Question 1

An impact on the body by objects that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities.

cavitation

blunt trauma

penetrating trauma

potential engergy

Accepted Answer

blunt trauma

Question 2

The measure of force over distance.

kinetic energy

trajectory

drag

work

Accepted Answer

work

Question 3

nch collapses usually involve large areas of falling dirt that weigh approximately _______ per cubic foot.
Select one:

A. 50 lb
B. 100 lb
C. 150 lb
D. 200 lb

Accepted Answer

B. 100 lb

Question 4

When arriving at the scene of a cave-in or trench collapse, response vehicles should be parked at least _____ away from the scene.
Select one:

A. 50 feet (15 m)
B. 150 feet (46 m)
C. 250 feet (76 m)
D. 500 feet (152 m)

Accepted Answer

D. 500 feet (152 m)

Question 5

If a technical rescue team is required at the scene, but is not present when you arrive, you should:
Select one:

A. don personal protective equipment and begin the rescue process.
B. check with the incident commander to ensure that the team is en route.
C. remain with your ambulance until the rescue team arrives at the scene.
D. have fire personnel initiate the rescue process if they are at the scene.

Accepted Answer

B. check with the incident commander to ensure that the team is en route.

Question 6

Which of the following duties or responsibilities does NOT fall within the realm of the medical branch of the incident command system?
Select one:

A. Triage
B. Transport
C. Treatment
D. Extrication

Accepted Answer

D. Extrication

Question 7

You are triaging four patients who were involved in a head-on motor vehicle crash. Which of the following patients should be assigned the highest (red) triage category?
Select one:

A. A 50-year-old male with an open head injury and no pulse
B. A 49-year-old female with diabetes and difficulty breathing
C. A 36-year-old female with back pain and numb extremities
D. A 29-year-old male with bilaterally closed femur deformities

Accepted Answer

B. A 49-year-old female with diabetes and difficulty breathing

Question 8

The FIRST step in the START triage system is to:
Select one:

A. focus on the patients who are unconscious.
B. scan the area for patients with severe bleeding.
C. move all walking patients to a designated area.
D. get a quick head count of all the patients involved.

Accepted Answer

C. move all walking patients to a designated area.

Question 9

The JumpSTART triage system is intended to be used for children younger than _____ years or who appear to weigh less than _____.
Select one:

A. 5; 50 lb
B. 6; 70 lb
C. 7; 90 lb
D. 8; 100 lb

Accepted Answer

D. 8; 100 lb

Question 10

As a triage supervisor, you:
Select one:

A. must prepare patients for transport before they leave the triage area.
B. must not begin treatment until all patients have been triaged.
C. are responsible for providing initial treatment to all patients.
D. should communicate with area hospitals regarding their capabilities.

Accepted Answer

B. must not begin treatment until all patients have been triaged.

Question 11

The term used when individual units or different organizations make independent, and often inefficient, decisions regarding an incident is called:
Select one:

A. freelancing.
B. undermining.
C. logistical chaos.
D. single command.

Accepted Answer

A. freelancing.

Question 12

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT:

A. systolic blood pressure.
B. poor general appearance.
C. the mechanism of injury.
D. clinical signs and symptoms.

Accepted Answer

A. systolic blood pressure.

Question 13

Significant blood loss demands your immediate attention as soon as the _______ has been managed

A. Fracture
B. Extraction
C. Airway
D. None of the above

Accepted Answer

C. Airway

Question 14

When treating a patient with signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock and no outward signs of bleeding always consider the possibility of bleeding into the

A. thoracic cavity
B. Abdomen
C. Skull
D. Chest

Accepted Answer

B. Abdomen

Question 15

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:

A. dyspnea.
B. hematuria.
C. hemoptysis.
D. hematemesis.

Accepted Answer

D. hematemesis.

Question 16

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:

A. venules.
B. arterioles.
C. vena cavae.
D. capillary arteries.

Accepted Answer

B. arterioles.

Question 17

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:

A. dizziness upon standing.

B. a rapid, thready pulse.
C. a decreasing blood pressure.
D. rapid, shallow breathing.

Accepted Answer

A. dizziness upon standing.

Question 18

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.

A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 15%
D. 20%

Accepted Answer

D. 20%

Question 19

The quickest and MOST effective way to
control external bleeding from an extremity
is:

A. a pressure bandage.
B. direct pressure and elevation.
C. a splint.
D. a tourniquet.

Accepted Answer

B. direct pressure and elevation.

Question 20

The function of the blood is to _______ all of the body's cells and tissues

A. Remove oxygen from
B. Deliver nutrients to
C. Carry waste products to
D. All of the above

Accepted Answer

B. Deliver nutrients to

Question 21

As red blood cells begin to clump together to form a clot, __________ reinforces the clumped red blood cells.

A. fibrin
B. plasma
C. fibrinogen
D. plasminogen

Accepted Answer

C. fibrinogen

Question 22

When using a stick and square knot as a tourniquet to control severe bleeding from an amputated arm, the EMT should:

A. cover the tourniquet with a sterile dressing.
B. stop twisting the stick when the bleeding stops.
C. twist the stick until the radial pulse disappears.
D. remove the tourniquet if the bleeding has stopped.

Accepted Answer

B. stop twisting the stick when the bleeding stops.

Question 23

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

A. Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets.
B. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.
C. Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting.
D. Approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia.

Accepted Answer

B. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

Question 24

What is the approximate blood volume of a 75-kg adult?
A. 5.25 L
B. 5.50 L
C. 6.25 L
D. 6.50 L

Accepted Answer

A. 5.25 L

Question 25

Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the:

A. systolic blood pressure exclusively.
B. white blood cell's ability to fight infection.
C. ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen.
D. ability of the blood to effectively clot.

Accepted Answer

D. ability of the blood to effectively clot.

Question 26

If the typical adult loses more than 1L of blood, significant changes in vital signs, such as _____ will occur

A. Decreased heart rate
B. Increased respiratory rate
C. Increased blood pressure
D. All of the above

Accepted Answer

B. Increased respiratory rate

Question 27

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to:

A. how fast his or her heart beats.
B. how rapidly he or she bleeds.
C. his or her baseline blood pressure.
D. the part of the body injured.

Accepted Answer

B. how rapidly he or she bleeds.

Question 28

A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh.

A. 250 mL
B. 500 mL
C. 1 L
D. 2 L

Accepted Answer

C. 1 L

Question 29

You respond to a 25-year-old man who has cut his arm with a circular saw. The bleeding appears to be a bright red and spurting. The patient is alert and oriented and converses with you freely. He appears to be stable at this point. What is your first step of controlling his bleeding?

A. Direct pressure
B. Maintain the airway
C. Standard precautions
D. Elevation

Accepted Answer

C. Standard precautions

Question 30

Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is correct?
Select one:

A. It is a clear, watery fluid surrounding the eye and can be replaced if it is lost.
B. It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost.
C. It is a clear, watery fluid that is located in front of the lens and can be replaced if it is lost.
D. It is a clear fluid that is produced by the lacrimal glands and cannot be replaced if it is lost.

Accepted Answer

B. It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost.

Question 31

A 30-year-old female presents with redness, inflammation, and pain to her left eye. During your assessment, you note that she is having difficulty keeping her eyes open. You should suspect that she is experiencing:
Select one:

A. acute retinitis.
B. conjunctivitis.
C. a detached retina.
D. a corneal abrasion.

Accepted Answer

B. conjunctivitis.

Question 32

When a patient has a chemical burn to the eye, you should irrigate the eye for at least 5 minutes; however, if the burn was caused by an alkali or strong acid, you should irrigate for:
Select one:

A. 10 minutes.
B. 15 minutes.
C. 20 minutes.
D. 25 minutes.

Accepted Answer

C. 20 minutes.

Question 33

The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system and the:
Select one:

A. autonomic nervous system.
B. peripheral nervous system.
C. sympathetic nervous system.
D. somatic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

D. somatic nervous system.

Question 34

When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates:
Select one:

A. fractures to the internal structures of the ear following direct trauma.
B. a linear skull fracture and a significant increase in intracranial pressure.
C. significant pressure and bleeding in between the skull and dura mater.
D. rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head.

Accepted Answer

D. rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head.

Question 35

An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is:
Select one:

A. a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs.
B. a progressively lowering blood pressure.
C. an acute increase in the patient's pulse rate.
D. acute unilateral paralysis following the injury.

Accepted Answer

A. a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs.

Question 36

Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Select one:

A. a rapid, thready pulse.
B. widening pulse pressure.
C. CSF leakage from the ears.
D. decerebrate posturing.

Accepted Answer

A. a rapid, thready pulse

Question 37

You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is:
Select one:

A. slow.
B. weak.
C. rapid.
D. irregular.

Accepted Answer

A. slow.

Question 38

In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion:
Select one:

A. does not cause pressure within the skull.
B. results from a laceration to the brain tissue.
C. involves physical injury to the brain tissue.
D. usually does not cause a loss of consciousness.

Accepted Answer

. involves physical injury to the brain tissue.

Question 39

hich of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct?
Select one:

A. It results from direct brain trauma following an impact to the head.
B. Because cerebral edema develops quickly, it is considered to be a primary brain injury.
C. Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury.
D. Signs are often present immediately after an impact to the head.

Accepted Answer

C. Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury.

Question 40

Neck rigidity, bloody cerebrospinal fluid, and headache are associated with what kind of bleeding in the brain?
Select one:

A. Epidural hematoma
B. Subdural hematoma
C. Intracerebral hematoma
D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Accepted Answer

D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 41

In supine patients with a head injury, the head should be elevated _____ to help reduce intracranial pressure.
Select one:

A. 10 degrees
B. 20 degrees
C. 30 degrees
D. 40 degrees

Accepted Answer

C. 30 degrees

Question 42

A patient with a head injury presents with abnormal flexion of his extremities. What numeric value should you assign to him for motor response?
Select one:

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

Accepted Answer

B. 3

Question	Answer
An impact on the body by objects that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities. cavitation blunt trauma penetrating trauma potential engergy	blunt trauma
The measure of force over distance. kinetic energy trajectory drag work	work
nch collapses usually involve large areas of falling dirt that weigh approximately _______ per cubic foot. Select one: A. 50 lb B. 100 lb C. 150 lb D. 200 lb	B. 100 lb
When arriving at the scene of a cave-in or trench collapse, response vehicles should be parked at least _____ away from the scene. Select one: A. 50 feet (15 m) B. 150 feet (46 m) C. 250 feet (76 m) D. 500 feet (152 m)	D. 500 feet (152 m)
If a technical rescue team is required at the scene, but is not present when you arrive, you should: Select one: A. don personal protective equipment and begin the rescue process. B. check with the incident commander to ensure that the team is en route. C. remain with your ambulance until the rescue team arrives at the scene. D. have fire personnel initiate the rescue process if they are at the scene.	B. check with the incident commander to ensure that the team is en route.
Which of the following duties or responsibilities does NOT fall within the realm of the medical branch of the incident command system? Select one: A. Triage B. Transport C. Treatment D. Extrication	D. Extrication
You are triaging four patients who were involved in a head-on motor vehicle crash. Which of the following patients should be assigned the highest (red) triage category? Select one: A. A 50-year-old male with an open head injury and no pulse B. A 49-year-old female with diabetes and difficulty breathing C. A 36-year-old female with back pain and numb extremities D. A 29-year-old male with bilaterally closed femur deformities	B. A 49-year-old female with diabetes and difficulty breathing
The FIRST step in the START triage system is to: Select one: A. focus on the patients who are unconscious. B. scan the area for patients with severe bleeding. C. move all walking patients to a designated area. D. get a quick head count of all the patients involved.	C. move all walking patients to a designated area.
The JumpSTART triage system is intended to be used for children younger than _____ years or who appear to weigh less than _____. Select one: A. 5; 50 lb B. 6; 70 lb C. 7; 90 lb D. 8; 100 lb	D. 8; 100 lb
As a triage supervisor, you: Select one: A. must prepare patients for transport before they leave the triage area. B. must not begin treatment until all patients have been triaged. C. are responsible for providing initial treatment to all patients. D. should communicate with area hospitals regarding their capabilities.	B. must not begin treatment until all patients have been triaged.
The term used when individual units or different organizations make independent, and often inefficient, decisions regarding an incident is called: Select one: A. freelancing. B. undermining. C. logistical chaos. D. single command.	A. freelancing.
The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT: A. systolic blood pressure. B. poor general appearance. C. the mechanism of injury. D. clinical signs and symptoms.	A. systolic blood pressure.
Significant blood loss demands your immediate attention as soon as the _______ has been managed A. Fracture B. Extraction C. Airway D. None of the above	C. Airway
When treating a patient with signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock and no outward signs of bleeding always consider the possibility of bleeding into the A. thoracic cavity B. Abdomen C. Skull D. Chest	B. Abdomen
Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with: A. dyspnea. B. hematuria. C. hemoptysis. D. hematemesis.	D. hematemesis.
The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the: A. venules. B. arterioles. C. vena cavae. D. capillary arteries.	B. arterioles.
In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is: A. dizziness upon standing. B. a rapid, thready pulse. C. a decreasing blood pressure. D. rapid, shallow breathing.	A. dizziness upon standing.
Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume. A. 5% B. 10% C. 15% D. 20%	D. 20%
The quickest and MOST effective way to control external bleeding from an extremity is: A. a pressure bandage. B. direct pressure and elevation. C. a splint. D. a tourniquet.	B. direct pressure and elevation.
The function of the blood is to _______ all of the body's cells and tissues A. Remove oxygen from B. Deliver nutrients to C. Carry waste products to D. All of the above	B. Deliver nutrients to
As red blood cells begin to clump together to form a clot, __________ reinforces the clumped red blood cells. A. fibrin B. plasma C. fibrinogen D. plasminogen	C. fibrinogen
When using a stick and square knot as a tourniquet to control severe bleeding from an amputated arm, the EMT should: A. cover the tourniquet with a sterile dressing. B. stop twisting the stick when the bleeding stops. C. twist the stick until the radial pulse disappears. D. remove the tourniquet if the bleeding has stopped.	B. stop twisting the stick when the bleeding stops.
Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct? A. Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets. B. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously. C. Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting. D. Approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia.	B. Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.
What is the approximate blood volume of a 75-kg adult? A. 5.25 L B. 5.50 L C. 6.25 L D. 6.50 L	A. 5.25 L
Blood stasis, changes in the vessel wall, and certain medications affect the: A. systolic blood pressure exclusively. B. white blood cell's ability to fight infection. C. ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. D. ability of the blood to effectively clot.	D. ability of the blood to effectively clot.
If the typical adult loses more than 1L of blood, significant changes in vital signs, such as _____ will occur A. Decreased heart rate B. Increased respiratory rate C. Increased blood pressure D. All of the above	B. Increased respiratory rate
The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to: A. how fast his or her heart beats. B. how rapidly he or she bleeds. C. his or her baseline blood pressure. D. the part of the body injured.	B. how rapidly he or she bleeds.
A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh. A. 250 mL B. 500 mL C. 1 L D. 2 L	C. 1 L
You respond to a 25-year-old man who has cut his arm with a circular saw. The bleeding appears to be a bright red and spurting. The patient is alert and oriented and converses with you freely. He appears to be stable at this point. What is your first step of controlling his bleeding? A. Direct pressure B. Maintain the airway C. Standard precautions D. Elevation	C. Standard precautions
Which of the following statements regarding the vitreous humor is correct? Select one: A. It is a clear, watery fluid surrounding the eye and can be replaced if it is lost. B. It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost. C. It is a clear, watery fluid that is located in front of the lens and can be replaced if it is lost. D. It is a clear fluid that is produced by the lacrimal glands and cannot be replaced if it is lost.	B. It is a clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye that cannot be replaced if it is lost.
A 30-year-old female presents with redness, inflammation, and pain to her left eye. During your assessment, you note that she is having difficulty keeping her eyes open. You should suspect that she is experiencing: Select one: A. acute retinitis. B. conjunctivitis. C. a detached retina. D. a corneal abrasion.	B. conjunctivitis.
When a patient has a chemical burn to the eye, you should irrigate the eye for at least 5 minutes; however, if the burn was caused by an alkali or strong acid, you should irrigate for: Select one: A. 10 minutes. B. 15 minutes. C. 20 minutes. D. 25 minutes.	C. 20 minutes.
The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system and the: Select one: A. autonomic nervous system. B. peripheral nervous system. C. sympathetic nervous system. D. somatic nervous system.	D. somatic nervous system.
When assessing a patient with a head injury, you note the presence of thin, bloody fluid draining from his right ear. This indicates: Select one: A. fractures to the internal structures of the ear following direct trauma. B. a linear skull fracture and a significant increase in intracranial pressure. C. significant pressure and bleeding in between the skull and dura mater. D. rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head.	D. rupture of the tympanic membrane following diffuse impact to the head.
An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is: Select one: A. a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs. B. a progressively lowering blood pressure. C. an acute increase in the patient's pulse rate. D. acute unilateral paralysis following the injury.	A. a rapid deterioration of neurologic signs.
Common signs and symptoms of a serious head injury include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. a rapid, thready pulse. B. widening pulse pressure. C. CSF leakage from the ears. D. decerebrate posturing.	A. a rapid, thready pulse
You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has experienced a significant head injury if his or her pulse is: Select one: A. slow. B. weak. C. rapid. D. irregular.	A. slow.
In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion: Select one: A. does not cause pressure within the skull. B. results from a laceration to the brain tissue. C. involves physical injury to the brain tissue. D. usually does not cause a loss of consciousness.	. involves physical injury to the brain tissue.
hich of the following statements regarding secondary brain injury is correct? Select one: A. It results from direct brain trauma following an impact to the head. B. Because cerebral edema develops quickly, it is considered to be a primary brain injury. C. Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury. D. Signs are often present immediately after an impact to the head.	C. Hypoxia and hypotension are the two most common causes of secondary brain injury.
Neck rigidity, bloody cerebrospinal fluid, and headache are associated with what kind of bleeding in the brain? Select one: A. Epidural hematoma B. Subdural hematoma C. Intracerebral hematoma D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage	D. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
In supine patients with a head injury, the head should be elevated _____ to help reduce intracranial pressure. Select one: A. 10 degrees B. 20 degrees C. 30 degrees D. 40 degrees	C. 30 degrees
A patient with a head injury presents with abnormal flexion of his extremities. What numeric value should you assign to him for motor response? Select one: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5	B. 3

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