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medsurg 44 & 45
45,45
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The _____ GI tract begins at the mouth and ends at the pyloric sphincter. | upper |
| The client may receive up to 3 cleansing enemas prior to a _____unless contraindicated in preparation for this test. | lower gastrointestinal |
| A client must have _____prior to a per-cutaneous liver biopsy, as bleeding is a major complication. | coagulation studies |
| _____ allows for the direct visual examination of the lumen of the GI tract. | gastrointestinal endoscopy |
| _____, a type of bacterium is believed to be responsible for the majority of peptic ulcers. | Helicobactor pylori |
| _____ is a procedure that allows for the examination of the entire large intestine. | colonoscopy |
| The _____ is both an exocrine gland and endocrine gland. | pancreas |
| This portion of the GI tract begins at the ileum and ends at the anus. | lower |
| In this test, to facilitate observation of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and descending colon fluoroscopically during filling, the examiner directs the client to make multiple position changes. | barium enema |
| This test, contraindicated in pregnant women, requires women who are lactating to pump and discard their breast milk so that the nursing child remains safe from radioactivity. | radionuclide imaging |
| Clients who are claustrophobic may need sedation before undergoing this test because it is imperative that they lie still and not panic during the test. | MRI |
| The physician obtains a small core liver tissue by placing a needle through the client's lateral abdominal wall directly into the liver. | percutaneous liver biopsy |
| This lies at the distal end of the small intestines and regulates the flow of the intestinal contents. | ileocecal valve |
| This forms and releases bile; processes vitamins, proteins, fats, carbohydrates; stores glycogen; and contributes to blood coagulation, which are just a few of the things it does. | liver |
| This is a pouch-like structure at the beginning of the large intestine. | cecum |
| Determines the patency of the ducts from the liver and gallbladder. | cholangiography |
| This procedure involves fluoroscpoic studt of the entire upper GI tract. It dx structural abnormalities in the esophagus, such as tumors, strictures, varices, and hiatal hernias. | upper gastrointestinal test |
| Structural abnormalities below the esophagus include: | gastric tumors, peptic ulcers, and numerous gastric disorders |
| Used to visualize soft tissue structures; it is used to examine GI structures when CT scanning is inadequate | MRI |
| Detects lesions of the liver or pancreas and assists in evaluating gastric emptying. | radionuclide imaging |
| Fluoroscopy of the small intestine after the ingestion of a contrast medium; it is used to identify tumors, inflammation, or obstruction in the jejunum or ileum. | small bowel series |
| Used to id polyps, tumors, inflammation, strictures, and other abnormalities of the colon; 1000-1500ml of barium solution is instilled rectally. The rectum, sigmoid colon, and descending colon are observed fluoroscopically during filling. | lower gastrointestinal series (barium enema) |
| May be performed to detect structural abnormalities of the GI tract. These tests help detect metastatic lesions that might not be apparent on regular GI x-ray. | computed tomography |
| The resulting images enable physicians to ascertain the firmness of the liver, thus allowing them to better predict clients who are at risk for developing fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. | magnetic resonance elastography |
| Identifies stones in the gallbladder or common bile duct, tumors, or other obstructions. The test also determines the ability of the gallbladder to concentrate and store a dyelike, iodine-based, radiopaque contrast medium. | oral cholecystography (gallbladder series) |
| Shows the size and location of organs and outlines structures and abnormalities; helps detect cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, pyloric stenosis, and some disorders of the biliary system. | ultrasonography |
| Requires nasal or oral placement of a flexible feeding tube, the tip of which is positioned in the proximal jejunum; contrast media fill in the pass through the intestinal loops. The examiner observes the intestine continuously by fluoroscopy and takes x- | enteroclysis |
| A client with a GI disorder has to undergo a barium swallow test. The nurse correctly states which of the following diet restrictions required for this client? | "You need to be NPO 8-12 hours before the test." |
| A client has to undergo a barium enema for a suspected GI disorder. During the test, the client experiences a strong urge to defecate and seeks the nurse's advice. | Assure the client that most people can resist the urge |
| What instruction should the nurse give to a client scheduled for a gallbladder series test? | Do not eat or drink until the test is complete. |
| A client tells the nurse that the dye tablets needed to test the gallbladder causes the client to vomit. The nurse lets the client know that which of the following tests can be done as an alternative? | Cholangiography |
| The nurse in conducting an abdominal assessment on a client. After inspecting the skin of the abdomen, which assessment is done next? | listen for bowel sounds in all four quadrants |
| Which of the following pretest evaluation measures should the nurse ensure before a client undergoes the gallbladder series test? | Determine whether the client is allergic to iodine. |
| What is the most important for the nurse to assess for a client scheduled for a percutaneous liver biopsy? | coagulation studies |
| A client complained of a sore throat after an EGD. The nurse observed that the client's gag reflex has returned. What measure can the nurse take to relieve the client's discomfort? | provide the client with ice chips |
| A client scheduled for a colonoscopy has taken the oral preparations as ordered prior to the exam the next day. The client is now having liquid stools. What is the nurse's best action? | explain that this is the expected response |
| The client with epigastric pain is scheduled for an x-ray of the upper gastrointestinal tract. After the nurse explains the procedure, which statement best indicates that the client understands what the procedure involves? | I will have to swallow a large amount of barium. |
| Begins breakdown of good mechanically and chemically | mouth |
| at base of the pharynx to the stomach, upper esophageal sphincter, lower esophageal sphincter | esophagus |
| makes semiliquid food called chyme, acidic due to HCI, anatomy of GI system | stomach |
| duodenum (10 inches), jejunum and ileum (23 feet), ileocecal valve | small intestine |
| 4-5 feet, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, and retum | large intestine |
| digestion and break down of protein and lipids RUQ | liver |
| stores bile and release into common bile duct RUQ | gallbaldder |
| endocrine and exocrine | pancreas |
| venous blood draw, results less than 24 hours, blood enzymes indicate altered liver functions | LFT |
| one sample and a dipstick used or 24-hour collection | urine bilirubin |
| H. Pylori tests | Urea Breath Test H. Pylori Stool Antigen |
| Name the water absorptive organ of the GI tract? | large intestine |
| What is the name of the junction in which the small and large intestine meet? | ileocecal valve |
| Name 2 stomach sphincters | pyloric and esophageal |
| What is the term used to describe the wavelike contractions of the GI tract that propels food through the body? | peristalsis |
| Identify the tree structures that the common bile duct connects. | gallbladder, liver and pancreas |
| What GI accessory structure can be found next to the anterior side of the liver? | gallbladder |
| What major purpose of cilia and microvilli in the intestinal organs? | increase surface area and cause absorption |
| The ______ a membrane that lines the inner abdomen, encloses the viscera and the serous fluid that is secretes. | peritoneum |
| _____ feedings are not administered through gastric tubes placed below the pylorus, because abdominal cramping and diarrhea can occur. | bolus |
| _____is a common disorder that develops when gastric contents flow upward into the esophagus. | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| Administer _____ of water before and after medications and feedings and every 4 to 6 hours with continuous feedings to maintain tube patency. | 15-30 ml |
| The gastrointestinal tube used to relieve abdominal distension caused by problems after surgery, episodes of acute upper GI bleeding, or symptoms associated with intestinal obstruction, or for diagnostic purposes is ____ the one used for tube feeding. | larger than |
| S/S of _____ include foul breath and difficulty or pain when swallowing, belching, regurgitating, or coughing. Auscultation of the middle to upper chest may reveal gurgling sounds. | esophageal diverticula |
| ___occurs when the normal balance bt factors that promote mucosal injury and factors that protect the mucosa is diturbed. The single greatest risk factor for the development of this dx is infection with the gram-neg bacterium. | peptic ulcer disease |
| Clients with __are at greater risk for diabetes, heart disease, HTN, stoke, osteoarthritis, gallbladder dx, and some forms of cancer, most notably colorectal and kidney cancer. | extreme obesity |
| _______is the most common oral cancer. | leukoplakia |
| ____ is secreted in the stomach and promotes mucus production. | prostaglandin |
| A lack of appetite, which is common symptoms of many diseases. | anorexia |
| A trans-abdominal opening into the stomach that provides long-term access for administering fluids and liquid nourishment. | gastrostomy |
| The most common symptoms are epigastirc pain or discomfort (dyspepsia) burning sensation in the esophagus (pyrosis) and regurgitation. | GERD |
| A protrusion of part of the stomach into the lower portion of the thorax. | hiatal hernia |
| Clients usually do not experience symptoms until disease had progressed to interfere with swallowing and passage of food, leading to weight loss. | esophageal cancer |
| Most common among natives of Japan as well as in African Americans and Latinos. | stomach maligancies |
| Defined as a body mass index of 40 or higher or a body weight of more than 20% over ideal. | extreme obesity |
| The appetite center is located here. | hypothalalmus |
| This provides energy through the process of glycogenolysis. | glycogen |
| The tube passes through the nose, esophagus, and stomach to the small intestine. | nasogastric intubation |
| The tube passes through the mouth into the stomach. | orogastric ntubation |
| The tubes passes through the nose into the stomach via the esophagus. | nasoenteric intubation |
| The tubes enter the stomach through a surgically created opening into the abdominal wall. | gastrostomy |
| The tube enters the jejunum or small intestine through a surgically created opening into the abdominal wall. | jejunostomy |
| The nurse assists the client experiencing nausea and vomiting to develop tolerance for fluids and foods. Which of the nursing actions would help the client> | Advancing the diet slowly |
| A nurse is preparing an intervention plan for a client who is receiving tube feedings after an oral surgery. Which of the following measures can prevent improper infusion and assist in preventing vomiting? | checking the tube placement and gastric residual prior to feedings. |
| A client has diarrhea due to a high carb and electrolyte content of the fluid in the tube feeding. Which of the following nursing actions will be most appropriate? | Consulting the physician about decreasing the infusion rate |
| The nurse needs to promote easy passage of food to the stomach in an obese elderly client with hiatal hernia. Which of the following nursing actions in the care plan would help the client> | Instructing to eat slowly and chew the food thoroughly |
| A nurse is preparing an intervention plan for an older client who underwent esophageal surgery. The client frequently reports problems of gastric distention. Which of the following aspects will be most essential in the plan? | Avoiding oral nourishment until bowel sounds resume and are ative |
| Which nursing actions will ensure tube placement and decrease risk of bacterial infection as well as crusting or blockage of the tube? | Admin 15-30ml of water before and after medications and feedings |
| The nurse needs to administer feedings to a client who has diarrhea due to gastroenteritis. Which of the following factors should the nurse consider? | Admin feedings at room temp |
| The nurse is monitoring a client diagnosed with peptic ulcer dx for any sign of medical complications. Which of the assessment measures is the most useful? | assessing the vital signs and fluid status |
| After esophageal surgery, a client exhibited the symptoms of dyspnea. What should a nurse do to minimize dyspnea? | Ensure frequent, small meal and discourage lying down immediately after eating. |
| A client has been experiencing difficulty swallowing and undergoes esophagoscopy, which reveals that the client has a stricture near the end of the esophagus. To help improve the ability to swallow, the best recommendation would be? | Chew everything very throughly |
Created by:
JeniAnn