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ch 14 heart
heart and heart disease
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the thick muscular layer of the heart wall? | myocardium |
| what is the outermost layer of the heart wall that is also a part of the pericardium? | epicardium |
| in which layer of the heart wall are intercalated disks found? | myocardium |
| why is the heart considered a double pump? | right and left side |
| what are the two lower chambers of the heart called? | ventricles |
| what valve is located at the exit of the right ventricle? | pulmonary valve |
| which chamber of the heart has thick, muscular walls capable of generating the largest force? | left ventricle |
| what partition separates the two atria? | interatrial septum |
| what is another name for the right atrioventrical valve? | tricuspid valve |
| what are the two semilunar valves? | pulmonary and aortic valve |
| the aortic valve prevents blood from re-entering which chamber? | left ventricle |
| to which layer of the heart wall does coronary circulation provide blood supply? | myocardium |
| what are the first branches off the aorta? | right and left coronary arteries |
| what is the coronary sinus? | a dialated vein that opens into the right atrium near the inferior vena cava that collects blood that is drained from the coronary arteries |
| what is the active phase of the cardiac cycle? | systole |
| during systole are the AV valves open or closed? | closed |
| what is cardiac output the product of? | stroke volume and heart rate |
| what is stroke volume? | the volume of blood ejected from the ventricle with each beat |
| what do chordae tendineae attach the valve flaps to? | papillary muscle |
| what is the normal pacemaker of the heart that sets the heart rate? | SA node |
| what is the order in which impulses travel through the heart? | SA node, to AV node to bundle of His to purkinje fibers |
| through what pathways can impulses travel directly from the SA node to the AV node? | internodal pathways |
| what effect does parasypmathetic stimulation have on the heart rate? | decrease |
| what effect does sympathetic nervous system have on the heart rate? | increase |
| what is bradycardia? | slow heart rate (less than 60 bpm) |
| what is tachycardia? | fast heart rate (more thatn 100bpm) |
| when does the "lubb" heart sound occur? | at the start of ventricular ststole |
| what causes the "dupp"heart sound? | sudden closure of the semilunar vlaves |
| what is a murmur? | abnormal heart sound |
| what is the simplest piece of equipment needed to detect a murmur? | stethoscope |
| what is endocarditis? | inflammation of the lining of the heart |
| what is pericarditis? | inflammation of the serous membrane on the heart surface as well as the lining of the pericardial sac |
| what causes atrial septal defect? | failure of the foreman ovale to close |
| what is the ductus arteriosus? | a small blood vessel in the fetus that connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta so that some blood headed toward the lungs goes to aorta |
| what is corarctation? | a localized narrowing of the aortic arch |
| what is the medical term for a heart attack? | myocardial infarction |
| what is the are a of tissue damaged in a heart attack called? | infarct |
| what is angina pectoris? | chest pain |
| list the risk factors for heart disease that cannot be modified? | age,gender,heredity, body type |
| list the risk factors for heart disease that can be modified? | smoking, physical inactivity,overweight,high bp,diabetes,gout |
| what is the function of the electrocardiograph? | record of electrical changes in the heart |
| what happens in cardiac catheterization? | a catheter is passed through the veins in groin and into the heart for blood supplies |
| what effect does digitalis have on heart muscle contractions? | slows and strengthens heart muscle contractions |
| what is the function of beta-adrenergic blocking agents? | control sympathetic stimulation of the heart. reduce the rate and strength of heart contractions reducing hearts oxygen demand |
| if the SA node fails to generate a normal heartbeat,what can be inserted? | artificial pacemaker |
| what is the purpose of angioplasty? | to open restricted arteries in the heart and other areas of the body |
| what is a stent? | a small tube that can be inserted in a vessel to keep it open and prevent repeated blockage |
Created by:
morganne