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Internal & External

QuestionAnswer
Define batholith. A very large mass of magma which accumulates in the crust.
Define lacolith. A mushroom shaped body of intrusive igneous rock.
Define dike. A feature formed when magma solidifies in a vertical or near vertical crack.
Define sill. A feature formed when magma solidifies horizontally or nearly horizontally along a bedding plane.
Define active volcano. A volcano which erupts from time to time.
Define dormant volcano. A volcano which has not erupted for a long time but may erupt in the future.
Define extinct volcano. A volcano which has not erupted within historic time.
List some Ethiopian extinct volcanoes. Mt. Dashen, Mt. Zugala, Mt. Bato
Define Focus with relation to earthquake. The point at which an earthquake originates.
Define epicenter with relation to earthquake. The point on the earth's surface immediately above the focus.
Define Seismometer. An instrument used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes.
Define richter's scale. Scale which gives the magnitude of earthquakes. It ranges from 0 to 9.
3 regions where 80% earthquakes happen: Pacific ring of fire, Southern Europe and Southern Asia, West coast areas of the Americas.
2 most recent earthquakes in Ethiopia measuring >5. July 14, 1960 near lake Shalla(mag=6) and June 2,1961 in Karakore.
Define denudation Process of lowering the level of land by washing it away.
3 main agents of physical weathering. Temp. change, frost action, plants' and animals' actions.
Exfoliation The process by which rocks that expanded and contracted eventually crack and fall.
Define scree. The material which is created when fragments and pieces of rock accumulate around the lower slopes of the rock due to frost action.
Define stalacites. Limestone columns that hang from the ceiling of caves.
Define stalagmites. Limestone columns that build upward from the floors of caves.
Define pillars. Formed when stalagmites and stalactites join together.
Define erosion. Transportation of weathered substances
Main causes of erosion are: Running water Sea waves Glaciers Wind
______ are the most important agents which help in shaping the earth's surface. Rivers
The three types of running water erosion are: . explain them. Sheet:when surface water moves in a wide flow. Rill:when surface water cuts relatively small channels. Gully:when floods cut deep wide gorges
How are waves formed? When wind moves over the surface of the sea.
List and explain the features created due to erosion by sea waves. Beach:sea or ocean coast covered by different types of sediments. Spit:a land which is projected to the sea or ocean and attached to the land. Lagoon:small sea water separated from the sea or ocean by accumulation of sand. Bay:a water body with three four
List and explain some of the land forms created by wind. Less deposit:deposit of fertile soil in the desert formed when wind brings fertile soil from fertile areas and dumps them in the desert. As the soil builds upward it becomes a less deposit. Sand dune: small hill of sand formed when wind velocity decreases
Define vent. A narrow passage through which magma reaches the surface.
Define fissure. A large crack through which magma passes.
Define crater. A small hole on the top of a hill or mountain formed by magma that passes through a vent.
Define crater lake. Lake formed when water collects in the crater and forms a lake.
Define caldera. A large/wide hole formed on top of a hill or mountain by magma passing through fissures.
Define caldera lake. Lake formed when water collects in the caldera and forms a lake.
Define intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks Intrusive:formed under the crust while Extrusive:formed above the crust.
Created by: Yonathan Samuel
 

 



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