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allopatric speciation
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biological species concept
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AP Bio - Chapter 24

Origin of Species

QuestionAnswer
allopatric speciation the formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another
biological species concept a species is a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring
ecological species concept a definition of how species in terms of ecological niche, the sum of how members of the species interact with the nonliving and living parts of their environment
hybrid offspring that results from the mating of individuals from two different species
hybrid zone a geographic region in which members of different species meet and mate, producing at least some offspring of mixed ancestry
macroevolution evolutionary change above the species level, including things such as major changes in anatomy and the effect of mass extinctions
microevolution evolutionary change below the species level; change in the allele frequencies in a population over generations
morphological species concept a definition of species in terms of measurable anatomical criteria
phylogenetic species concept a definition of species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor, forming one branch on the tree of life
polyploidy a chromosomal alteration in which an organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. It is a result of an accident of cell division.
postzygotic barrier a reproductive barrier that prevents hybrid zygotes produced by two different species from developing into viable, fertile adults
prezygotic barrier a reproductive barrier that impedes mating between species or hinders fertilization if interspecific mating is attempted
punctuated equilibrium in the fossil record, long periods of apparent stasis, in which a species undergoes little or no morphological change, interrupted by brief periods of sudden change
reinforcement a process in which natural selection strengthens prezygotic barriers to reproduction, thus reducing the chances of hybrid formation
reproductive isolation the existence of biological factors (barriers) that impede members of two species from producing viable, fertile offspring
speciation an evolutionary process in which one species splits into two or more species
species a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring
sympatric speciation the formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area
Created by: mrariail
 

 



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