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Rural and urban life
Term | Definition |
---|---|
to put up with sth (phr.) | tolerate, endure |
to cope with sth (phr.) | to deal with and attempt to overcome problems and difficulties |
a great deal of | a lot of |
downturn | a reduction in the amount or success of something |
urbanisation | the process by which more and more people leave the countryside to live in cities |
conurbation | a city area containing a large number of people, formed by various towns growing and joining together |
to get caught/trapped in a vicious cycle / circle (phr.) | a continuing unpleasant situation, created when one problem causes another problem that then makes the first problem worse |
wasteland | an empty area of land, especially in or near a city, that is not used to grow crops or built on, or used in any way |
decent | acceptable, satisfactory, or reasonable |
affordable | not expensive |
congestion | overcrowding on the roads |
exhaust fumes | gases coming from an engine as waste products |
closure | when something is shut down or closed |
charge | the price you have to pay for something |
pollution | the contamination of soil, water or the atmosphere by harmful substances |
commuter | somebody who travels regularly from one place to another for work |