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AP Bio - Chapter 24
Origin of Species
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| allopatric speciation | the formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another |
| biological species concept | a species is a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring |
| ecological species concept | a definition of how species in terms of ecological niche, the sum of how members of the species interact with the nonliving and living parts of their environment |
| hybrid | offspring that results from the mating of individuals from two different species |
| hybrid zone | a geographic region in which members of different species meet and mate, producing at least some offspring of mixed ancestry |
| macroevolution | evolutionary change above the species level, including things such as major changes in anatomy and the effect of mass extinctions |
| microevolution | evolutionary change below the species level; change in the allele frequencies in a population over generations |
| morphological species concept | a definition of species in terms of measurable anatomical criteria |
| phylogenetic species concept | a definition of species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor, forming one branch on the tree of life |
| polyploidy | a chromosomal alteration in which an organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. It is a result of an accident of cell division. |
| postzygotic barrier | a reproductive barrier that prevents hybrid zygotes produced by two different species from developing into viable, fertile adults |
| prezygotic barrier | a reproductive barrier that impedes mating between species or hinders fertilization if interspecific mating is attempted |
| punctuated equilibrium | in the fossil record, long periods of apparent stasis, in which a species undergoes little or no morphological change, interrupted by brief periods of sudden change |
| reinforcement | a process in which natural selection strengthens prezygotic barriers to reproduction, thus reducing the chances of hybrid formation |
| reproductive isolation | the existence of biological factors (barriers) that impede members of two species from producing viable, fertile offspring |
| speciation | an evolutionary process in which one species splits into two or more species |
| species | a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring |
| sympatric speciation | the formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area |
Created by:
mrariail