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Bio #3 Practice Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The heart sounds are due to the | valves closing. |
| E.Z. Goen is admitted to the cardiac unit with a diagnosis of endocarditis. When E.Z. asks the nurse where the infection is located, the nurse replies that the infection is in | the inner lining of the heart |
| Which of the following is NOT a function of the heart? | providing a location for gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| Which of the following is NOT a function of the heart? | maintains the acidity level of the blood |
| The epicardium is another name for the | visceral layer of the serous pericardium |
| The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the | myocardium. |
| The right atrium receives blood from | the body and the heart |
| Which vessels transport blood to the right and left lungs? | pulmonary arteries |
| How is the heart muscle nourished? | by the coronary arteries |
| Which of the following is NOT a major opening into the right atrium? | pulmonary vein |
| Why does the left ventricle have a thicker myocardial wall? | It has to pump blood to the body. |
| The epicardium | covers the surface of the heart |
| Which chamber pumps the blood to the body through the systemic circuit? | left ventricle |
| Which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart? | Pulmonary veins |
| The arteries and veins that leave and enter the heart are called the great vessels because | they have relatively large diameters |
| The cell-to-cell contacts of the cardiac muscle fibers are called | intercalated discs. |
| Which structure marks the end of the left ventricle and the entrance to the aorta? | Aortic semilunar valve |
| The AV valve that is located on the same side of the heart as the origin of the aorta is the | bicuspid or mitral valve |
| In the cardiac cycle, | the two atria relax while the two ventricles contract |
| The cardiac cycle is | all the events involved with a single heart beat |
| The chordae tendineae | connect the flaps of the AV valves to the papillary muscles. |
| Which of the cardiovascular system’s circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries? | pulmonary circuit |
| The valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk is the | pulmonary semilunar valve. |
| a: There is a unidirectional blood flow. b: Arteries always carry oxygenated blood. c: Veins always carry deoxygenated blood. d: Arteries carry blood away from the heart. e: Veins carry blood toward the heart. | a, d, e |
| The left atrium and left ventricle are part of which circuit of the cardiovascular system? | Systemic circuit |
| The right side of the heart receives blood from the body and pumps through _________ circulation to the lungs. | pulmonary |
| How many half-moon shaped, pocketlike cusps are found in each semilunar valve? | 3 |
| Which circuit of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidneys, stomach, and pelvic regions? | Systemic circuit |
| The inferior chambers of the heart are the | ventricles |
| Contraction of the ventricles is referred to as ventricular | systole |
| Which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the ventricles relax? | Aortic semilunar valve |
| Which of the following is NOT true about the heart? | The apex of the heart is directed superiorly and to the left. |
| Which analogy fits the human heart? | It is like a double pump, each working side by side with the other |
| What vessel exits the left ventricle? | aorta |
| hich vessels empty blood into the left atrium? | pulmonary veins |
| The serous fluid within the pericardial cavity works to | lubricate the membranes of the serous pericardium |
| In the cardiac cycle, | he two atria relax while the two ventricles contract. |
| The heart valves | permit the passage of blood in one direction. |
| Which heart chambers pump deoxygenated blood? | Right atrium and right ventricle |
| What is the function of the heart valves? | to prevent the backflow of blood |
| The volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute is called | cardiac output |
| the P wave of an ECG indicates | atrial depolarization |
| End-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume is equal to | stroke volume |
| The volume of blood pumped during each cardiac cycle is the | stroke volume. |
| In a normal electrocardiogram, the | QRS complex results from ventricular depolarization. |
| Congestive heart failure (CHF) of the right ventricle | can cause systemic edema. |
| If cardiac muscle cells are unable to repolarize, this would cause | the heart rate to decrease. It might cause cardiac arrest. |
| The product of the stroke volume times the heart rate is known as the | cardiac output. |
| Regurgitation of blood flow through the aortic semilunar valve would give rise to | a heart murmur. |
| End-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume is equal to | stroke volume. |
| True or false; Most ventricular filling occurs before the atria contract. | true |
| Which of the following statements regarding the cardiac cycle is TRUE? | The AV valves are open during mid-to-late diastole |
| The product of the stroke volume times the heart rate is known as the | cardiac output. |
| During the ejection phase of the cardiac cycle, blood exits the left ventricle through the | aorta |
| contraction of the ventricles is referred to as ventricular | systole. |
| Which occurs during isovolumetric ventricular contraction? | No blood enters or leaves the ventricles. |
| what occurs during the time between the first heart sound and the second heart sound? | ventricular systole |
| Blood does not enter or leave the ventricles during the period called | isovolumetric contraction. |
| In the cardiac cycle, | all four chambers of the heart are in diastole at the same time. |
| The first and second heart sounds are most directly related to | vibrations that occur when the valves close. |
| In the cardiac cycle | the two atria relax while the two ventricles contract. |
| What causes the opening and closing of the heart valves? | a pressure difference on the two sides of the valve |
| which of the following statements about the cardiac cycle is true? | Closure of the atrioventricular valves occurs at the onset of ventricular systole. |
| During the cardiac cycle: | the duration of diastole is greater than that of systole |
| Which best defines the cardiac output? | the product of the heart rate and the volume ejected from the ventricle during a cardiac cycle |
| Why is body temperature sometimes reduced during heart surgery? | to decrease heart rate |
| Which is TRUE about the function of the aortic valve? | It prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole |
| The chamber of the heart that endures the highest pressure is the | left ventricle. |
| When left atrial pressure exceeds left ventricular pressure, | he bicuspid (mitral) valve opens. |
| Pressure in the right ventricle must exceed pressure in the ____ before the right ventricle can eject blood. | pulmonary trunk |
| During the isovolumetric contraction period of the cardiac cycle, | AV and semilunar valves are closed. |
| he period of isovolumetric contraction is immediately followed by | the period of ejection. |
| n a normal electrocardiogram, the | QRS complex results from ventricular depolarization. |
| he spontaneous opening of sodium channels marks the beginning of ____ of a myocardial cell. | depolarization |
| Calcium channel blockers are frequently used to | treat tachycardia or other arrhythmias. |
| The long refractory period observed in cardiac muscle | prevents tetanic contractions of the cardiac muscle. |
| The period of time in which the myocardium is insensitive to further stimulation is called the | absolute refractory period. |
| The plateau phase seen during the action potential of a cardiac muscle cell is due to the | continuing to have open calcium channels. |
| Which of the following is mismatched? | closing of calcium channels - plateau phase |
| when comparing cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells, | action potentials are conducted from cell to cell only in cardiac muscle. |
| If cardiac muscle cells are unable to repolarize, this would cause | the heart rate to decrease. It might cause cardiac arrest. |
| Depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell occurs as the result of | the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels and voltage-gated calcium channels. |
| According to the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart, | Stroke volume increases with increased venous return |
| The relationship between preload and stroke volume is known as | Starling Law of the heart. |
| Within normal limits, an increase in preload leads to | an increase in cardiac output and force of left ventricular contraction. |
| The volume of blood pumped during each cardiac cycle is the | stroke volume |
| ____________ increase(s) stroke volume. | Increased venous return |
| The volume of blood ejected by each ventricle in one minute is called | the cardiac output. |
| Afterload is | the arterial pressure that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood. |
| congestive heart failure (CHF) of the right ventricle | can cause systemic edema. |
| The Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart describes | The relationship between end-diastolic volume and stroke volume and the relationship between length and tension in cardiac muscle |
| Which of the following would occur as a result of increased renin release by the kidneys? | an increase in blood volume |
| As viscosity of the blood increases | the pressure required to force it to flow increases |
| here is the vasomotor center located? | pons and medulla oblongata |
| If someone has a blood pressure reading of 110/70 mm Hg, their pulse pressure would be | 40 mm Hg |
| Which of the following statements about laminar blood flow is true? | The outermost layer of blood experiences the greatest resistance to flow |
| Which of the following is NOT a vasodilator substance produced in the extracellular fluid? | ATP |
| When there is a drop in blood pressure, the body reacts immediately by way of the | baroreceptor mechanism. |
| Blood pressure is the | measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel walls. |
| A blood pressure reading of 120/80 would | indicate a systolic pressure of 120 mm Hg. |
| Resistance in the cardiovascular system | tends to increase if blood viscosity increases. |
| Which of the following hormones does NOT influence blood pressure? | growth hormone |
| Epinephrine | causes vasodilation of coronary blood vessels. |
| Which of the following chemical substances, when released into the blood, would cause blood pressure to decrease? | atrial natriuretic hormone |
| The velocity of blood flow inside a blood vessel | is faster in the center of the blood vessel. |
| Which of the following would increase resistance to blood flow? | a decrease in the radius of the vessel |
| The auscultatory method of measuring blood pressure | relies on hearing Korotkoff sounds through a stethoscope. |
| Angiotensin II | causes vasoconstriction. |
| When blood pressure increases, a number of events occur that return blood pressure to normal. Which of the following is one of the events that occurs after an increase in blood pressure? | Baroreceptors are stimulated. |
| As cardiac muscle is stretched, it contracts less forcibly. | false |
| Which of the following does not contribute to increased stroke volume during exercise? | Increased length of filling time during diastole |
| ccording to the Frank-Starling Law of the heart, as contraction strength increases the stroke volume | increases. |
| Preload is the amount of blood in the ventricles right before they begin to contract. | False |
| Stroke volume is affected by all of the following EXCEPT | emotional stress. |
| The Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart describes | The relationship between end-diastolic volume and stroke volume and the relationship between length and tension in cardiac muscle |
| In response to increased ventricular filling | myocardial cells stretch. |
| According to the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart, | Stroke volume increases with increased venous return |
| The cardiac control center of the _______ coordinates the autonomic innervation of the heart. | medulla oblongata |
| Which of the following statements is true concerning the depolarization of a cell in the SA node? | The pacemaker potential is slower in achieving threshold when acetylcholine is applied to the SA cells |
| With regard to the regulation of heart rate, | stimulation of sympathetic nerves to the heart causes an increase in heart rate |
| The myocardium acts as a single, functioning unit called a/an | functional syncytium. |
| The action potential of cardiac pacemaker cells is caused by | inward diffusion of Ca2+. |
| the action potential of myocardial cells is due to the | inward diffusion of Na+. |
| The _________________ conducts impulses from the AV node to branches which lead to the Purkinje fibers. | AV bundle |
| The pacemaker potential is a result of | Na+ inflow. |
| Cells of the sinoatrial node ____________ during the pacemaker potential. | depolarize slow and repolarize fast |
| When a pacemaker potential in the SA node reaches threshold, | many voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open. |
| If the SA node is nonfunctional, which of the following is most likely to occur? | Another portion of the heart will become the pacemaker. |
| Which of the following would result from a reduced function of the sodium channels in the SA node? | depolarization would be delayed |
| Cardiac output would be increased by | positive chronotropic agents. |
| Cardiac output is the | Product of the number of heartbeats per minute and the volume pumped per beat |
| With regard to the regulation of heart rate, | stimulation of parasympathetic nerves to the heart causes a slowing of heart rate |
| The ejection fraction is | normally about 60% at rest. |
| Cardiac output is equal to | stroke volume x cardiac rate |
| Norepinephrine is released from __________ nerves, causing heart rate to ______, which _______ Cardiac output. | sympathetic, increase, increase |
| Which of the following is a positive inotrope? | both Na+ and K+ |
| Calculate heart rate, given the following: CO = 7200 ml and SV = 90 mL. | 80 beats |
| Predict what would happen to heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO) with increased sympathetic input. | Increased HR, increased SV, and increased CO |
| Which of the following are the receptors that send signals to the brain to help regulate cardiac output? | Temperature receptors Baroreceptors Chemoreceptors Proprioceptors |
Created by:
alexs13