic effectors requires only one efferent neuron | false |
| which of the following is not a plexus of the spinal nerves cervical brachial lumbar thoracic | thoracic |
| all of the following cranial nerves have a functional classification of motor except oculomotor trochlear vestivulocochlear accessory | vesibulocochlear |
| the innermost layer of the meninges is the pia mater arachnoid membrane dura mater none of the above | pia mater |
| the main divisions of the central nervous system are the | brain and spinal cord |
| which of the following might occur from the stimulation of parasympathetic fibers goose pimples dilation of blood vessels to skeletal muscles increased blood sugar increased peristalsis in the digestive tract | increased peristalsis in the digestive tract |
| the brain has ___ major divisions three five six eight | six |
| the sensory cranial nerves include only the optic, vestivulocochlear, and vagus olfactory, optic, and facial olfactory, optic and vestivulocochlear optic, facial and vesibulocochlear | olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear |
| the areas specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebral hemisphere in 10% of population 50% of population 90% of population all people | 90% of population |
| the cranial nerve that arises from the spinal cord is the abducens accessory glossopharyngeal vagus | accessory |
| gustatory cells are located in all of the following areas except on the posterior wall of the pharynx on the fungiform papillae of the anterior tongue on the apical surface of vallate papillae on the tongue on the inner surface of cheeks | on the apical surface of the vallate papillae on the tongue |
| region of the adrenal cortex that secretes DHEA zona fasiculata zona glomerulosa zona reticularis tuber cinerum chrommafin cells | zona reticularis |
| receptors for hearing are located in the semicircular canals chochlear duct tympanic membrane middle ear | cochlear duct |
| Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells basilar membrane tectorial membrane scala vestibule scala tympani | tectorial membrane |
| pyramid shaped gland consisting of neural crest derived cells and endocrine secretory cells thyroid gland thymus gland pancreas adrenal gland | adrenal gland |
| endolymph id made from perilymph in the scala vestibuli in the stri vascularis from the dura mater | in the stria vascularis |
| which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx pineal anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland adrenal medulla thyroid and parathyroid | thyroid and parathyroid |
| region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm infundibulum pars tuberalis adenohypophysis tuber cinerum neurohypophysis | adenohypophysis |
| which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extacellularly to last several months thyroid pancreas ovary pituitary | thyroid |
| the basilar membrane supports the spiral lamina spiral ganglion spiral organ modiolus | spiral organ |
| the difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure is called korotkoff sounds minute volume pulse pressure pressure gradient | pulse pressure |
| all of the following are granulocytes except neutrophils eosinophils lymphocytes basophils | lymphocytes |
| the free edges of the atrioventricular valves are anchored to the ventricles atria papillary muscles pericardia | papillary muscles |
| the type of membranous tissue that lines the heart and blood vessels is the endocardium endothelium serous pericardium fibrous pericardium | endothelium |
| the internal iliac artery supplies blood to the pelvis leg and foot head and upper extremities fingers | pelvis |
| patelets play an important role in fighting infection carrying oxygen blood clotting carrying carbon dioxide | blood clotting |
| artria are often called_____ because they receive blood from vessels called veins pumping chambers venous chambers deoxygenated chambers receiving chambers | receiving chambers |
| In______ blood moves from veins to other veins or arteries to other arteries without passing through an intervening capillary network vascular anastomoses coronary arteries venous sinuses venous valves | vascular anastomoses |
| during fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that i bypasses the fetal lungs ductus venosus ductus arteriosus foramen ovalale placena | foramen ovale |
| from which vessesls do myocardial cells receive blood coronary veins pulmonary arteries venae cavae coronary arteries | coronary arteries |
| which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium tunica adventitia tunica media tunica intima tunica albuginea | tunica intima |
| each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a germ center trabecula lymph node germinal center | germinal center |
| the ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles is called pinocytosis exocytosis apedesis phagocytosis | phagocytosis |
| the movement of phagocytes from blood vessels to an inflammation site is called phagocytosis pavementing diapediesis apediesis | diapedesis |
| which antibody is synthesized by immature B cells and then inserted into their plasma membranes immunoglobulin M immunoglobulin G immunoglobulin A immunoglobulin E | immunoglobulin M |
| antibodies are proteins of the family called glucoproteins immunoglobulins globulins antigens | immunoglobulins |
| the body's defense mechanisms can be organized into one of two major categories of immune mechanisms species resistance and specific immunity mechanical and chemical barriers innate and adaptive immunity nonspecific and inflammatory immunity | innate and adaptive immunity |
| which of these substances operate immune mechanisms sebum mucus enzymes hydrochloric acid gastric mucosa all of the above | all of the above |
| ____ refers to a phenomenon in which the genetic characteristics common to a particular kind of organism provide defense against certain pathogens inflammatory response antigen resistance immunity resistance species resistance | species resistance |
| gas exchange, the lungs main and vital function, takes place in the bronchioles secondary bronchi primary bronchi alveoli | alvioli |
| which of the following is true of the cribiform plate it sparates the nasal and cranial cavities it forms the lateral aspects of the nose it separates the internal nose from the mouth it forms a midline separation in the nasal cavity | it separates the nasal and cranial cavities |
| the smallest branches of the bronchiole tree primary bronchi secondary bronchi tertiary bronchi bronchioles | bronchioles |
| the largest of the paranasal sinuses is the maxillary frontal ethmoid sphenoid | maxillary |
| which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx their origin is the hyoid bone they move the larynx as a whole they serve in voice production both A and B | they serve in voice production |
| which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system assists with homeostasis of body pH distributes oxygen to cells filters air warms air | distributes oxygen to cells |
| the upper respiratory tract includes all of the following structures except larynx trachea oropharynx nasopharynx | trachea |
| which of the following is not true when the diaphragm relaxes it returns to a dome like shape when the diaphragm contracts it pulls the floor of the thoracic cavity down raising the ribs decreases the depth and width of the thorax | raising the ribs decreases the depth and width of the thorax |
| the respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of ___ epithelium stratified columnar pseudostratified columnar simple squamous simple columnar | pseudostratified colunar |
| the numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that support taste buds are called cilia rugae villi papillae | papillae |
| the fan shaped projection of the peritoneum that connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the visceral perioneum greater omentum lesser omentum mesentery | mesentery |
| the type of tissue designed for absorption and secretion found throughout the GI tract is ____ epithelium simple columnar stratified squamous simple squamous pseudostratified | simple columnar |
| the extrinsic tongue muscles differ from the intrinsic tongue muscles in that the ___ extinsic muscles have both their insertion and orgin extrinsic muscles insert into the tongue but have their orgin intrinsic muscles have their insertion and orgin | extrinsic muscles insert into the tongue but have their orgin |
| bile is secreted by parietal cells crypts of lieberkuhn kupffer cells hepatic cells | hepatic cells |
| a baium enema study is used to detect and locate polyps tumors diverticula all of the above | all of the above |
| the portion of the nephron that empties into a calyx is the distal tubule nephron loop collecting tubule proximal tubule | collecting tubule |
| which of these statements is not true the kidney is usually located next to the vertebrate fro T12 to L3 the kidney is retroperitoneal the kidney is protected by a heavy layer of fat all of the above are true | all of the above are true |
| in the kidney blood flows from the interlobular artery into the glomerulus efferent arteriole afferent arteriole peritubular capillaries | afferent arteriole |
| the normal osmotic pressure of the capsular filtrate is ____ mm Hg 60 32 18 0 | 0 |
| which of the following is not a normal function of the kidneys synthesize prostaglandins regulate blood sugar produce hormones regulate blood electrolytes | regulate blood sugar |
| substances travel from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule by process of diffusion active transport filtration osmosis | filtration |
| which hormone tends to increase the amount of urine produced ANH Aldosterone ADH both b and c | ANH |
| the greater vesibular glands are also called ____ bartholin cowper skene huntington | bartholin |
| the tube connecting the ovaries to the uterus is called the uterine tubes oviducts fallopian tubes all of the above | all of the above |
| each of the following is a duct in the male reproductive system except vas deferens urethra epididymis inguinal canal | inguinal canal |
| the efferent ductules surround and protect each testi are part of the tunica albuginea drain the rete testis do all of the above | do all of the above |
| the tightly coiled tube of the epididymis measures ___ feet in length 5 10 15 20 | 20 |
| in the male reproductive system, the essential organs of reproduction are seminal vesicles testes vasa deferentia cowper glands | testes |
| to be capable of fertilizing an ovum, sperm must undergo a process called epiphyseal closure ejaculation capacitation gonadotropin secretion | capacitation |
| the dense white fibrous capsule that encases each testi is called the rete testis efferent ductule tunica albuginea scrotom | tunica albuginea |
| which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebrae cervical thoracid lumbar both b and c | cervical |
| the peripheral nervous system includes only the spinal nerves only the spinal nerves and their branches only cranial nerves, spinal nerves and their branches cranial nerves, the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and their branches | only cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and their branches |
| the lumbar plexus gives rise to the ___ nerve median phrenic femoral none of these | phrenic |
| sensory neurons can operate in autonomic reflex arcs T/F | true |
| which is not true about sympathetic postganglionic neurons they are ususally longer than preganglionic neurons they produce acetylcholine they produce norepinephrine they have acetylcholine receptors on their dendrites | they produce acetylcholine |
| which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for movements of the tongue olfactory trigeminal trochlear hypoglossal | hypoglassal |
| which of the following areas has the highest concentration of cones the ora serrata retinae the optic disc the macula lutea the fovea cetralis | the fovea centralis |
| transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers choroid ciliary body sclera cornea lens | cornea |
| which statement does not describe the spiral organ of corti the hairs of the receptor cells are embedded in the tectorial membrane the tectorial membrane bends with vibration, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed | the tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, wheras the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed |
| fluid filling posterior segment of the eye serous fluid endolymph synovial fluid aqueous humor vitreous humor | vitreous humor |
| which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of the thyroid hormone calcium iron copper iodine | iodine |
| the normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises the AV node AV bundle purkinje fibers SA node | SA node |
| which types of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta muscular arteries elastic arteries metarterioles resistance arteries | elastic arteries |
| which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium tunica adventitia tunica media tunica intima tunica albuginea | tunica intima |
| the ____ drains much of the superficial leg and foot inferior vena cava popliteal vein great saphenous vein internal iliac vein | great saphenous vein |
| _____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood spectrin hematocrit hematopoiesis hemocytometer | hematocrit |
| which of the following is not a formed element found in the blood red blood cell white blood cel plasma platelet | plasma |
| molecules formed by the reactions of the complement cascade assemble themselves on the enemy cell's surface cytolysis crenation apoptosis hemolysis | cytolysis |
| lymphatics in the villi of the small intestine are called lymph nodes cortical nodules lacteals lymphatic ducts | lacteals |
| pyrogen molecules trigger the fever response by promoting the production of leukotrienes protaglandins antibodies cyokines | prostaglandins |
| recognition of antigens by antibodies occurs when an antibody attaches to the target cells antigen binding site antigen epitopes fit into and bind to an antigen molecule's antigen binding site | antigens epitopes fit into and bind to an antigen molecules antigen binding site. |
| the anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone is called the nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx sphenopharynx | oropharynx |
| which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane vestibule posterior nares trachea primary bronchi | vestibule |
| the function of the surfactant is to transport oxygen from the air to the blood prevent each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out with respiration transport carbon dioxide from the blood to the air | prevent each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out with respiration |
| the proper anatomical order for the division of the colon descending, transverse, sigmoid, and ascending ascending, transverse, sigmoid, and descending ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid | ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid |
| the portion of the nephron tubule that is essentially always impermeable to water is the proximal tubule distal tubule collecting tubule ascending nephron tubule | ascending nephron tubule |
| in the kidney, blood flows from the interlobular artery into the glomerulus efferent ateriole afferent arteriole peritubular capillaries | afferent arteriole |
| which of the following ions is not normally secreted into the distal or collecting tubules postassium hydrogen ammonium sodium | sodium |
| which of the following is the approximate threshold level for the reabsorption of glucose 100mg/100ml 300mg/100ml 200mg/100ml 250mg/100ml | 300mg/100ml |
| which hormone tends to decrease the amount of urine produced ANH Aldosterone ADH both b and c | both b and c |
| the greater vesibular glands are also called the ____ glands bartholin cowper skene huntington | bartholin |
| mechanical support and protection for developing germ cells int he testis are provided by tunica albuginea sertoli cells interstitial cels rete testes | sertoli cells |
| the urethra orifice is ____ to the vagina posterior anterior medial lateral | anterior |
| atomic mass is determined by the number of protons and electrons neurtrons and electrons neutrons, protons, and electrons protons and neutrons | protons and neutrons |
| an example of a catabolic process is hydrolysis dehydration synthesis formation of a peptide bond both b and c | hydrolysis |
| the atomic number of carbon is 6 how many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell two three four five | four |
| an isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element electrons protons neutrons protons and neutrons | neutrons |
| carbon has an atomic number of 6 the number of electrons found in the first shell is two four six eight | two |
| when atoms combine they may gain lose or share electrons protons neurtons nuclei | electrons |
| the enzyme catalase is an important chemical in the functioning of the mitochondria prosteasomes peroxisomes lysosomes | peroxisomes |
| which is considered a nonmembranous organelle golgi apparatus ribosome mitochondria both a and b | ribosome |
| ATP production occurs within which organelle rough endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus flagellum mitochondrion | mitochondrion |
| the ____ is often called the microtubule organizing center centrosome cytoskeleton centriole ribsosome | centrosome |
| the barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the receptor proteins glycoporteins rafts in the cell membrane phospholipid bilayer | phospholipid bilayer |
| which of the following is not a principal type of tissue cardiac epithelial nervous connective muscle | cardiac |
| a lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called mucus matrix plasma collagen | mucus |
| each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called the smooth muscle layer microvilli arrector pili muscle dermal papillae | arrector pili muscle |
| which of the following is an example of a serous membrane pleura peritoneum pericardium all are examples | all are examples |
| the connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones and joints are called ___ membranes mucous cutaneous serous synovial | synovial |
| the bone that articulates with the temporal bone in the only moveable joint in the skull is the maxilla zygomatic mandible lacrimal | mandible |
| which of the following is a facial bone zygomatic occipital parietal all of the above | zygomatic |
| bone marrow is a specialized type of soft diffuse connective tissue called myeloid tissue hyaline cartilage elastic cartilage fibrocartilage | myeloid tissue |
| ____ fibers are present in all three types of cartilage, but they are most numberous in fibrocartilage collagenous microtubules perichondrium elastin | collagenous |
| which is not a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle trapezius pectoralis minor lavator scapulae rhomboideus | pectoralis minor |
| muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover are called synergists fixators anatagonists both a and b | both a and b |
| the pectoralis major is an example of ____ muscle convergent parallel fusiform pennate | convergent |
| the latissimus dorsi muscle is an example of ___ muscle bipennate convergent spiral fusiform | spiral |
| the prime mover can also be called antagonist agonist fixator synergist | agonist |
| which of the following is not a muscle that moves the thigh adductor longus graciis iliospsoas sacrospinalis | sacrospinalis |
| the covering of individual muscle fibers is the epimysium endomysium periosteum perimysium | endomysium |
| which is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve endoneurium perineurium epineurium fascicle | endoneurium |
| the afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system stimulate the fight or flight response maintain norma resting activity carry feedback information to the integrating centers in the brain | carry feedback information to the integrating centers int he brain |
| in the human nervous system most of the cells are neurons most of the cells are glia cells there are equal amounts of neurons and glia cells the ratio is unknown | most of the cells are glia cells |
| nerves that contain mostlly afferent fibers are called sensory motor mixed schwann | sensory |
| the nervous system can be divided according to its structure according to the dirrection of information flow by control effectors in all the above ways | in all the above ways |
| which of the following might occur from the stimulation of parasympathetic fibers goose pimples dilation of blood vessels to skeletal muscles increased blood sugar increased peristalsis in the digestive tract | increased peristalsis in the digestive tract |
| the kind of element is determined by the number of protons neutrons mesotrons electrons | protons |
| AB+CD......AD+CB is an example of a ___ reaction synthesis exchange decomposition reversible | exchange |
| in the presence of a base red litmus paper will stay red turn blue turn green turn yellow | turn blue |
| A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25 and a +2 charge. this atom would contain ___ protons, ____ neutrons and ___ electrons 12;25;2 12;13;14 12;13;10 | 12;13;10 |
| in the cell membrane the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule faces the exterior cell faces the interior cell is the center of the phospholipid bilayer both a and b | both a and b |
| which cell extension lacks a central pair of microtubules, is not found in blood cells, and functions in the kidney to monitor urine flow microvilli primary cilium cilia flagella | primary cilium |
| main cell structures include all of the following except organelles plasma membrane interstitial fluid cytoplasm | interstitial fluid |
| the inner membrane of what double membrane structure is contorted into folds called cristae golgie apparatus micochondrion endoplasmic reticulum ribosome | mitochondrion |
| the identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the cholesterol molecules phospholipid molecules glycoprotein molecules channel proteins | glycoprotein molecules |
| the barrier function of the plasma membrane is accomplished by the receptor proteins glycoproteins rafts in the cell membrane phospholipid bilayer | phospholipid bilayer |
| granules or threads within the nucleus are called microfilaments chromatin nucleotides microtubules | chromatin |
| the cell extension that contains microfilaments is called microvilli flagella cilia | microvilli |
| which of the following is not a primary germ layer endoderm ectoderm mesoderm epiderm | epiderm |
| besides water, extracellular matrix contains proteins and lipids lipids and carbohydrates carbohydrates and proteoglycans proteins and proteoglycans | proteins and proteoglycans |
| the dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick ___ layer reticular epidermal muscle connective tissue | reticular |
| the union of basal and fibrorticular laminae forms the epithelial membrane serous membrane interstitial membrane basement membrane | basement membrane |
| the strongest and most durable type of cartilage is hyaline fibrocartilage elastic chondrocytes | fibrocartilage |
| the extracellular components of bone matrix are soft and calcified soft and deacalcified hard and calcified hard and decalcified | hard and calcified |
| the dense white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the epiphysis articular cartilage periosteum diaphysis | periosteum |
| cartilage is classified as ___ tissue epithelial muscle nerve connective | connective |
| which of the following is not a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle trapezius pectoralis minor levator scapulae rhomboideus | pectoralis minor |
| the muscle that raises or lowers the shoulders or shrugs them is the deltoid latissimus dorsi trapezius pectoralis minor | trapezius |
| the flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the anterior lateral surface of the forearm anterior medial surface of the forearm posterior surface of the forearm | anterior medial surface of the forearm |
| the most common type of lever in the body is a ___ class lever first second third fourth | third |
| a muscle is attached to the femur and tibia. Its function or action is to bend the knee. When it contracts, it is acting as the antagonist prime mover fixator synergist | prime mover |
| the muscle that flexes the semipronated or semisupinated forearm is the bicep brachii brachialis brachioradialis triceps brachii | brachioradialis |
| small regions of gray matter in the CNS are nuclei tracts ganglia axons | nuclei |
| regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have nodes of ranvier a neurilemma a myelin sheath neurofibrils | a neurilemma |
| interneurons reside in the CNS and PNS CNS only PNS only | CNS only |
| visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic fibers T/F | true |
| some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the nuclei in the brain stem T/F | false |
| the cervical plexus is found deep in the neck is formed by the ventral rami of the first four cervical nerves and part of C5 includes the phrenic nerve all of the above | all of the above |
| the phrenic nerve is found in the ___ plexus cervical brachial lumbar sacral | cervical |
| the lumbar plexus gives rise to the ___ nerve median phrenic femoral | femoral |
| effectors that have single innervation by the autonomic nervous system are innervated only by the parasympathetic division T/F | false |
| the autonomic nervous system includes only efferent neurons T/F | false |
| melanin-containing layer of the eye's vascular tunic cornea lens choroid ciliary body sclera | choroid |
| largest purely endocrine gland in the body hypophysis adrenal gland thymus gland thyroid gland pancreas | thyroid gland |
| hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children calcitonin thyroxine oxytocin parathyroid hormone catecholamines | calcitonin |
| which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex hypothalamic appetite centers vagus nerve solitary nucleus of the medulla oblongata thalamic nuclei | hypothalamic appetite centers |
| class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function androgens gonadotrophins mineralocorticoids amino acid-based hormones glucocorticoids | glucocorticoids |
| after the blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the right atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle | left atrium |
| mechanical devices that permit the flow of blood in one direction only ventricles atria valves vessels | valves |
| during their residence in the thymus, pre T cells develop into ___, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body cytotoxic T cells thymoctyes antigen-presenting cells memory T cells | thymocytes |
| the structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called choanae paranasal sinuses conchae vibrissae | conchae |
| which of the following is not a function of the pharynx aids in forming vowel sounds provides pathway for food determines quality of the voice provides pathway for air | determines quality of the voice |
| olfactory epithelium is found lining the nasopharynx covering the superior turbinate lining the paranasal sinuses in all of the above | covering the superior turbinate |
| paranasal sinuses are normally filled with bone marrow a serous fluid mucus air | air |
| the walls of the GI tract are composed of ___ layers of tissue two three four five | four |
| phagocytic cells lining liver sinusoids are called _____ cells chief alpha kupffer hepatic | kupffer |
| the flap of tissue suspended from the midpoint of the posterior border of the soft palate is fauces frenulum uvula gingiva | uvula |
| urnie formation involves all of the following except filtration catabolism reabsorption secretion | catabolism |
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