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Chapter 13 Biology
Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Malaria is caused by protozoans in the genus | Plasmodium |
| The term protists is used to refer to | Protozoans and chromists |
| Most protozoans are | heterotrophic |
| Some protozoans can form reproductive cells with thick, protective cell walls. These cells are known as | spores |
| Which of the following are not chromists? paramecia, water molds, diatoms, foraminiferans | paramecia |
| Which of the following is true of chromists in comparison with protozoans? | Chromists are less likely to have cilia or flagella |
| In order for an algal bloom to occur, which of the following is necessary? warm water, sufficient oxygen and nutrients, sunlight, all of these | all of these |
| Fungal cell walls are made of | chitin |
| What role do fungi play in the environment? | decomposers and pathogens |
| T/F: Generally speaking, protozoans are autotrophs, while chromists are heterotrophs. | false |
| T/F: The protozoan shown on the right will move using its cilia. | false |
| T/F: Many protozoa such as paramecia can reproduce asexually through binary fission. | true |
| T/F: Kingdom Chromista includes all the photosynthetic protists except algae | false |
| T/F: Because they are generally autotrophs, most chromists lack the specialized structures found in protozoans. | true |
| T/F: Unlike protozoans, chromists can reproduce only asexually. | false |
| T/F: Because protists are relatively simple organisms, their classification has remained largely unchanged since their discovery. | false |
| includes familiar mushrooms and toadstools along with shelf fungi | Basidiomycota |
| includes bread molds | Zygomycota |
| known as sac fungi | Ascomycota |
| includes the mold Penicillium, from which an antibiotic is made | Ascomycota |
| produces fruiting bodies that may have stipes, caps, and gills | Basidiomycota |
| hyphae fuse to form a zygosporangium | Zygomycota |
| To maintain homeostasis, protozoans expel excess water using a(n) | contractile vacuole |
| Some protozoans form reproductive ______ that are protected by a thick cell wall. | spores |
| Sexual reproduction in sporozoans happens during __________ , in which genetic information is exchanged through a plasma bridge. | conjugation |
| Algae, diatoms, and other chromists that drih in currents are collectively referred to as _________ , an important part of aquatic food webs. | phytoplankton |
| The most visible and recognizable part of a fungus is its reproductive structure called a(n) _____ | fruiting body |
| a microorganism made of eukaryotic cells | protist |
| individual organisms of the same species living closely together | colony |
| an animal-like organism in the kingdom Protozoa | protozoan |
| a short, hair-like extension of a cell used either for movement or as a sensory organelle | cilium |
| a temporary extension of a cell membrane used by some protozoans to either move about or to engulf food particles | pseudopodium |
| a light-sensitive area of pigmentation found in some protozoans and invertebrates | eyespot |
| a dormant stage for some bacteria, protists, and a few invertebrates that allows and organism to survive within a protective coating during times of unfavorable environmental conditions | cyst |
| a type of reproductive cell protected by a hard covering | spore |
| a plant-like organism in the kingdom Chromista, such as an alga | chromist |
| a general term used for many autotrophic organisms, including members of the kingdom Chromista | alga |
| organisms that float in the water columns of oceans, seas, and large lakes and cannot swim against a current | plankton |
| a local surge in an algae population produced by very favorable environmental conditions | algal bloom |
| an organic substance, derived from glucose, found in the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeletons of invertebrates | chitin |
| a slender filament that is the primary structure of a fungal colony | hypha |
| a fungal structure made of interwoven hyphae | mycelium |
| a special fungal structure, composed of many hyphae, that is responsible for reproduction | fruiting body |
| the stalk of a club fungus's fruiting body supporting the cap | stipe |
| the top of a club fungus's fruiting body containing the gills and spores | cap |
| a rib located beneath the cap of some mushrooms used to disperse spores | gill |
| a type of asexual reproduction in which part of a cell is pinched off to form a new cell | budding |
| a type of asexual reproduction in which new organisms grow from pieces of an original | fragmentation |
| a symbiotic relationship formed between many fungi and plant roots in which the fungi increase the absorptive area of the roots and receive carbohydrates in return | mycorrhiza |
| a composite organism consisting of a fungus and algae in a symbiotic relationship | lichen |
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k4tyde