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Biology- Quiz #7
Question | Answer |
---|---|
In science, an observation that has been repeatedly confirmed and for all practical purposes is accepted as "true." | Fact. |
A well-tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results. | Scientific theory. |
A rule that describes a pattern in nature. | Scientific law. |
A characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. | Adaptation. |
Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. | Fitness. |
A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits. | Natural selection. |
Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms. | Evolution. |
A form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates. | Sexual selection. |
Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms. | Artificial selection. |
All the genes, including all the different alleles for each gene, that are present in a population at any one time. | Gene pool. |
A characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. | Adaptation. |
Change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information. | Mutation. |
Differences in physical traits of an individual from the group to which it belongs. | Variation. |
Environmental conditions that select for certain characteristics of individuals and select against other characteristics. | Selective pressure. |
A behavior in which a predator attacks only individuals with certain characteristics in a population of potential prey. | Selective predation. |
An inherited physical characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment. | Structural adaptation. |
A physical or chemical event that occurs within the body of an organism and enables survival. | Physiological adaptation. |
An inherited behavior that helps an organism survive. | Behavioral adaptation. |
Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments. | Convergent evolution. |
A branching diagram that organizes relationships between species. | Cladogram. |
A species that has multiple descendants in a lineage. | Common Ancestor. |
A hypothesis of evolutionary relationships among species. | Phylogeny. |
A group of organisms that includes all the descendants of a common ancestor and that ancestor. | Clade. |
A trait that evolved in the lineage that doesn't belong to the species before it. | Derived Character. |
A trait that two or more lineages have in common. | Shared Derived Character. |
Based on new traits developing over time and being passed on to descendants. | Cladogram. |
The branch of science concerned with classification of organisms. | Taxonomy. |
Domain characterized by cells containing organelles and a nuclear membrane. | Eukaryote. |
Bacteria would be an example of a _________. | Prokaryote. |
The largest and most inclusive taxa. | Domain. |