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Short Story Elements
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Plot | story line or chain of interrelated chronological events |
| Introduction | when characters and problems are introduced |
| Rising action | is set off by the introduction of conflict - as a character struggles with their conflict, more conflict results and the action rises |
| Conflict | a force or person which interferes with a character's ability to reach a goal |
| External conflict | involves a character struggling with another person, nature etc |
| Internal conflict | involves a character struggling with their conscience, personal weakness etc |
| Climax | the turning point in the story |
| Falling action | follows the climax - contains events that bring the story to the conclusion |
| Resolution | the end of the story, where all the problems are solved |
| Character | any person, figure or animal that serve functions in a story |
| Protagonist | main character |
| Antagonist | the main opponent of the protagonist |
| Round character | characters that are realistic and who have more than one trait |
| Secondary character | recurring characters who are of lesser importance |
| Flat character | characters that only exhibit one trait |
| Dynamic character | characters that grow or change over the course of the story |
| Ways to reveal a character's traits and values: | -description of character -actions of character -words of character -reactions of others |
| Setting | time and place where the story occurs |
| Physical setting | combination of the geographical location and the season/time of day/time period |
| Social setting | society that exists in the story; the values and beliefs of the society in which the events happen |
| Atmosphere | mood or emotion that a story arouses in a reader |
| Imagery | descriptive language that can function as a way for the reader to better imagine the world of the story |
| Connotation | meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing it describes explicitly |
| Theme | underlying message that the story conveys - life lesson of the story |
| A good theme statement includes: | -a complete sentence -states a lesson learned in the text -title and author of the text |
| Irony | the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning |
| Point of view | refers to the position from which the events of the story are presented to us |
| Symbol | physical object or image that represents something else |
| Foreshadowing | gives a hint about what is to come in a story |
| Flashback | an event or scene that took place earlier in the story |
| Suspense | a feeling of anxiety or apprehension resulting from an uncertain/mysterious situation |